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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2133409

OVEN FOR COMBUSTION OF WOOD WASTE

The name of the inventor: Svinarev Boris Mikhailovich
The name of the patent owner: Svinarev Boris Mikhailovich
Address for correspondence: 194044, St. Petersburg, Smolyachkov St. 13, building 2, Svinarev Boris Mikhailovich
Starting date of the patent: 1995.06.21

The wood waste incinerator comprises a charging hopper, a heat exchanger, a smoke exhauster, a vertical shaft with a perforated bottom, provided with one or more perforated beakers and a device for preventing collection. The glasses are located vertically and are supported by the open part on the grate. The afterburning chamber is made of an annular cross-section, limited inside the wall of the vertical shaft, outside - by the secondary air heater, made in the form of two vertical collectors with horizontal rings of pipes between them. One of the collectors is provided with nozzles for supplying heated air in the secondary combustion chamber. The technical result: increasing the efficiency of the furnace.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to devices for burning various wood waste such as sawdust, bark, firewood, which are formed in large quantities in factories associated with wood processing in logging, woodworking, pulp and paper and other industries and can be used in these industries, As an integral part of the plants for generating heat (heat generators).

At the enterprises of the above industries, wood waste that is not in demand and sharply disturbs the ecological balance in the areas where they are buried constantly accumulates in large quantities.

The solution of the problem of burning wood waste will not only significantly improve the ecological situation, but also will provide cheap thermal energy.

At present, a fairly large number of furnaces for burning various kinds of waste, including wet low-calorie, such as wood waste, are known (Bogushevskaya KK, Thermal Methods for Waste Disposal, Leningrad, Chemistry, 1975, 150 p, Arzamasova ZA Sanitary cleaning of cities, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1966, 220 pp.).

The main characteristic of any furnace, as a heat generator, is the specific heat removal from 1 m ^{2 of the} furnace furnace (thermal stress) q _bpm (Kcal / m ² ).

The main elements of waste incinerators are: a charging hopper with a device for preventing formation, a grate, a post-combustion chamber, a secondary air heater, a heat exchanger for generating heat by heating the coolant with flue gases leaving the furnace, a smoke exhaust fan and a fan.

A firebox for the burning of wood waste is known (Author's certificate 1296789, cl. F 23 G 7/00, 1987), in which the wood waste is pre-compressed, which greatly complicates the construction and reduces the reliability of its operation.

Known furnace for incineration of municipal solid waste (Author's Certificate 1756741, cl. The F 23 G 5/00, 1992), in which there is a hopper with funnel fuel loader, roller grate with the roll seals, the air supply to the rolls, shlakovygruzhateli.

The disadvantages of this furnace are cumbersome, difficult to manage and unreliable due to the possibility of plugging air holes in the rolls.

In the pyrolysis plant of waste (Author's certificate 877236, cl. F 23 G 5/027, 05.11.87), which includes a vertical shaft with a bunker, a combustion and post-combustion chamber with a secondary air or pyrolysis gases located in the latter, a heat exchanger and a smoke exhaustor, an essential The disadvantage is a decrease in the intensity of the drying process in the vertical shaft due to the relatively low temperatures of the walls of the mine located outside the combustion zone or afterburning of the gases. In addition, a secondary air heater, made of serpentine type, requires an increase in installation volumes for its placement.

The closest in terms of technical nature to the proposed furnace is RU (RU patent 2015450, cl. F 23 B 1/38, June 30, 1994) for the incineration of wood waste. It consists of a lowering shaft, a combustion chamber with a grate and a post-combustion chamber.

In this furnace, waste from the mine falls on the grate, through which the primary air is blown through, passing through the waste layer, drying and igniting them. Unburned particles are burned on the secondary combustion grate by passing through the heated secondary air, and unburnt gaseous products are burned in the afterburner. After that, the flue gases pass through the gas outlet window and are then discharged into the atmosphere.

This furnace has the following drawbacks. The process of drying the waste in the mine is ineffective due to the fact that its walls have a low temperature (on the part of the perimeter of the wall of the wall it generally has a temperature, the room where the furnace is located). Therefore, the main volume of drying occurs on the grate, which reduces the working volume of the combustion chamber and, accordingly, the heat sink. The thickness of the waste layer on the grate is greatly limited by the possibilities of loss of the primary air pressure overcome by the smoke exhaustor, the amount of primary air blown through the waste layer decreases and, accordingly, the combustion intensity and heat dissipation decreases. In addition, the location of the afterburning chamber separately from the mine leads to an increase in the dimensions of the furnace.

Thus, the inefficient process of drying the waste in the mine, limiting the thickness of the waste layer, constructive solutions for locating the afterburner lead to a reduction in the amount of wood waste burnt, an increase in the dimensions of the furnace and, as a consequence, a decrease in the heat output (heat removal) of the furnace and a decrease in the efficiency of its operation as a whole .

The purpose of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the furnace, i.e., to increase the heat removal and reduce the dimensions.

The aim is achieved by the fact that the furnace comprises a charging hopper, a heat exchanger and a smoke exhauster, the shaft is made upright with a perforated lower part provided with one or more perforated cups arranged vertically and supported by an open portion on the grate and with a device for preventing piling, Afterburning is carried out in an annular cross-section, limited inside the wall of the vertical shaft, and on the periphery by the secondary air heater, made in the form of two vertical collectors with horizontal rings of pipes between them, one of the manifolds being provided with nozzles for supplying heated air to the combustion chamber.

