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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2276622

LINE FOR RECYCLING PRODUCTS TYPE ACID BATTERY

LINE FOR RECYCLING PRODUCTS TYPE ACID BATTERY

Name of the inventor: Isakov Alexander (RU); Denisov Alexander
The name of the patentee: "NPP-IRIS" (RU); Isakov Alexander (RU); Denisov Alexander
Address for correspondence: 394028, Voronezh, st. Dimitrova, 124, korp.5, "NPP-IRIS"
Starting date of the patent: 2003.07.15

The invention relates to a relatively new art - methods and apparatuses for disposal of industrial waste products and articles in general the type of battery in particular. Line for recycling of the acid battery type of products includes a receiver products for pre-destruction with drain acid transport mechanism destroyed products to mills in the form of a conveyor with separator object of magnetic steel mill and plant for hydrodynamic separation fractions of recyclable products in the form of a washing chamber with nozzles for feeding washing fluid under pressure, fixed to the frame-Vibrating sieve for the separation of lead paste and solids move past. Receiver products for pre-breaking is in the form of a funnel-shaped hopper with a tapering orifice in which are arranged rotating saw blades mounted from one another and from the neck wall at distances smaller than the smallest dimensional size of the product, the shaft and disk drive placed outside of the neck, and transport mechanism to the crusher product formed as a granulator equipped Discharger, conveying articles on the conveyor of a magnetic separator subjects steels. In the apparatus for hydrodynamic separation on the sieve frame is additionally installed tilted to the side tray and tilted up and to the side table with boards, connected by one common vibratory drive, the table is made with the washing chamber and the parallel bars, fixed longitudinally and forming corridors for the movement of heavy ends with possibility of stripping the beginning corridors through the fluid jets from the nozzles in the water separation tank installed with the installation of the front, but also with the possibility of dropping the lead end vibrotransportom corridors in the collection of pure metal, a tank provided with mechanisms removes floating lighter fractions in a single container, sinking light fraction - in another. The technical result - improved performance, environmental friendliness, but also to obtain high quality products.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a relatively new art - methods and apparatuses for disposal of industrial waste products and articles in general the type of battery in particular.

Disposal of products of human activity is becoming more of a problem of modern life in the following main reasons. The first - the desire to reuse their constituent materials; the second - the deteriorating environmental situation on the planet, which gradually becomes clogged with all sorts of waste, including scrap batteries and similar products.

Battery - the inevitable short-lived and part of modern cars with a combustion engine. The number of these batteries is several times the car park and the tens of millions of units only in Russia. In addition to automobile, there are many industrial batteries, the total mass is slightly less than the total weight of the car. Thus, the disposal of batteries - the problem of the world and many countries are in need of such equipment.

It should be noted that the type of electrolyte batteries are acidic - they are the majority - and alkali. Methods and recycling systems for them are very different, so we emphasize that further it will go only about acid batteries.

Battery - complex in composition the product it contains as metal components (lead and its oxides, steel and others.) And non-metallic (plastic outer shell, inside acid, etc.). And recycling division into components is a major technical challenge.

Known line for recycling products such as acid battery, which includes a receiver products for pre-destruction with drain acid transport mechanism destroyed products to mills in the form of a conveyor with separator object of magnetic steel mill and plant for hydrodynamic separation fractions of recyclable products in the form of a washing chamber with nozzles for supplying washing liquid under pressure mounted on the screen frame - Vibrating separating lead paste of solids and moving past (see SciTecLibrary, «plant-based complex CX systems for the processing of 20000 tonnes per year of lead-acid batteries", publ.. 17.04.2002), which is the closest analogue to the proposed line of the set of attributes and purpose, and taken as a prototype.

Receiver products for the preliminary destruction of products with outlet acid is a deep pit, into which unload trucks brought scrap acid batteries with a height of 5-6 m, why they are broken down, and the acid on the inclined bottom of the pit drains into a special tank. But, in spite of the considerable height of the fall and the great mass of dumped products, part of the battery is not destroyed (especially if they are few or last fall), which complicates the subsequent process. To get to the mill, the product passes through the intermediate receiver and a number of magnetic steel transport mechanisms subjects branch. The same is complicated and installation for hydrodynamic separation, which consists of a large number of devices placed in series, capacitances and transmission mechanisms. All of the above - described disadvantages of the prototype line.

