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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2281311

Method of disposal of mercury-containing fluorescent lamps

Method of disposal of mercury-containing fluorescent lamps

Name of the inventor: Eugene B. Trunin (RU); Rodionov Sergey Viktorovich (RU); Mamushkin Alexander A. (RU)
The name of the patentee: Mamushkin Alexander A. (RU); Rodionov Sergey Viktorovich (RU); Trunin Eugene B. (RU)
Address for correspondence: 390005, Ryazan, ul. Tatar, 17, kv.169, EB Trunin
Starting date of the patent: 2004.08.06

The invention can be used in the field of environmental protection. Mercury-containing fluorescent lamps destroy, divided into glass, caps and mercury-containing phosphor in the air stream from the vacuum 10 ÷ 100000 Pa using a vibration in the range 1 ÷ 10000 Hz. Mercury-containing phosphor ground to sizes not greater than 1 mm, is heated in the sealed volume to 600-900 ° C and soaking at 600-700 ° C for at least 30 minutes. Mercury vapor is condensed in the cold trap. In carrying out all the processes provide a double seal. The invention allows for full utilization of fluorescent lamps to metallic mercury, non-ferrous metal, glass raw material and building material, which is returned to production. The mercury content in wastes less than 3 ppm, which is below the sensitivity of modern analytical tools. The method is simple, high-efficiency.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the disposal of toxic waste processes, disposal of mercury-containing equipment and waste, mainly to methods of disposal of mercury-containing fluorescent lamps, demercurisation methods.

There is a method (1 Trachtenberg IM, MN Kite Mercury and its compounds in the environment Kiev. Vyshcha School, 1990 2. Pugachevich PP technique works with mercury in the laboratory M .:. Gostekhizdat g. 142 to 1961. Gamayunov SN 3. RF Patent №2052527 method demercurization fluorescent lamps) demercuration mercury lamps, comprising shredding, washing with water, treatment with chemical reagents, which convert the mercury compound in a low vapor pressure. Compounds are themselves, usually in the waste composition. Such a solution to the issue is inconclusive. Moreover, the problem arises of purifying water mercury compounds used for washing. Mercury compounds, as well as mercury, are increased danger substances. Such a method demercurization mercury returns to the production and reserves in the waste.

There is a method of heat demercurisation mercury-contaminated materials (4 Alpert VA, AI Pikin RF patent №1838440 method thermal demercurisation mercury-contaminated materials and device for its implementation), including the destruction of bulbs, heating materials in a sealed chamber, vacuum distillation vapors mercury capture of mercury vapor in a low-temperature trap. In this method, metallic mercury is collected in the cold traps and after cleaning can be returned to production. Such mercury turnover cycle looks the most feasible. The method is implemented in the installation URL-2M. However, in the implementation of this method has disadvantages that prevent full use of the advantages of the method: 1. Vacuum technology is not suited to the processing of dirty, broken lamps to processing humid waste in waste plastics containing, as the vacuum system is out of order both the water and by heating the plastics and other materials and components which clog the vacuum system. 2. Vacuum Technology recommends heating to a temperature not exceeding 170 ° C, above which the components of the PCB and compounds pollute the vacuum system, and the most stable mercury compounds such as cinnabar, calomel, sublimate et al., Do not decompose, and mercury is not evaporated completely from demerkurizuemyh materials. In addition, the performance of this technology and equipment is limited, energy-intensive technology, requires the implementation of a large amount of electricity, the use of expensive liquid nitrogen. Such a method has a significant unit cost of disposal.

The closest to the claimed method is a method of disposal of mercury-containing waste (5 N.V.Kosorukova and E.P.Yanin Disposal of waste mercury-containing products:. State and problems in the "Lighting" magazine, in 2002, number 3, str.25- 29), mainly fluorescent lamps is their destruction, separation in a stream of air with the use of vibration on the glass, aluminum caps, mercury-containing phosphor, which are placed in sealed plastic bags, poured cement demerkuriziruyuschim solution (partially translated mercury compounds) and transported to the processing site. This method of disposal of productive, cost effective, allows you to return to the production of aluminum caps and glass, but in this process the mercury is not released from the waste is hazardous if further storage in the composition of the waste and transport.

