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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2271996
DEVICE FOR RECEIVING DRINKING WATER FROM MARINE AND SIMULTANEOUS ENVIRONMENTALLY PURE INJURY OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE
The name of the inventor: Adamovich Boris Andreevich (RU); Dudov Vladimir Ilich (RU); Derbichev Ahmet Giri Bamat Gireyevich (RU); Trubitsyn Alexander Pavlovich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Adamovich Boris Andreevich (RU); Dudov Vladimir Ilich (RU); Derbichev Ahmet Giri Bamat Gireyevich (RU); Trubitsyn Alexander Pavlovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 123557, Moscow, Bolshoy Tishinsky per., 8, p. 1, "Resursprominvest", B.A. Adamovich
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.09.22
The invention relates to the field of drinking water supply and utilization of domestic garbage, in particular, to the production of drinking water from the sea by distilling (distilling) sea water with the help of heat from environmentally friendly domestic waste incineration. The device contains a bin for the supply of domestic garbage, a combustion chamber. With the help of the compressor, the blasting air is sucked from the atmosphere and fed into the cooling jacket of the combustion chamber. Part of the air is fed to the adsorption unit, where the air is separated into oxygen and nitrogen. Sea water is fed to a fire tube boiler, where it evaporates. The vapors condense and the resulting water is supplied to the air conditioner. The device allows simultaneous reception of drinking water from sea water and utilization of domestic garbage by burning it in a high-temperature rocket-type combustion chamber with removal of dioxins and furans by multi-stage dust and aerosol cyclones with repeated dust treatment in the combustion chamber.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of drinking water supply and utilization of domestic garbage, in particular, to the production of drinking water from the sea by distilling seawater with the help of heat from environmentally friendly domestic waste incineration.
The problem of drinking water supply in the countries of the Middle East, the Mediterranean, Australia and others has become one of the most urgent today.
Drinking water in these countries is predominantly an imported product, despite the fact that seawater is washing their shores.
Turning sea water into drinking water is not so simple. This requires a huge amount of energy consumed in the process of distilling sea water. The use of other less energy-intensive methods of removing salts from seawater, for example reverse osmosis, allows today to receive in large quantities only technical water, suitable for watering plants, but not suitable for drinking purposes.
At the same time, it is in these regions that a huge amount of household waste is concentrated, when burning which can generate as much heat as necessary for distilling seawater and providing drinking water.
As an example, consider a fashionable region for a holiday in the Bay of Naami Bay (Egypt, Sinai Peninsula) on the Red Sea, where there is no natural drinking water. In this region there are about 12 large hotels, where about 5,000 people rest constantly.
The amount of household waste with relative humidity up to 40% is in the region as a whole of 15 tons per day. When they are dried to a relative humidity of 12-14%, the calorific value of the waste will be about 4000 kcal / kg.
Thus, when drying and burning these wastes, it will be possible to carry out distillation of more than 110 tons of sea water per day, which after the introduction of micro- and macro elements (no more than 2 grams per liter) becomes suitable for drinking, washing, cooking and washing dishes in quantities Up to 22 liters of drinking water per person per day. It should be borne in mind that for drinking, a person needs only 2.5 liters of water per day.
On average, it can be assumed that, depending on the humidity of domestic garbage, the amount of distilled water received from the sea is 3-7 times higher than the amount of domestic waste burned.
The closest analogue of the device is the installation described in the application RU 94035281 A1, pub. 07/20/1996, pp. 1-4.
The main disadvantage of the installation is the insufficient completeness of incineration of garbage. In this connection, hazardous substances (dioxins, furans, infected under-oxidized waste, etc.) are present in the exhaust gases.
The object of the invention is to develop a safe device for obtaining drinking water from the sea by burning waste.
The technical result in the device is achieved due to the use of oxygen in it with a concentration of 93-94% volumetric only for afterburning of unburned substances and use of heat recovery for raising the temperature in the combustion chamber to 2000 ° C and using a multistage system of dust and aerosol cyclones to remove dioxins and furans , Formed on the surface of aerosols and dust particles, which are subjected to secondary processing in the combustion chamber at a temperature of 2000 ° C, and then, together with the ash, are disposed of.
