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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2248880

METHOD OF PROCESSING OF WEARED TIRES AND OTHER RUBBER-TIRE PRODUCTS

METHOD OF PROCESSING OF WEARED TIRES AND OTHER RUBBER-TIRE PRODUCTS

The name of the inventor: Vinogradov Vladimir Borisovich (RU); Efremov Vladimir Ivanovich (RU); Maltyzov Gennady Konstantinovich (RU); Kulyasov Vitaliy Ivanovich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Vinogradov Vladimir Borisovich (RU); Efremov Vladimir Ivanovich (RU); Maltyzov Gennady Konstantinovich (RU); Kulyasov Vitaliy Ivanovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 121353, Moscow, Skolkovskoye sh., 22, ap. 7, G.K. Maltyzov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.07.29

The invention can be used in the utilization of tires and other rubber products. The method for processing the worn tires is carried out by pre-grinding and then feeding the pulverized mass to a screw pump having a nozzle with spinnerets in which the mass is heated to 550 ° C in the spinneret area. Through the pressure nozzles, the mass is tangentially fed into the upper part of the reactor, moving the mass to the lower part of the reactor along the inside screw reactor, and subjected to the action of reducing gases for pyrolysis of the mass. As the reducing gases, the gaseous oil products withdrawn from the reactor, obtained as a result of the pyrolysis of the mass, are used, followed by their selection and supply tangentially to the lower part of the reactor under excess pressure and at a temperature of 550-800 ° C with a mass ratio of 0.1-0.2 :1. The remaining part of the gaseous petroleum products formed in the reactor is fed as a fuel to the steam power unit for generating electricity or for further processing into liquid fuel. The solid precipitate formed as a result of mass processing is treated in the lower part of the reactor located below the reducing gas supply zone with superheated steam at a temperature of 200-250 ° C and a mass ratio of steam to solid sediment of 1: 1, followed by collection of the treated solid sediment In an air-cooled hopper to separate the precipitate into fractions. The air, the cooling bunker, is fed to the steam power plant. The preparation of the solid precipitate fraction is fed to the subsequent processing. The method is environmentally friendly and simplifies the process of processing, reduces energy consumption, improves the quality of the products obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to thermal pyrolysis and can be used in the utilization of tires and other rubber products (RTI).

A method for the thermal processing of worn-out tires in the environment of recirculated gases produced during the process is known. The reaction of pyrolysis of the tires passes at 200-500 ° C for 3-6 hours (Author's certificate of the NRB No. 19885, cl. In 29 N 19/00, published on 15.12.80).

There is a known method for processing used tires by vacuum pyrolysis at 490-510 ° C and an absolute pressure of less than 5 kPa to obtain carbon black with iodine absorption of 0.13-0.15 kg / kg, oil DOP value (80-100) · 10 -5 M 3 / kg and the number of coloring ability 55-63 (US Patent No. 5,087,436, class C 09 C 1/48, published on February 11, 1992).

A method for thermal processing of worn tires is known, including loading them into a reactor, pyrolysis of the material, followed by product separation and unloading of the solid residue. Pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of up to 1000 ° C in a reducing gas environment (British Patent No. 1481352, class C 5 E, published on July 27, 1997, prototype) . A common drawback of the known methods is the complicated instrumental design of the process and large energy costs. In addition, carbon black is of very poor quality.

And a method for thermal processing of worn-out tires according to the patent No. 239187, Cl. At 29 V 17/00, 1997 . In this method, worn tires are loaded into the reactor, pyrolysis of the material is carried out at a temperature of 550-800 ° C in a reducing gas environment at a ratio of the reducing gas to the material of 0.20-0.45: 1. Next, the pyrolysis products are separated and the solid residue is discharged. At the end of pyrolysis, superheated steam is supplied at 250-300 ° C in an amount of 0.03-0.12: 1 to the feed material. The reducing gas is produced by the method of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with = 0.4-0.085. The method reduces energy consumption, simplifies the process of processing worn-out tires, allows obtaining a carbon black of improved quality for its repeated use in the production of rubber compounds.