A method disposal of mercury-containing fluorescent lamps comprising in their destruction, division into cullet, plinths, mercury-containing phosphor in the air stream using vibration, characterized in that the air flow creates suction 100-10000 Pa, using vibration in a range of 1 ... 10,000 Hz , mercury-containing material is ground to sizes not greater than 1 mm, is heated in the sealed volume to a temperature in the range 600-900 ° C, soaking at 600-700 ° C for at least 30 minutes, the mercury vapor is condensed in the cold trap and during all processes provide double sealing.

The essence of the invention consists in that the proposed technical solution (a set of processing operations in the recommended processing conditions) allows for full utilization of mercury-containing waste, devices mainly for fluorescent lamps mercury metal, nonferrous metal, glass raw material and a neutral building material. The proposed technology has the best technical and economic parameters.

Carrying out the separation of components in an air flow with pressure drop 100-10000 Pa separates volatile dust fraction from the solid components of fluorescent lamps, glass and metal caps. When pressure drop of less than 1 mm Hg, the air flow will not take mercury-containing phosphor, and the creation of a vacuum atmosphere 1/10 impractical due to the increase in capacity of ventilation and dust collection and air cleaning. In the case of dilution of more than 0.1 bar (10,000 Pa) with the mercury-containing phosphor is carried away a large amount of glass that does not contain mercury inside. The result is achieved within the specified pressure drop and different specifications of dust entrainment. In principle, the technology will work at high differential pressures, but will increase the power consumption and the filters will fall in larger number stekloothodov which do not contain mercury itself.

Entrainment ratio mercury-containing phosphor and entrained cullet consisting airflow material.

Method of disposal of mercury-containing fluorescent lamps

The table shows that there is no separation at low pressures of broken glass and phosphor as the phosphor and glass cullet and remain in place. And at high differential pressures and separation does not occur, as the broken glass and phosphor and entrained air stream to another place and do not separate. Optimum air flow conditions are within said differential pressure range from 100 Pa to 10000 Pa.

The vibration in the frequency range 1 ... 10,000 Hz ensures the best mixing and separation of the dust fraction. Creating a vibration in said vibration range carried in rotation with the eccentric shaft (for low frequencies) and magnetostriction iron core (at high frequencies). In the specified frequency range of 1 Hz to 10000 dust fraction separation phosphor done quite efficiently. At frequencies less than 1 Hz are not mixed cullet. The work at frequencies over 10,000 Hz could not be implemented due to technical difficulties. Frequency range 1-10,000 Hz selected as the most technically attainable and inexpensive (from the techno-economic considerations).

The selected temperature range is associated with the following phenomena:

1. At temperatures over 300 ° C effectively remove metallic mercury, which has a vapor pressure of 1 atmosphere even at 360 ° C. However, the most stable mercury compounds such as cinnabar, calomel, mercuric chloride, and others., Do not decompose, and mercury does not evaporate entirely of demerkurizuemyh materials. Assays mercury composition materials show that upon heating to temperatures below 600 ° C the mercury compounds are not decomposed and the mercury remains in the materials.

2. At temperatures of 600-900 ° C mercury compounds decompose and mercury is removed from the material completely.

3. Above 900 ° C to heat the material impractical due to higher energy costs and the complexity of the furnace structure.

Mercury-containing material should have sizes less than 1 mm, since the output time of mercury from the material associated with a particle size in the first approximation by the formula

Where L - particle sizes in inches, D - the diffusion coefficient of mercury in the material at a given temperature divided by the square centimeters per second, t - holding time at this temperature in seconds. When failure modes recommended by the mercury-containing lamps material having dimensions less than 1 mm, and such dimensions are the most appropriate for the removal of mercury from the phosphor. For large amounts increases the minimum time the high temperature exposure (in proportion to the square of the particle size). Demercurization particles having sizes more than 1 mm, it leads to deterioration of the economic performance of the increased holding time at high temperatures, and accordingly the cost of electricity and other material costs (maintenance time wages reduce line speed).

Mercury removal process consists of several steps:

decomposition of mercury compounds,

mercury diffusion in the solid particle volume,

evaporation of mercury with the particle surface,

diffusive movement of mercury in the interparticle space,

yield mercury pore volume of mercury-containing waste, the diffusion of mercury into gas,

vapors condense in the trap.