The purpose of the present invention - the creation of the line for recycling the acid battery type of product, which is guaranteed to 100% destruction of the products, has a compact, simple in design, inexpensive to manufacture, reliable in operation and gave high quality products.

This object is achieved in that the product receiver prior destruction designed as a funnel-shaped hopper with a tapering orifice in which are arranged rotating saw blades mounted from one another and from the neck wall at distances smaller than the smallest dimensional size of the product, with the shaft and the drive disk placed outside the mouth, and the mechanism of transport of products to the crusher configured as a granulator equipped Discharger, conveying articles on the conveyor with the separator items of magnetic steel, while in the apparatus for hydrodynamic separation to the frame sieves mounted inclined laterally tray and sloping upwards and sideways table boards, associated with one common vibratory drive, the table is adapted to wash the chamber and parallel strips, fixed longitudinally and forming passages for the motion of the heavy fraction, with the possibility of stripping the beginning corridors through the fluid jets from the nozzles to the tank water separator mounted installation of the front, but also with the possibility of dropping lead at the end of vibrotransportom corridors in the collection of pure metal, the tank is equipped with a mechanism, remove floating light fractions in a single container, sinking light fractions - to another.

Details lines interacting with an acid or the washing solution, are made of resistant material or are provided with resistant coatings.

In line hopper formed with a vertical receiving window closed by a flexible curtain, hinged inside the hopper loadable articles, and is provided at the top of a suction device, the discharging dust and gases through the filter system, and each saw blade in the hopper is designed as a circular plate having equally spaced on sampling rim forming acute angles with the tangent to the disk.

In line farthest ends of the parallel bars are rounded and are mounted at different distances from the entrance on a table, away from the entrance to the table to the far end of the strap increases with decreasing horizontal level location strip on the table, while between the lower board table and the distal end face of the bottom strap set valve to shut off movement of light ends and nozzles in the washing chamber arranged in several rows along and across the direction of movement of factions, with the possibility of adjusting the angle of the direction of the jets, the vibratory drive of the frame is provided with a variator for adjusting the oscillation frequency and eccentric mechanism for adjusting the amplitude of the oscillations, and the screen, tray table and fitted separately, for example, a screw mechanism for adjusting the inclination angles in two planes.

Declared line schematically shown in Figures 1-5:

LINE FOR RECYCLING PRODUCTS TYPE ACID BATTERY

Figure 1 - a schematic diagram of the line (Front general view); Figure 2 (1) - A tension load on the blade rim.

3, 4, 5 - a diagram of part-line installation for hydrodynamic separation and its docking with a granulator made on a larger scale.

  • 3 - front view;
  • 4 - view from above B (3);
  • 5 - In view of the right (Figure 1).

The composition of the line (1) the following: 1 receiver products for pre-failure battery, tank 2 for collecting acid, 3 Discharger for dosed discharge of destroyed items, the carrier 4 to move them to the crushing, having separator items from the magnetic steel in the container 5, Crusher 6, designed as a granulator, setting 7 for hydrodynamic separation of recyclable fractions of products, a tank 8 for collecting lead paste.

The receiver 1 is designed as a product hopper with the receiving funnel, and a tapered neck window in which are arranged rotating saw blades 9 - 2 (for example, thin disc cutters) are mounted apart from the neck and walls on the "A" distances smaller than the smallest dimensional size of the product. Val and ROM drive are located outside of the neck. Each saw blade is designed as a circular plate having equally spaced around the rim sample "a", forming acute angles with the tangent to the disc (such embodiment allows to use the disc after the wear of sharp corners on one side "a" samples, removing the drive from the shaft and again I put on the other end).