The device consists of the following elements (see the attached drawing): a metal combustion chamber 1 of a missile type with a cooling jacket 2, a fire tube 3, an afterburner 4, a debris ignition system 5, an air blower 6, an ash collector 7, a receiving hopper 8, Shredder 9, debris feed screw 10 into the combustion chamber, combustion air supply nozzles 11 for dehydrating debris, air compressor 12, adsorption oxygen generator 13, cooling jacket of afterburner 14, heated oxygen supply nozzles 15 to afterburner, electrostatic dust filter 16, three-six-step A system of dust and aerosol cyclones 17, a smoke exhauster 18, an emulsifier 19, a water pump 20 of the first lift, a seawater pail 21, a seawater filter 21, a heat exchanger 23, a condenser 24, a water pump of the second lift 25 with a drinking water supply to consumers "P" and Cooling water return pipe 26 in the sea.
The device operates in the following way: the household rubbish is fed to the hopper 8 where it is ground in a roller shredder 9 and then directed to the combustion chamber 1 by means of a screw 10. The drying of the waste is carried out with a hot (up to 400 ° C.) Parts of the combustion chamber into the cooling jacket of the screw 10, and then through the nozzles 11 - into the auger. The blown air is sucked from the atmosphere by the compressor 12 and supplied to the cooling jacket 2 of the combustion chambers 1, and some of it is fed to the adsorption unit 13 where the air is separated into oxygen and nitrogen. The air saturated with oxygen (up to 94%) is fed into the cooling jacket 14 of the afterburner 4 and then through the holes 15 to the afterburner, where complete combustion of the unburned waste is ensured, and nitrogen is recycled.
The problem of removing dioxin is solved by raising the temperature in the combustion chamber to 2000 ° C (by preheating the blast air to 700 ° C) and using the dust and aerosol removal system at the exit of the afterburner, in addition to the multistage system of dust and aerosol cyclones 17, electrostatic precipitator 16 and Emulsifier 19.
Dioxin is removed together with dust and aerosols and returned for recycling to the combustion chamber along the "D" channel. As the exhaust gases pass through the cyclones, their temperature decreases, and the amount of dioxin decreases. This allows the use of emulsifiers 19 to remove other harmful impurities (sulfur, sulfur oxides, etc.). As the dust is filled, it is removed through the ash collector 7.
The reception of drinking water from the sea is carried out in the water supply subsystem in the following way: the seawater, purified from solid particles in filter 22, with index M, is supplied by the 1st lifting pump 20 from the pit 21 to the heat exchanger-condenser 23, heated in it and with the index MT Enters the fire tube boiler 3, evaporates therein and returns to the heat exchanger-condenser 23 as a vapor (index V), and from there the generated water is supplied to the conditioner 24 where the water is disinfected with silver ions and the necessary micro- and macro elements are added thereto S), then the drinking water (index P) is supplied to consumers "P" using the pump of the 2nd lift 25.
CLAIM
A device for obtaining drinking water from marine and simultaneous environmentally friendly domestic waste incineration, including a combustion chamber, a boiler, an afterburner, an ash collector, a receiving bin, an air compressor, an adsorption oxygen generator from the air, an oxygen inlet from an adsorption oxygen generator to an afterburner, an emulsifier, A first water lift pump, a seawater sump, a seawater filter, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a second water lift pump with water to the consumers and a cooling water return pipe to the sea, characterized in that it contains a cooling jacket screw directly adjacent to the head of the chamber Combustion with the cooling jacket, the cooling jacket of the screw being connected to the middle portion of the combustion chamber cooling jacket, the nozzle of the injection of blasting air into the combustion chamber installed above the middle part of the boiler and connected to the combustion chamber cooling jacket, the nozzles for supplying the heated blown air to the combustion chamber, The after burner is located directly behind the boiler, the oxygen inlet from the adsorption oxygen generator is mounted on the afterburner cooling jacket and at the opposite end of the afterburner there are injectors for feeding the heated oxygen into the afterburner, an electrostatic precipitator and a three-six-stage dust and aerosol cyclone system for removing dioxins And furans formed on the surface of aerosols and dust particles and return of dust and aerosols for re-treatment in the combustion chamber along with the debris.
print version
Date of publication 12.12.2006гг
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