Limiting stage (the slowest on the kinetics of the process), the removal of mercury from a material is the removal of mercury from mercury-containing particulate material.

The holding time is not less than 30 minutes due to the kinetics of removal of impurities. In the absence of exposure to a temperature higher than 600 ° C mercury is not removed. When the holding time of 30 minutes, the mercury is removed completely. Waiting time for more than 30 minutes is impractical because the mercury removal results already achieved and further exposure results in unnecessary costs. The range of 30 minutes at a temperature of 600 ° -700 ° C is associated with the thermal inertia of the furnace and may be less if the volume of data loading, the power of the furnace heaters insulation.

This technology is aimed at the complete disposal of all components.

Double sealing (1 sealing of all components of process equipment, and 2 separate sealing the entire production line from the work area) provides increased safety of the entire process.

To implement the proposed method was created in the company OOO «Avtoeko" in Ryazan experimental production line. The production line consists of the following components and assemblies:

1. The crusher, which is a steel volume with a sealable tube for supplying fluorescent lamps, arranged within a device for the destruction of fluorescent tubes, which is driven by a motor arranged outside.

2. The separator, which ensures the separation of the caps, broken glass and mercury-containing phosphor. The frequency of vibration when the separation is provided an electric motor with an eccentric and is 50 Hz and coordinated with design elements.

3. The cyclone for collecting mercury-containing phosphor.

4. The air purification system comprising filters to absorb dust and charcoal filters aktivirovannyim for absorbing mercury vapor residues.

5. A device for creating a vacuum and airflow, which is a motor with an impeller. The device is configured to create a vacuum of 1000 Pa.

6. Containers for caps, broken glass, phosphor.

7. Oven, which is a sealed volume in which the container can be placed with a phosphor weight of 50 kg. The temperature inside the oven can reach 900 ° C, and is created by electric heaters. The temperature is controlled by a chromel-alumel thermocouple. The furnace includes a trap and a cooling system. Water cooling system has an independent circulation system (radiator, electric, cold trap). Cooling can be combined (water and liquid nitrogen).

8. Control of mercury vapor held device AGP-1.

All units and components are operational and provides the functions of: crushing mercury-containing fluorescent lamps, separation of metal caps of broken glass and the phosphor in the air flow generated by a pressure drop of 1000 Pa at a vibration frequency of 50 Hz and unloading them into separate containers, loading of mercury-containing waste in the sealed oven a cold trap. Traps ensures condensation of mercury vapor released from the liquid collection volume and mercury. Waste have mercury concentrations below acceptable standards and the level of mercury in the environment (at the level of mercury Clarke).

The proposed technology in general and options for its individual stages have been tested and implemented. We carried out analyzes of mercury-containing mass on a mass spectrometer, the JMS 01-BM2 double focusing on 70 contaminants, especially mercury. It was found that in the raw material (phosphor) mercury content of 200 (0.02%) ppm, and after demercurization mercury content was reduced below the sensitivity of the mass spectrometer below 3 ppm (0.0003% lower).

The actual content of residual mercury in demerkurizovannyh waste could not be found due to the restrictions of the sensitivity of modern analytical tools.

Thus, the task of processing mercury-containing wastes using inventive technology has successfully solved the technical and ecological sense.

All components of the mercury-containing appliances can be reused and does not contaminate the environment or high-risk material (mercury) or waste. As a result of the technology we obtain mercury metal, glass, non-ferrous metal scrap and building material. This technology is a high-performance, cost-effective and, apparently, the only one in Russia at the moment is really environmentally friendly. After processing, the technology is required not to occupy the area of ​​industrial sites and landfills, and all components of the waste is returned to production.

CLAIM

A method of recycling mercury-containing fluorescent lamps is their destruction, division into glass, pedestals, mercury-containing phosphor in the air stream using vibration, characterized in that the flow of air creates negative pressure 10-10000 Pa, using a vibration in the range of 1-10,000 Hz, mercury-containing phosphor ground to sizes not greater than 1 mm, is heated in the sealed volume to 600-900 ° C and soaking at a temperature of 600-700 ° C for at least 30 minutes, the mercury vapor is condensed in the cold trap and during all processes provide double sealing.

print version
Publication date 12.12.2006gg