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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE, CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTES
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2198348

OVEN FOR LIQUID, GAS AND SOLID WASTE INJECTION

OVEN FOR LIQUID, GAS AND SOLID WASTE INJECTION

The name of the inventor: Shchegoleva GA; Pimkin VG; Rodenko VV; Artamonov DG; Aleksandrova TV; Kuleshov AP; Laskin, B.M.
The name of the patent holder: Russian Research Center "Applied Chemistry"
Address for correspondence: 197198, St. Petersburg, Dobrolyubova Ave., 14, Russian Research Center "Applied Chemistry", Patent Department
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.08.04

The invention relates to devices for the firing of industrial liquid, gaseous and solid wastes and can be used in the chemical and other industries. The furnace for burning liquid, gaseous and solid waste has a cylindrical body enclosed in a casing, pipelines for supplying burnt waste and air, made in the form of tangential inputs, an air supply chamber installed between the wall of the furnace body and a casing made in the form of a tube, a perforated surface Which turns into corrugated. The ratio of the length of the corrugated surface to the length of the perforated surface is not less than 0.2, and the total surface area of ​​the surface perforation holes is not less than 1.2 times the flow area of ​​the perforated pipeline. The pipes for supplying the incinerated waste, the main and additional air are arranged coaxially with respect to each other and coaxially with the air supply chamber and are connected to each other by several radial plates evenly distributed in a circle, the pipeline for additional air supply being connected to the air supply chamber through a tapered valve with an adjustable Gap. The technical result: increasing the efficiency of burning liquid, gaseous and solid wastes, increasing the service life of the furnace.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The furnace belongs to the devices of fire neutralization of industrial liquid, gaseous and solid wastes and can be used in chemical and other industries.

A cyclone furnace is known (USSR Authorship 488619, B 04 C 5/181, published 20.01.76), which includes a refractory shell with inlet and outlet nozzles, a conical bottom and a hopper, a refractory partition is formed on the conical bottom, forming a spiral channel, Into the outlet pipe.

This cyclone furnace allows to provide high-temperature processes of dust collection and temperature treatment. But this design has drawbacks: a specific purpose, as it relates to devices for catching high-temperature dust and its heat treatment and is not intended to neutralize liquid and gaseous waste.

A cyclone furnace is known (author of the USSR Press, 636451, F 23 G 7/04, published December 10, 1978), comprising a cylindrical body with a conical bottom, a central breech for the discharge of the melt and a lid, a tangential branch for the supply of high-temperature gases and a partition forming inside A cyclone furnace, a spiral passage leading to an outlet for venting gases, devices for introducing solid waste and additives placed on the furnace cover, devices for introducing liquid waste that are installed tangentially to the body and located in the course of high temperature gases, and the partition is provided with a cooling jacket and It is installed with a clearance to the conical bottom, and the inner surface of the partition is made with a lining.

This cyclone furnace makes it possible to increase the efficiency of neutralizing waste containing organic and mineral impurities.

A cyclone furnace for the incineration of liquid waste is known (VI Filippov, MV Sumarokov "Thermal methods for treating and destroying liquid combustible wastes of industrial enterprises." M., Stroyizdat, 1976, p. 5), including a vertical steel case made In the form of a retort, outside fenced with a metal casing, a bundle of burners for air and waste.

This cyclone furnace allows to increase the efficiency of neutralization of liquid combustible industrial wastes.

These constructions have disadvantages:

- complexity of the design;

- high cost;

- Liquid waste is sprayed before injecting into the combustion chamber with injectors, therefore, to avoid blockage of the injectors, the liquid waste must be thoroughly cleaned, and in the winter, when the waste is thickened, their thorough cleaning before the nozzles is generally not feasible.

A furnace for burning solid, liquid and gaseous wastes is known (AP Titov, GP Bespamyatnov "Industrial waste disposal" M., Stroiizdat, 1980, p. 47), which is closest to the technical solution and accepted For the prototype.

The furnace for burning liquid and gaseous wastes consists of a cylindrical body encased in a casing, pipelines located in the upper, middle and lower zones of the furnace, for supplying liquid and gaseous waste and air, while the days of increasing turbulence the pipelines are made in the form of tangential inlets. In the lower part of the furnace, a nozzle is installed on the pipeline for the supply of waste, where liquid wastes are dispersed into small droplets by an air stream delivered at a speed of 70-80 m / s. Before the nozzle is installed a gate in the form of a plate that overlies the passage section of the nozzle, and serves to regulate the flow of air supplied to the furnace chamber.

Additional turbulence and recirculation of the gas flow is provided by supplying air to the furnace through a pipeline located in the upper part of the furnace opposite to the direction of the air flows in the first two entrances.

This furnace for burning liquid and gaseous waste has the following drawbacks:

- when burning waste, when the combustion air consumption is required, the speed of its movement along feed paths with unchanged geometry decreases, which inevitably leads to a deterioration in the dispersion of liquid waste and, consequently, to incomplete combustion,

- the gate is subject to clogging, jamming, distortions, and does not allow to regulate the air flow with accuracy, which ensures optimization of the combustion process, which leads to the formation in the furnace lining of deep depressions (up to 100 mm) and to deterioration of heat and mass transfer processes in the furnace;

Complexity of the design.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of burning liquid, gaseous and solid waste, and to extend the life of the furnace.