Depending on the mode of transport, supplying the receiver battery 1, its reception window can be either horizontal (vertical boot - a crane, hoist, etc.) or vertical (when filing an inclined - conveyor, conveyor etc ). or inclined (in all types of transport service). From an environmental point of view of safety of other vertical reception window (shown in Figure 1), because it is possible to close the flexible curtain (for example, rubber bands), flip into the hopper by the downloadable products, and at the top of the receiver 1 to provide a suction device (eg, a fan), diverting dust and gases from the receiver through the filter system.

Bak 2 - a collection of acid - placed under the neck. In the space between the neck of the receiver 1 and the tank 2 is introduced initial part Vibrorazgruzchiki 3, the host falling on it destroyed the battery and taking out them for limits of the receiver.

The apparatus 3 transmits the product on the conveyor 4, whose purpose - not just to bring them to a granulator 6, but isolated from the stream of objects from magnetic steel and remove the tank 5, which is carried by a magnetic separator.

6 granulator is used for grinding of products into pieces - granules whose dimensions do not exceed the quantities specified and defined structures of the machine.

Installation 7 is first separated from exiting the pelletizer 6 lead paste mass, and then divide the remaining solid fraction into individual components. To simplify entering the mass of the granulator 6 7 installation, the receiving window of the last is directly under the rotor granulator, but the main part - beyond. Detachable lead paste falls into the tank 8.

Installation 7 (3, 4, 5) comprises a platform 10 and placed on it a movable frame 11 with a vibratory drive motor 12, a variator 13 to adjust the oscillation frequency and the eccentric mechanism 14 for adjusting the oscillation amplitude. The frame 11 mounted sieve series 15, 16 and the tray table 17, two closed casings 18 and washing chamber 19 with nozzles 20 for feeding the wash liquid under pressure through the longitudinal conduits 21 and 22. The transverse sieve 15, the tray 16, the table 17 are provided with separate regulators For example, screw 23, the tilt angles in two projections. Strainer 15 is used to separate the liquid and solid fractions of lead paste, which percolates through the sieve openings 15 into the tank 8. The working surface of the screen 15 is horizontal or inclined at an angle of 2 ° in either direction. The tray 16 is inclined laterally at an angle up to 5 °. Table 17 boards tilted sideways and upwards, on its surface longitudinally arranged parallel strips 24 (of 8-10 pieces), the corridors "to" between them under the influence of vibration (this is vibrotransport) move solid fractions. The farthest ends of the strips 24 are rounded and are attached at different distances from the entrance on the table 17 - the distance "R" from the entrance on the table 17 to the distal end of the strap 24 increases with decreasing horizontal level plank 24 arranged on the table 17, and between the bottom flange and the distal end lowest plank is installed damper 25, cuts off the movement of light fractions to the lowest corridor. The nozzles 20 in the chambers 18 and 19 are arranged in several rows (3 and 4 for simplification of the nozzle 20 are shown in a row) along (at longitudinal conduits 21) and transversely (in the cross 22) driving directions fractions directing jets at different adjustable angles.

On a right (1) is placed (5) 26 water separation tank provided with a mechanism for removal of separated light in tank 26 (mechanism 27) and heavy (mechanism 28) fractions, but also for their capacity (capacity can be a tipper body) and to lead.

As the washing liquid used with recirculated water and specially formulated solution.

Details lines interacting with an acid or the washing solution, are made of resistant material or are provided with resistant coatings.

To protect staff line, it maximally closed, sealed and provided with suctions working areas with the highest number of noxious fumes and gases. These sites are the receiver 1, a tank 2 with an acid Discharger 3, the conveyor 4 granulator 6, 8 with the paste tank.

LINE WORKS AS FOLLOWS

Pre-actuators include all mechanisms, devices and equipment lines.

Recycled scrap acid battery type of product charged into the receiver 1, where products come on a continuously rotating saw blades, captured them, they are drawn into the neck, and passing it, cut discs. Battered Discharger batteries fall to 3 which transfers them onto the conveyor 4 that delivers the products to the granulator 6. Multiple holes or mesh in the bearing device elements 3 provide unobstructed drainage acid transporter tank 2. The magnetic separator 4 separates the objects from magnetic steel and resets the tank 5.

