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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2215454
METHOD FOR PAINTING AND NATURAL SINTETICHESKH jewels
Name of applicant: Institute of Experimental mineralogist RAS
Name of the inventor: Balitchi VS .; Balitskaya LV .; Volkov VT
The name of the patentee: Institute of Experimental mineralogist RAS
Address for correspondence: 142432, Moscow region, Noginsk, Chernogolovka, IEM RAS.
Starting date of the patent: 2002.06.18
Designed for use in the jewelry industry for coloring colorless topaz, sapphire and quartz in color from yellow to bright yellow-orange. The method comprises applying to the painted surface of the iron layer and subsequent heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere. The heat treatment is conducted in three stages: heating, soaking and cooling, the heating and cooling rate are at 0,1-5 o C / min, and exposure is carried out at a temperature of 600-1000 o C. provides a stable reproducible paint in a broad spectrum of colors bright yellow to yellow-orange, do not require additional polishing for later use.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to methods of treatment of natural and synthetic gemstones, in particular to methods of dyeing colorless topaz, sapphire and quartz in color from yellow to bright yellow-orange, and may find application in the jewelery industry, especially for gemstones with the most popular color, topaz characteristic called "Imperial", and quartz - "Citrine," and sapphires and coloring in pink reddish-orange color characteristic of more valuable species sapphire entitled "padparadzha".
Topaz dyeing method is known in different colors (blue to dark blue, reddish brown, smoked) under the influence of ionizing radiation with neutrons, high energy electrons and gamma rays, sometimes in combination with a subsequent heat treatment at a temperature of 300-400 o C (see . book: Kurt Nasau "Gemstone Enhansement: History , Science and State of the Art", ( 1994), Butterworth - Heinemann LTD, Oxford , 2nd ed, pp 32-54, pp 187-194).....
However, it does not allow paint topaz in the most valuable for this jewelry stone yellow and orange.
Known method of coloring corundum crystals including orange, according to which the stone surface is applied by spraying iron in metallic form, followed by heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature of 1000-1300 o C for 0.5-2.0 hours. (Patent RU 2036984, Cl. With 30 31/02, A 44 C 17/00, publ. 09.06.95g.).
However, widespread use of this method for dyeing of other jewels limited by high temperature heat treatment, causing, for example, in the case of dyeing topaz, irreversible decomposition of the latter with fluorine and release water and formation of a new phase of fine crystalline - mullite. In addition, many stones, such as quartz, when processed at a high temperature are subjected to fractures due to intense polymorphic transitions and lose quality jewelry.
The invention solves the problem of the development of the technology of staining of a large class of natural and synthetic gemstones, the technical result which is to obtain a stable reproducible paint in a broad spectrum of colors from yellow to bright yellow-orange dye colorless jewelery stones, but also a diverse range of colors in the processing of color gemstones .
Technical result is achieved by a method for dyeing natural and synthetic gemstones, comprising applying to the painted surface of the iron layer followed by heat treatment of them in an oxygen atmosphere, according to the invention the heat treatment is conducted in three stages: heating, soaking and cooling, and heating and cooling are from rate no higher than 5 o C / min, and exposure is carried out at a temperature of 600-1000 o C.
The selected thermal treatment is determined by the fact that at a temperature below 600 o C chemical reaction in a reproducible stable staining jewels yellow does not occur, and above 960 o C in the case of topaz on colored stone surface appear opaque inclusions - the result of its thermal expansion, and in the case of quartz, the latter is subjected to intense fracturing. Limiting the heating and cooling rate of 5 o C / min provides safety integrity any stones, particularly those with highly improved adhesiveness and low thermal conductivity.
For smooth painted surface, requiring no subsequent polishing, deposition of iron films is carried out by RF diode sputtering in an argon plasma.
The most high-quality color is obtained by precipitation of iron films with a thickness of 0.50 to 300 nm.
The most stable and reproducible color is obtained by carrying out exposure to heat treatment for 1-5 hours.
Shutter speed in the heat treatment topaz optimally carried out at a temperature of 600-960 o C.
Shutter speed in the heat treatment of sapphire optimally carried out at a temperature of 600-1000 o C.
Quartz exposure at optimal heat treatment be carried out at a temperature of 600-800 o C.
