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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2163326

OVEN FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HOUSEHOLD WASTES

OVEN FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HOUSEHOLD WASTES

The name of the inventor: Orlov G.K . ; Buyanov N.I .; Petrov Yu.V .; Ryabihin NP; Manelis G.B.
The name of the patent holder: Open Joint-Stock Company "Electrostal Heavy Machinery Plant"
Address for correspondence: 144005, Moscow region, Electrostal, JSC "EZTM", the head of the patent and license department Wolshonku Z.S.
Date of commencement of the patent: 1997.07.28

The invention relates to the field of thermal processing of industrial and domestic wastes and can be most effectively used for burning oil waste in oilfields. The furnace contains a shaft, mounted to the side of it, a loading device and a discharge device inside it. The loading device is made in the form of a drive carriage with a basket mounted in the tunnel, the bottom of which is a series of curtains that are opened during the charging of the furnace by means of a turn actuator. In the tunnel there is a window with hinged covers for loading the basket. The basket is fed into the shaft through a window closed by the valve during loading and the gate after loading. The loading device is equipped with a waste leveling mechanism in a basket consisting of a rack and a bracket mounted on it with a rotating comb, equipped with turning and lifting-lowering actuators. The unloading device is made in the form of a grate and a tedder formed by combs mounted on parallel horizontal shafts having a common rotation drive. The technical result: improvement of cleaning of exhaust flue gases.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of thermal processing of industrial and domestic wastes and can be most effectively used for burning oil waste in oilfields.

At present, the problem of protecting the environment from pollution is very acute. Waste in oil fields, as a rule, is burned in sediment bowls under the open sky or buried in the ground.

A furnace for the thermal treatment of fuel is known (see Shishakov, NV, Essentials for the production of hot gases, Moscow-Leningrad, 1948, pp. 38-40, Figure 7), containing a mine, a loading box and a discharge device consisting of two Located one above the other bins, separated from each other by a latch. A gas generator is also known (see ibid., P. 224, figure 62), containing a shaft and a loading box. The loading boxes (see ibid., Figures 59, 60, 61, 62, 65) include a body, a supporting and guide ring, a seat, a cone, a cover and a lever with a counterweight. A fuel distribution pattern in the shaft at a different position of the cone is given in FIG.

A drawback of the known solutions is that the fuel loading by means of the conical loading box and unloading by means of hoppers with a gate valve occurs randomly, with an uneven layer. As a result, combustion occurs unevenly along the diameter of the furnace, burn-out is possible, as a result of which it is impossible to obtain a combustible gas.

Of the known closest in terms of technical essence is the furnace for the thermal processing of industrial and domestic waste, mainly oil waste, from GB 1104378A, cl. F 23 G 5/00, 02/28/1968.

This furnace contains a shaft, a charging device and an unloading device located inside the shaft and made in the form of a grate and a tedder, rotating horizontal shafts with combs and parallel shafts with a drive. The shaft of the furnace is connected by horizontal smoke channels with a smoke chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber intended for incineration of waste impregnated with petroleum products.

The disadvantage of this furnace is the complexity of the construction and the large material consumption, large footprint and large energy costs.

Another disadvantage of this furnace is that the furnace load does not provide an even layer, since the presence of rotating horizontal rollers with combs worsens the uniformity of the layered laying.

The disadvantage of the known furnace is that it is possible to burn organic waste impregnated with petroleum products only in the auxiliary combustion chamber.

In addition, when incinerating waste in a well-known furnace, despite the presence of smoke and auxiliary chambers, the completeness of waste combustion is not ensured and a large amount of harmful substances and dust exceeding the international sanitary standards is emitted into the atmosphere.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an oven for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial waste that provides hot gas for domestic and industrial uses that has the ecological purity of the exhaust flue gases when it is burned, by distributing the incinerated waste evenly over the entire section and completely burning them.

The object is achieved in that in a furnace for the thermal processing of industrial and domestic waste, preferably oil waste containing a shaft, a charging device and an unloading device located inside the shaft and made in the form of a grate and a tedder, parallel shafts having a pivot drive according to the invention, The loading device is equipped with a leveling mechanism, installed on the side of the shaft and is made in the form of a drive carriage with a basket mounted on it, the bottom of which is a set of curtains with holes for the passage of gas installed on horizontal shafts with a common swing drive, Window with hinged lids for loading the basket, in the shaft on the side there is a window for the passage of the basket at loading, for closing it is provided with a valve during loading, and for closing after loading - a gate, the leveling mechanism is made in the form of a rack and mounted on it bracket with a rotating comb , Equipped with drives for turning and lifting - lowering, and the grate and the tedder of the unloading device are formed by combs installed on parallel shafts having a common drive of rotation.

Such a design allows to ensure a uniform distribution of incinerated waste in the kiln section during loading, as well as uniform distribution of discharged ash, slag, crushed stone, etc., along the mine section. Thanks to this, an effective combustion of oil waste is ensured, without burn-out, leading to incomplete combustion and formation of harmful impurities in gasification products. The constant level "a" (Fig.1) of the high-temperature zone of oil sludge burning in the furnace without a burnout provides for gasification the production of a combustible gas that has the ecological purity of the exhaust flue gases during its combustion and which is then used for domestic and industrial needs.

In order to illustrate the invention, a specific embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

OVEN FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HOUSEHOLD WASTES

FIG. 1 shows a general view of a furnace for the thermal processing of industrial
And household waste (with two furnaces).

FIG. 2 - a loading device in a section; In Fig. 3 - loading device, top view.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of AA in FIG. 2; In Fig. 5 is a view B in Fig. 1.