A disadvantage of this invention is the discontinuity of the production process due to the discrete feeding of the tires to the reactor in its entirety, which leads to a slowing of the heat and mass transfer process during pyrolysis of tires and an increase in energy costs, which affects the quality of the products.

The object of the invention is to create an environmentally friendly method for processing worn-out tires by speeding up and simplifying the process of processing tires into electric power and oil products by intensifying heat and mass transfer in a closed volume with a continuous pyrolysis process, reducing the energy costs of the process and improving the quality of the products obtained.

The task is achieved in that the processing of worn tires is carried out by pre-grinding and then feeding the pulverized mass to a screw pump having a nozzle with spinnerets in which the mass is heated to 550 ° C in the spinneret area and, through pressure sprays, tangentially fed to the top of the reactor With the transfer of the mass to the lower part of the reactor along the inside screw reactor and is subjected to the action of reducing gases for pyrolysis of the mass in the course of transport, as the gaseous petroleum products withdrawn from the reactor, obtained by pyrolysis of the mass, followed by their selection and supply tangentially to the lower part Reactor at excess pressure and at a temperature of 550-800 ° C with their mass ratio of 0.1-0.2: 1, and the remaining part of the gaseous petroleum products formed in the reactor is supplied as fuel to the steam power unit for electricity generation or for further processing In liquid fuel, wherein the solid residue formed as a result of mass processing is treated in the lower part of the reactor located below the reducing gas supply zone with a superheated steam having a temperature of 200-250 ° C and a mass ratio of steam to solid sediment of 1: 1, With the subsequent collection of the treated solid sediment in an air-cooled hopper to separate the precipitate into fractions, the air cooling the hopper being fed to the steam power plant, and the resulting solid sediment fractions are fed for further processing.

The grinding of the tires and the supply of ground pulverized and heated to 550 ° C by a screw pump through the spinnerets leads to a dramatic increase in the surface of the mass fed to the reactor, with a significant reduction in energy consumption to obtain an increased surface for heat and mass transfer during pyrolysis in the reactor. In addition, such a method of feeding the mass to the reactor results in sealing the internal volume of the reactor and eliminating harmful emissions into the atmosphere from the reactor. Tangential feeding of the mass to the reactor while moving it along the screw tray substantially increases the mass path along the reactor, which leads to an improvement in heat and mass transfer between the mass and the reducing gases (the angle of tangential mass input to the reactor and the angle of inclination of the tray screws / pitch of the turns) are know-how. The elimination of the adhesion of the mass to the tray is ensured by the supply of a gas lubricant between the surface of the tray and the moving mass, which is know-how. To improve the quality of carbon black (carbon black) at the end of pyrolysis of the mass, superheated steam is supplied at a temperature of 200-250 ° C at a mass ratio of steam to solid sediment equal to 1: 1. The limits of the relationship are determined experimentally. As reducing gases, gaseous petroleum products derived from the reactor, obtained as a result of pyrolysis of the mass, are used. The reducing gases are fed tangentially to the lower part of the reactor under excess pressure and at a temperature of 550-800 ° C. Thus, there are two counterflows inside the reactor: a mass moving down the inclined trays and a swirling flow of the reducing gas moving upwards, which positively affects the solution of the task. In this case, only with the stated set of essential features and the claimed ratio is achieved the maximum efficiency of the pyrolysis process. The limits of the ratio of the reducing gas to the processed mass and the temperature range are determined experimentally.

As a result of pyrolysis, a mixture of fumes of gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, vacuum and heavy gas oil is obtained, the chemical composition of C 4 -C 28 is 99%, i.e. In the composition of the reducing gas there is methane, hydrogen, unsaturated hydrocarbons from ethylene to butylene, CO, CO 8 , water vapor and other gases from the pyrolysis reaction.

Hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbons react at temperatures above 500 ° C with hydrocarbon compounds contained in the processed mass, forming complex low-boiling fractions and hydrocarbon gases from ethane to butane.

METHOD OF PROCESSING OF WEARED TIRES AND OTHER RUBBER-TIRE PRODUCTS

The reaction products are rapidly removed from the surface of the mass due to the difference in partial pressure on the surface of the mass and the reducing gas, which accelerates the pyrolysis process. The supply of steam in a ratio of 1: 1 to the solid sediment makes it possible to remove from the surface a solid sediment containing mainly soot and mineral impurities, hydrocarbon residues, and allows the use of carbon black (carbon black) in rubber mixtures, using simultaneously solid minerals (oxide Zinc, chalk, etc.), in addition, superheated water vapor entering the reactor cools the solid sediment and, warming, returns heat to the pyrolysis zone, increasing the thermal efficiency of the process.

A mixture of gaseous petroleum products as a high-quality boiler fuel is burned in a steam power plant to generate electricity. Thus, the process of tire recycling takes place in a closed volume without emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, and the final products obtained after tire recycling - electric power and carbon black, returned to the new production of rubber products and tires, is environmentally friendly.

The claimed method is explained by the scheme, where 1 is a tire shredder, 2 is a screw pump with a heating jacket, 3 is a die, 4 is a reactor, 5 is a screw tray, 6 is a pipeline of reducing gases, 7 is a pipeline for removing gaseous petroleum products from the reactor, Installation, 9 - the steam supply line to the solid residue, 10 - the solid residue bin, 11 - the blower, 12 - the cooling air supply line to the hopper 10, 13 - the hot air supply duct from the hopper 10 to the steam power plant 8.

METHOD OF PROCESSING OF WEARED TIRES IS CARRIED OUT AS FOLLOWING

Worn tires are fed to the chopper 1, and then to the screw pump 2 with a nozzle with spinnerets. The mass as it moves to the spinnerets 3 (in the spinneret zone) is heated to 550 ° C and forced through the spinnerets into the reactor 4. The mass enters the spiral tray 5 tangentially and along the tray 5 it slides down to the bottom of the reactor 4. As it moves down the chute 5 The mass is exposed to the counterflow of reducing gases that are fed to the reactor 4 tangentially under excess pressure and at a temperature of 550-800 ° C. via a line 6 located at the bottom of the reactor. Pyrolysis is carried out at a mass ratio of the reducing gases to the rolled mass, respectively, 0.1-0.2: 1. As the reducing gases, a mixture of gaseous petroleum products formed in the reactor 4 as a result of pyrolysis of the processed mass is used. This mixture from the upper part of the reactor 4 through the pipeline 7 is fed to the lower part of the reactor 4 into the pipeline 6. The remaining part of the gaseous petroleum products is supplied as fuel to the steam power unit 8 for generating electricity or for further processing into liquid fuel.

The solid precipitate is collected at the bottom of the reactor 4, treated with superheated steam at a temperature of 200-250 ° C and a mass ratio of steam to solid sediment of 1: 1. The steam is fed to the reactor 4 into the zone below the reducing gas supply line 6 through the conduit 9. From the bottom of the reactor 4, the solid precipitate is collected in the hopper 10. The hopper 10 is air-cooled by the blower 11 through the conduit 12. The heated air is piped through the conduit 13 to the steam power plant 8.

Experimental verification of this method showed that only 8-12% of the volume of the processed weight of the carbonaceous product, about 8% of the solid impurities (fiber) and about 80% of the oil products are obtained only with the stated set of essential characteristics.

During the subsequent processing into liquid fuel along with light oil products only vacuum and heavy gas containing alkanes and a small amount of polyaromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons are formed. The low sulfur content makes it possible to use either the whole liquid product or a mixture of fractions with T to over 350 ° C as a high-quality fuel oil (sulfur content less than 1%). At the same time heavy fractions with T to over 350 ° C are very valuable raw materials for further processing and obtaining more valuable chemical products. The gaseous product is mainly a mixture of methane, propane, butane and can be used for both combustion and production of liquefied gas (propane-butane).