The color intensity of jewels can be varied by changing the thickness of a sputtered metal, and heat treatment conditions in the claimed range.
example 1
As a way of taking a polished jewel box made of topaz. The precipitation of iron is conducted by film RF diode sputtering in an argon plasma at temperatures from 20 to 300 o C. The pressure was ~ Ar 1 Pa (10 -2 Topp). The film thickness, controlled via the thickness gauge, was 0.5 nm. After deposition, the insert is placed in an electric furnace and heated at a speed of 0.1 o C / min up to 600 o C in an oxygen atmosphere, and then held at this temperature for 5 h and cooled at 5 o C / min to room temperature.
The resulting sample had a uniform pale yellow color and does not require further polishing.
example 2
Same as in Example 1. Only a layer 300 nm thick iron, insertion topaz heated at 5 o C / min up to 960 o C, maintained at this temperature for 3 hours and then cooled at 0.1 o C / min. The resulting sample has a uniform bright orange color and does not require further polishing.
example 3
Same as in Example 1, but the iron layer thickness of 0.4 nm are heated at a rate 0.1 o C / min, in the heat treatment step of holding is conducted at a temperature of 970 o C, and cooling is performed at a speed of 6 o C / min. The result is the insertion of topaz with numerous cracks with a faint yellow color.
example 4
Same as in Example 3, but the iron layer thickness is 300 nm, the heating rate of 6 o C / min, holding temperature 500 o C, the rate of cooling 0.05 o C / min. The result is a colorless highly fractured sample unsuitable for use as a jewelry insert.
example 5
Same as in Example 2, but the thickness of the deposited iron layer is 320 nm. The result is a pattern of bright orange color with a distinct opalestsensiey, making it of little use for use in jewelry.
example 6
Inserts jeweler from pink sapphire coated with a layer of iron by RF diode sputtering in an argon plasma at room temperature. The film thickness, controlled via the gauge is 50 nm. After deposition, the insert is placed in an electric furnace and heated at 5 o C / min to 900 o C in an oxygen atmosphere, and then held at this temperature for 2 hours and cooled at a rate of 3 o C / min to room temperature. The sample has a uniform reddish-orange color, similar to the one of the most valuable varieties of sapphire-padparadzha.
example 7
Same as in Example 6, only the sample is heated at 5 o C / min up to 1000 o C. The resulting sample has a uniform reddish-orange color and does not require further polishing.
example 8
Same as in Example 7, but heating the sample is performed at a speed of 0.1 o C / min, it is maintained at 600 o C / min for 3 hours and cooled at 5 o C / min. The resulting sample has a red-orange color.
example 9
Inserts jeweler from colorless quartz is covered by RF diode sputtering in an argon plasma at room temperature. The film thickness, controlled via the gauge is 50 nm. After deposition, the insert is placed in an electric furnace and heated at a rate of 1 o C / min up to 600 o C / min in an oxygen atmosphere, and then held at this temperature for 5 h and cooled at 0.1 o C / min to room temperature. The sample has a uniform yellow color similar to iron-colored variety of natural quartz - citrine. The sample does not need additional polishing.
example 10
Same as in Example 9, only the sample is heated at a speed of 1.5 o C / min up to 800 o C for 3 hours and cooled at 0.1 o C / min. The resulting sample has a uniform bright yellow color and does not require further polishing.
example 11
Hour colorless glass covered by rf diode sputtering in an argon plasma at room temperature. The film thickness, controlled via the gauge is 40 nm. After deposition, the glass was placed in an electric furnace and heated at a rate of 2 o C / min up to 600 o C in an oxygen atmosphere, and then held at this temperature for 2 hours and cooled at 0.3 o C / min to room temperature. The resulting sample has a uniform bright yellow color and does not require re-polishing.
Thus, the proposed method the processed natural and synthetic gemstones have a uniform coating with a predetermined color reproducible color intensity and do not require further polishing for further use.
CLAIM
1. A process for dyeing natural and synthetic gemstones, comprising applying to the painted surface of the iron layer and subsequent heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere, wherein the heat treatment is conducted in three stages: heating, soaking and cooling, and heating and cooling are at 0.1 -5 o C / min, and exposure is carried out at a temperature of 600-1000 o C.
2. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the precipitation of iron is conducted films by rf-diode sputtering in an argon plasma.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said iron film deposition is carried out to a thickness of 0.50 -. 300 nm.
4. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the exposure during the heat treatment is performed for 1-5 hr.
5. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the holding at the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of topaz 600-960 o C.
6. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the holding at the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of sapphire 600-1000 o C.
7. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the exposure during the heat treatment conducted at a temperature of quartz 600-800 o C.
print version
Publication date 03.01.2007gg
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