The furnace for the thermal processing of industrial and domestic waste, mainly oil waste, contains mine 1, loading and unloading devices. The loading device includes a tunnel 2 installed on the side of the shaft 1, along which the drive trolley 3 is driven with a basket 4 fixed to it. The bottom of the basket 4 is a series of shutters 5 with holes 6 for gas passage installed on parallel shafts 7 connected through a gear 8 c By a common rotation drive 9. In the shaft 1, a window 10 for passing the basket 4 is formed on the side, which is closed by means of a vertical gate 11 with a drive 12 installed on the tunnel 2, after the basket 4 is discharged from the shaft 1. The valve 13 is mounted on the drive car 3 to close the window 10 in Mine during the loading of waste. In tunnel 2 there is a window 14 with hinged lids 15 for loading waste into the basket 4. The loading device is provided with a waste leveling mechanism in the basket 4. It is made in the form of a stand 16 installed next to the tunnel 2, on which the bracket 18 rotating from the drive 17 From the drive 19 by the comb 20. The bracket 18 has a hoist-lowering drive 21. For discharging the ash, slag, crushed stone remaining in the combustion, for example the oil-helmet, a discharge device is installed inside the shaft 1 below. It is made in the form of a grate formed by combs 22 mounted on parallel shafts 23 and a muffler formed by combs 24 mounted on parallel shafts 25 located above shafts 23. Shafts 23 and 25 through reducer 26 are connected to a turn actuator 27. The ash, Slags and rubble are removed from the shaft 1 by means of two box-shaped pallets 29 opening onto the conveyor 30. The air is supplied to the shaft 1 to maintain the combustion process by the fan 31 via electric heating devices 32 (TEN) and pipes 33. The gas leaking into the tunnel 2 when the shaft 1 is being loaded, is sucked off by the fan 34 and again fed into the shaft. For convenience of operation, two shafts 1 can be used, tunnel 2 is located between them, in tunnel 2 two drive carriages 3 with baskets 4 are mixed, operating alternately.

THE OVEN WORKS AS FOLLOWING

Oil sludge, consisting of a mixture of oil, sand, clay, stones and sawdust, is conveyed (not shown) to the basket 4 of the loading device through the window 14 of the tunnel 2. The caps 15 are pre-thrown. After loading the basket 4 with oil sludge, the scraper bracket 18 rotates from the actuator 17 so that the comb 20 is positioned above the basket 4. Next, the rotation drive of the comb 20 and the lowering drive 21 of the bracket 18 are turned and the loose oil slurry is leveled by the rotating comb 20 with an even layer throughout the basket diameter 4. After that, the bracket 18 is retracted from the loading position, the rotation of the comb 20 is turned off, the tunnel 14 of the tunnel 2 is closed by the covers 15. Then the drive of the carriage (not shown) of the carriage 3 is turned on. At the same time, the drive 12 of the gate 11 is turned on and the window 10 in the shaft 1 is opened. Open window 10, the basket 4 of the loading device is mounted on the axis of the shaft 1. The window 10 of the shaft 1, in order to avoid gas leakage into the tunnel 2, is tightly closed by a valve 13 mounted on the carriage 3. The drive 9 of the parallel shafts 7 and the curtains 5 of the basket 4 are then opened. All oil sludge is discharged from the basket 4 evenly over the entire diameter of the shaft. A constant level of "a" burning of oil sludge in the furnace without burn-through is a condition for stable operation of the furnace and production of combustible gas.

Then, as a portion of the oil sludge is discharged from the basket 4 to the shaft 1, the curtains 5 of the bottom of the basket 4 are returned to the initial horizontal position by the reverser of the turn actuator 8, the drive of the truck 3 is turned on, the basket 4 stops under the window 14 and is loaded with the next portion of the oil sludge and Then the process repeats. The gate 11 at this time closes the window 10 in the shaft 1 so that the gas from it does not penetrate into the tunnel 2.

For the discharge of ash, slag, etc. The turn actuator 27 of the parallel shafts 23 and 25 of the discharge device and the grate comb 22 and the comb combs 24 through the reducer 26 are rotated, whereby the ash, slag, stones and chips remaining after burning fall flat through the slots between the shafts 23 and 25 On the box pallets 29. The combs of the tedder do not allow slag and crushed stone to hang. Then, using the drive 28, the box trays 29 are opened and the ashes, slag, stones and chips are discharged onto the conveyor 30.

When using two furnaces while the oil sludge is unloaded from one basket to the furnace, the second basket is loaded with oil sludge for another furnace.

The proposed furnace for the thermal processing of industrial and domestic waste, in comparison with the known ones, makes it possible to produce combustible gas, which is then burned with the formation of environmentally friendly exhaust flue gases, the heat of which is used for domestic and industrial needs.

The proposed solution will improve the environmental situation when recycling industrial waste.

CLAIM

A furnace for the thermal processing of industrial and domestic waste, preferably oil waste, containing a shaft, a charging device and an unloading device located inside the shaft and made in the form of a grate and a tedder, parallel shafts having a pivot drive, characterized in that the loading device is provided with a leveling mechanism, Is mounted to the side of the shaft and is made in the form of a drive carriage with a basket fixed on it, the bottom of which is a horizontal-mounted shaft with a common swing drive, a row of blinds with holes for gas passage, a tunnel with hinged covers for loading is provided in the tunnel Basket, in the shaft on the side there is a window for the passage of the basket at loading, for closing it is provided with a valve during loading, and for closing after loading - a gate, the leveling mechanism is made in the form of a rack and mounted on it bracket with a rotating comb, equipped with drives for turning and lifting - lowering, while the grate and the tedder of the unloading device are formed by combs mounted on parallel shafts having a common rotation drive.

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Published on February 19, 2007