As a result of the processing of a mixture of gaseous petroleum products obtained as a result of the processing of worn-out tires, the following are obtained:

Liquid Carbons 58-62%

Gaseous Carbon 7-10%

Heavy fractions are 31-32%.

Chemical composition, (mass%):

Hydrocarbons C 6 -C 25 99.1-99.3

Sulfur is less than 0.7-0.9.

When burning gaseous petroleum products formed in the reactor during the processing of worn-out tires, 4,000 kW of electric power are produced from 1 ton of worn-out tires in a steam power unit for generating electricity at a consumption of 200 g per 1 kW of electricity.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is explained by the table and examples.

EXAMPLE 1 The process sequence is described above.

The pyrolysis process is carried out at a mass ratio of the ground tire mass to the mass of the reducing gases of 1: 0.05 and at a reducing gas temperature of 400 ° C.

Examples 2, 3, 4. The process sequence is described above.

The pyrolysis process is carried out at minimum, average and maximum values ​​of the mass ratio of crushed tires to reducing gases and the temperature of the reducing gases.

EXAMPLE 5 The sequence of the process is described above.

The pyrolysis process is carried out when the mass of crushed tires is reduced to the reducing gases at a temperature of reducing gases of 1000 ° C for the maximum values ​​of the claimed mass ratio.

At a temperature in the zone of spinnerets 550 ° C, the total energy consumption for heating the mass and its supply by a screw pump through the spinnerets to the reactor are minimal. A decrease in temperature to 400 ° C in the area of ​​the spinnerets leads to a sharp increase in the energy consumption for feeding the mass to the reactor and forcing it through the spinnerets. An increase in temperature to 750 ° C leads to a disruption in the process due to the depressurization of the internal cavity of the reactor and the breakthrough of gases into the atmosphere through a screw pump.

When water vapor is applied in a ratio by mass to a solid precipitate of 1: 1 and its temperature of 200-250 ° C, the most efficient removal of hydrocarbons from the sediment occurs and the optimum vapor additive to the reducing gases. Deviation of these parameters in one direction or another worsens the technological process inside the reactor and considerably worsens the process energy and the quality of the sediment.

Thus, the proposed method for processing worn-out tires is an environmentally friendly method of eliminating environmental pollution from worn-out tires while reducing energy costs in the production of cheap electricity or liquid fuels. At the same time, the whole mass of worn out tires turns into a useful product and, compared with the prototype, reduces energy consumption by about three times, while accelerating the process at least three times.

CLAIM

The method for processing the worn tires is carried out by pre-grinding and then feeding the pulverized mass to a screw pump having a nozzle with spinnerets in which the mass is heated to 550 ° C in the spinneret area and, through pressure spinnerets, tangentially fed to the upper part of the reactor, Part of the reactor along the inside of the reactor screw tray and subjected to the action of reducing gases for pyrolysis of the mass, in which the gaseous petroleum products obtained from the pyrolysis of the mass are withdrawn from the reactor, followed by their selection and supply tangentially to the lower part of the reactor under excess pressure And at a temperature of 550-800 ° C with a weight ratio of 0.1-0.2: 1, and the remainder of the gaseous petroleum products formed in the reactor are fed as a fuel to a steam power unit for generating electricity or for further processing into liquid fuel, The solid sediment formed as a result of mass processing is treated in the lower part of the reactor located below the reducing gas supply zone with superheated steam at a temperature of 200-250 ° C and a mass ratio of steam to solid sediment of 1: 1, followed by collection of the treated solid in the cooled Air hopper for separating the precipitate into fractions, the air cooling the hopper being fed to the steam power plant and the resulting fractions of the solid sediment being fed for further processing.

print version
Date of publication 12.12.2006gg