In the granulator 6 occurs batteries crushing, grinding weight of granules falling into the receiving installation window 7, where under the influence of washing liquid lead paste is separated into the tank 8.

The granules are exposed on all sides by washing on a sieve 15, through which holes paste out into the tank. Remain on the sieve 15 vibrotransportom numerous solids were moved laterally tilted at tray 16 in which they slide by gravity toward the slope (as indicated by arcuate arrows in Figure 4) to the bottom board, wherein the lead heavy fraction are at the bottom and other light - from above.

The same vibrotransport delivers all the solid fraction on the table 17, where they are exposed to still fluid jets. Under this dual (vibrotransporta and jets) the impact of the heavy fraction are moved along the corridors between the slats 24.

Due to the large sail light fractions (their share is close to the specific weight of water) is removed by jets of liquid in the tank 26 with water. Those fractions that are lighter than water (polypropylene), float on the surface, those that are a little harder it (PVC) - sink. The tank 26 is provided with mechanisms 27 and 28 scrapers or the screw type, floating removing light fractions in a single container, and sinking - to another.

Since the heavy fractions have a small sail, is not carried away by the jets of washing liquid: having more mass and kinetic energy, they continue to move on the table vibrotransportom and removed in the collection of pure metal (lead).

The process of recycling products such as battery acid in the proposed lines are very productive, eco-friendly and provides high-quality products.

Voronezh Research and Production Enterprise "NPP - IRIS" developed working drawings CRAB model line. The prototype was made, which showed excellent results on the tests. Currently, "NPP - IRIS" is the serial production lines in Voronezh.

Re-use of components of acid batteries and similar products will bring tangible benefits to the economy of the country and improve the environment.

CLAIM

1. Line for recycling of products such as battery acid, comprising a receiver products for pre-destruction with drain acid transport mechanism ruined mill products to a conveyor with items from the magnetic separator steel mill and plant for hydrodynamic separation of recyclable fractions of products in the form of a washing chamber nozzles for supplying washing liquid under pressure, fixed to the sieve-Vibrating frame to separate the lead paste of solids and displacement of the latter, characterized in that the product receiver prior destruction designed as a funnel-shaped hopper with a tapering orifice in which are arranged rotating saw blades, assembled from one another and from the neck wall at distances smaller than the smallest dimensional size of the product, with the shaft and drive discs are placed outside the mouth, and a transport mechanism products to the crusher configured as a granulator equipped Discharger, conveying articles on the conveyor with the separator items of magnetic steel, while in the apparatus for hydrodynamic separation to the frame sieves is additionally installed tilted sideways tray and tilted upward and sideways table with sides connected by one common vibratory drive, the table is adapted to wash the chamber and parallel strips, fixed longitudinally and forming passages for movement heavy ends, with the possibility of stripping the beginning corridors through the fluid jets from the nozzles in the water separation tank installed with the installation of the front, but also with the possibility of dropping the lead end vibrotransportom corridors in the collection of pure metal, a tank provided with mechanisms removes floating lighter fraction in one container sinking light fraction - in another.

2. Line according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts interacting with the acid or the washing solution, are made of resistant material or are provided with resistant coatings.

3. Line according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hopper is formed with a vertical receiving window closed by a flexible curtain, hopper loaded into the flip-products, and is provided at the top of a suction device and the discharging gases through dust filter system, and each saw disk in the hopper is designed as a circular plate having equally spaced sampling on the rim, forming acute angles with the tangent to the disk.

4. The line according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the long strips parallel rounded ends and are mounted at different distances from the entrance to the table, the distance from the entrance to the far end of the table strap increases with decreasing level horizontal strips on the table arrangement when that between the lower board table and the distal end face of the bottom slats installed valve to shut off movement of light ends and nozzles in the washing chamber arranged in several rows along and across the direction of movement of factions, with the possibility of adjusting the angle of the direction of the jet, and the frame vibratory drive is equipped with a variator to adjust the frequency vibrations and eccentric mechanism for adjusting the oscillation amplitude, and a sieve tray, and separately provided with a table, for example, a screw mechanism for adjusting the inclination angles in two planes

print version
Publication date 19.02.2007gg