The technical essence of the claimed invention is that a furnace for burning liquid, gaseous and solid waste is proposed, which includes: a cylindrical body enclosed in a cylindrical casing; Pipelines for supply of incinerated waste and air, made in the form of tangential inputs; An air supply chamber installed between the wall of the furnace body and the casing in the form of a tube whose perforated surface becomes corrugated, the ratio of the length of the corrugated surface to the length of the perforated surface is not less than 0.2 and the total area of ​​the perforated surface holes is at least 1, 2 the area of ​​the flow-through section of the perforated pipeline.

The pipes for supplying the incinerated waste, the main and additional air are arranged coaxially with respect to each other and coaxially with the air supply chamber and are connected to each other by several radial plates evenly distributed in a circle, the pipeline for additional air supply being connected to the air supply chamber through a tapered valve with an adjustable Gap.

Such a constructive solution allows:

Provide the required supply rate of the main air, which is the best for crushing liquid waste for complete combustion, regardless of the type of waste to be decontaminated under a corresponding pressure drop;

- to provide a regulated air supply autonomously for each input required for complete combustion of each type of detoxified waste, thereby optimizing the combustion process;

- the air supply device to work without blockages, distortions, jams;

- Increase the service life of the furnace.

The furnace for burning liquid, gaseous and solid wastes is shown in the drawing.

The furnace includes: a refractory cylindrical wall of the furnace 1 enclosed in a casing 2 in which an air supply chamber 3 is provided in the space between which is provided a tube, the perforated surface 4 of which is transformed into a corrugated 5, the total area of ​​the perforation holes being not less than 1.2 square meters Of the perforated pipeline section, and the ratio of the length of the corrugated surface to the length of the perforated surface is not less than 0.2.

Pipelines for supplying incinerated waste 6, main 7 and additional 8 air are arranged coaxially with respect to each other and are connected to each other by radial plates 9, 10, 11, 12 evenly distributed in a circle. The conduit for additional air supply 8 is connected to the air supply chamber 3 through an annular cone-shaped valve 13 with an adjustable gap 14 formed by the inner wall of the conduit 8 and the outer wall of the annular cone-shaped valve 13.

On the wall of the casing of the furnace 2, the air supply chamber 3 is fixed by means of a threaded sleeve 15 with a gap adjuster 16 on its outer surface and a gap 17 formed by the ends of the waste supply lines 6 and 7 for supplying the main part of the air.

The furnace for burning liquid, gaseous and solid waste operates as follows. Air is supplied to the air supply chamber, with a portion of the flow flowing at a constant flow through the perforated wall of the annular cone-shaped valve 13 and directed to the main air supply line 7, while its area provides an optimum and constant in time airflow rate necessary for the best dispersion of the liquid Waste.

In the pipeline for additional air supply 8, another part of the air flows through the adjustable clearance 14. The size of the gap is changed by means of the clearance regulator 16 and allows additional supply of air for combustion.

The feed rate of the main air remains constant regardless of the change in the supply of additional combustion air. To adjust the position of the flame front, it is possible to modify the gap 17 by axial displacement of the waste pipe 6.

As a result of this organization of air and waste to the furnace chamber, heat and mass transfer improves, the combustion process accelerates, which leads to a sharp intensification of the oxidation of incomplete combustion products, and there is no need for additional turbulence and recirculation of the gas stream.

The proposed furnace was created in RSC "Applied Chemistry" and has the following technical indicators:

- the temperature in the combustion zone is 1500-1600 K;

- temperature of combustion products at the exit from the furnace - 1200-1300 o C;

- capacity for liquid waste - 200 l / h;

- The thermal stress of the furnace chamber is 6.5 · 16 6 kcal / m 3 · h.

In the furnace incinerated waste containing NH 3 , H 2 S, acetone, etc.

The results are shown in Table. 12.

As can be seen from the results presented in the tables, the furnace ensures complete combustion of the waste to be decontaminated.

CLAIM

A furnace for burning liquid, gaseous and solid wastes, including a cylindrical body enclosed in a casing, pipelines for supplying incinerated waste and air, made in the form of tangential inputs, characterized in that a chamber for supplying a part of the air is provided between the wall of the furnace casing and the casing The type of pipe whose perforated surface is corrugated, the ratio of the length of the corrugated surface to the length of the perforated surface is not less than 0.2, and the total area of ​​the perforated surface holes is not less than 1.2 times the flow area of ​​the perforated pipeline, pipelines for supply of main and additional air Arranged coaxially with respect to each other and coaxial with the air supply chamber, are connected to each other by radial plates evenly distributed in a circle, the conduit for additional air supply being connected to the air supply chamber through an annular cone-shaped valve with adjustable clearance.

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Publication date 20.02.2007gg