In Fig. 1 (a, b) shows the proposed furnace for incineration of wood waste, longitudinal and transverse section. The furnace contains a hopper 1; Vertical shaft 2 with a device 3 to prevent piling - wood waste. At the bottom, the vertical shaft is closed by a grate 4, on which the perforated glass 5 is supported by the open part (the axis of the cup is located vertically). The lower part of the vertical shaft 2 is provided with perforations. The space between the perforated walls of the cup 5 and the shaft 2 forms a combustion chamber. On the outside of the lower perforated part of the shaft 2 is a cavity of an annular cross-section, which is a post-combustion chamber 6, bounded inside the perforated wall of the shaft 2, and peripherally by a secondary air heater made in the form of two vertical collectors 7 and 8 with horizontal rings of tubes 9 between them. One of the manifolds 8 is provided with nozzles 10 arranged in such a way that their axes are directed into the combustion chamber 6, i.e., into the gap between the walls of the vertical shaft and the other manifold. Outside, the chamber 6 is closed with a thermal insulation 11, and inside it has a partition 12. In addition, the furnace has a heat exchanger 13 for heating the coolant, a smoke exhauster 14 and a pilot burner 15.

The furnace operates as follows. The wood waste after loading into the hopper 1 enters the vertical shaft 2 and fills it all up to the grate 4. The device 3 is activated, which prevents the formation in the shaft. After switching on the exhauster 14 in the secondary combustion chamber 6, a vacuum is created and the primary air through the grate 4 and 5 cups of perforation starts filtered through a layer of wood waste, located between glass walls and vertical shaft. During the start-up period, the burner 15 is switched on, giving the initial heat. Wood waste located in the lower part of (perforated) shaft 2, i.e. In the combustion chamber, begin to dry out and burn. The burner 15 is turned off after the start of the combustion process, a secondary air source (for example, a fan) is turned on, which is supplied to the manifold 2.

In the steady-state mode, the drying of waste begins in the zone above the combustion chamber, i. E. Above the glass 5, and in the combustion chamber itself, the combustion process is combined with pyrolysis of the wood, i. E. With the release of combustible gaseous products which through the perforation of the shaft 2 enter the afterburner 6 where they mix with the hot secondary air entering from the nozzles 10 of the manifold 8 and burn out, maintaining the temperature in the chamber 6, and consequently also the lower part of the wall of the shaft 2 In the range of 900-1000 ^° C. The resulting flue gases in chamber 6 through heat exchanger 13 and smoke exhauster 14 are vented to the atmosphere or purged. In the heat exchanger 13, the flue gases give off heat to the heat carrier, which can be air or water supplied to it by the blowers. The ash that remains after the burning of wood waste, falls through the grate and is removed.

The presence of a perforated cup 5 and the perforation of the wall of the lower part of the shaft 2 makes it possible to create almost any required volume of the combustion chamber, i.e., the space where the primary air is filtered through a layer of wood waste. To do this, it is necessary to vary only the height of the perforated cup 5 and, accordingly, the height of the perforation in the lower part of the wall of the shaft 2 or the number of cups 5. The influence of the presence of the cup 5 on the dimensions of the combustion chamber is schematically shown in Fig. 2.

Thus, the proposed constructive solution allows to carry out the process of incineration only in a vertical shaft, in contrast to the prototype in accordance with the patent. 2015450 and the installation as. 877236, where the waste after the mine is scattered a thin layer on the grate. This significantly reduces the dimensions of the furnace and increases its productivity, i.e. Specific heat sink q.

Due to the annular shape of the cross-section of the afterburning chamber 6, the walls of the lower part of the shaft 2 along the entire perimeter, in contrast to the prototype, are in the zone of intense heating (900-1000 ^° C). This facilitates rapid drying of the waste entering the lower part of the vertical shaft 2. The annular shape of the afterburner 6 and the presence of one of the nozzles 10 that allow the secondary air to be blown into the chamber 6 in such a way that the gases inside the latter move along the ascending spiral at high speed Washing the windings of secondary air heater tubes (this speed is determined by the transverse dimensions of the chamber 6 and the secondary air consumption), allow to intensify the secondary air heating process, in contrast to the gas heater in the installation according to the AS. 877236, located in the zone of low velocities of flue gases. In addition, the rings of the secondary air heater tubes 9, in addition to the direct function (to preheat the air), are also a power structural element forming the peripheral wall of the afterburner 6. All this contributes to an increase in heat dissipation q _b. And reduce the dimensions of the proposed furnace.

The proposed furnace according to the above description was developed and manufactured at the company "INTERM" and is currently in trial operation.

The table presents the comparative characteristics of the proposed furnace and operating both foreign and domestic furnaces, which are analogues of the prototype.

Note : The data were obtained by inspection of a furnace installed at the Vyborg Pulp and Paper Mill. Leningrad region. Thus, the proposed furnace is much more efficient than existing modern furnaces. In addition, due to the intensification of the process of drying and burning of waste in the proposed furnace, it can process wood residues of almost any moisture content (up to 80%), while one of the best ovens for bark combustion (JSC OUTOCUMPU-Finland) uses Pre-pressed to a moisture content of 50-55% bark, for which it is necessary to have a powerful preparatory production. At present, working projects have been developed at the INTERM, and furnaces for burning wood waste with thermal power from 0.5 to 10.0 Gcal / h are manufactured.

CLAIM

A furnace for burning wood waste containing a shaft, a combustion chamber, a grate, a post-combustion chamber, characterized in that it comprises a charging hopper, a heat exchanger and a smoke exhauster, the shaft is vertical with a perforated bottom provided with one or more perforated cups arranged vertically and Supported by an open part on the grate, and with a device for preventing formation, the afterburning chamber is made of an annular cross-section, bounded inside by the wall of the vertical charge, and on the periphery - by a secondary air heater, made in the form of two vertical collectors with horizontal rings of pipes between them, From collectors is provided with nozzles for supplying heated secondary air to the combustion chamber.

print version
Publication date 20.02.2007gg

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