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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2193933
DEVICE FOR ICE DESTRUCTION
Applicant's name: Open Joint-Stock Company "SP Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia"
The name of the inventor: Kulikov IP; Kopytova TV; Kropova O.Y .; Bazhenov AM
The name of the patent holder: Open Joint-Stock Company "Rocket and Space Corporation Energia" named after SP Korolev "
Address for correspondence: 141070, Moscow Region, Korolev, ul. Lenin, 4a, OAO RSC Energia them. S.P. Queen, Department of Industrial Property
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.12.13
The invention relates to devices for cleaning surfaces . The device includes a destructive unit in the form of two electrical conductors in an elastic sheath connected to a power source. The conductors are made in the form of bimetallic plates, structurally separated by supporting insulators with a constant mechanical contact of the supporting edges and arranged symmetrically to the plane of the support edges, while the active layers of the bimetallic plates are directed outwards.
The invention is aimed at increasing the specific efforts generated by a unit of electricity consumed per unit area, while ensuring electrical safety.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to devices for the direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical work and is intended for cleaning icy surfaces and cavities, and for destroying the formations that result from the crystallization of liquids and can be used on all types of transport, in communal services and branches of the national economy, With the operation of pipelines.
An electric-ejection anti-icing device with ejecting elements on printed circuit boards is known, US Patent No. 5,326,051, Cl. B 64 D 15/16 , containing a plurality of parallel arranged electrically isolated from each other conductors located on two identical printed circuit boards. Printed circuit boards are installed so that the conductors are exactly one under the other, the currents in the conductors of the neighboring boards flow in opposite directions. The electromagnetic fields that arise when the current is applied create a pulse of force that repels the conductors from each other and thereby dumps the ice from the aerodynamic surface.
The disadvantage of the device is a small specific amount of force created per unit area of the aerodynamic surface, and, consequently, the inability to destroy with it the already formed ice cover of considerable thickness, which determines the need for continuous current supply and, therefore, increases energy costs.
The closest solution accepted for the prototype is the electrical separation device of US Pat. No. 4,894,569, cl. B 64 D 15/00 , made in the form of two electrical conductors in elastic packages, isolated from each other. Conductors are combined into a common block by means of an elastic braid and connected to a power source. When the current passes as a result of the interaction of the magnetic fields of the conductors, the packages are repelled with the formation of a gap between them.
The disadvantage of the prototype is that in order to obtain the movement of packages sufficient to destroy the ice cover, the conductors must be connected to a high-current source, which leads to considerable energy consumption, reduces the electrical safety of the device and substantially limits the scope of its application.
The object of the invention is to increase the movement of the destructive elements of the device while increasing the specific forces generated by the unit of energy consumed per unit area while providing the necessary electrical safety.
The technical effect was the creation of an ice breaking device, which provides the necessary increase in the movement of the destructive elements of the device with the increase in the specific forces generated by the unit of energy consumed per unit area, while ensuring the necessary electrical safety.
This is achieved by the fact that in the proposed ice breaking device comprising a destructive unit in the form of two electrical conductors in an elastic shell connected to a power source, each conductor is made in the form of a bimetallic plate, the bimetallic plates are structurally separated by supporting insulators with constant mechanical contact of the support edges and Are located symmetrically to the plane of the support edges, while the active layers of the bimetallic plates are directed outwards. The breaking blocks are electrically combined into a garland located on the ice-free surface.
The idea of the invention is that a pair of specially selected materials with significantly different coefficients of linear expansion (active and passive) and high compared to copper, traditionally used as conductors, resistivities are combined into one bimetallic plate, the heating of which, when electric current passes, leads To its deformation and the creation of the effort used to destroy the ice formations.
In Fig. 1 shows the destructive device block in the passive (initial) state;
2 shows a destructive block in the active state when heated at 65 ° C ;
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FIGS. 3 and 4 depict a variant of connecting the destructive units into a garland and placing them on an ice-free surface;
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FIG. 5 shows an example of the use of destructive blocks for removing ice icicles from a building gable. The device for breaking ice contains the first conductor 1, the second conductor 2, supporting insulators 3, the resilient electrically insulating shell 4, in capital letters the elements explaining the operation of the device are indicated: A - active layers of bimetallic plates, B - passive layers of bimetallic plates, B - elements of the working surface , On which the device for destruction of ice is installed, Г - a set of destructive blocks assembled in a garland, Q The destructive block contains two bimetallic plates 1 and 2 of material, for example TB1613 according to GOST 10533, each of which is formed by passive "B" and active "A" layers, the plates are separated by supporting insulators 3 and enclosed in an elastic heat and electrically insulating shell 4. The bimetallic breaking blocks can be connected in series to the garland "G" in various ways, for example as shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and placed on the release surface in special slots of the body "B". The destructive device is connected to a power source (not shown). The number of elements of the garland is determined by the surface area released from the ice, and by the parameters of the power source. |
The device works as follows. When the voltage is applied through a chain of bimetallic plates 1 and 2, a current flows, causing an efficient heating of the bimetallic plates 1 and 2 due to the high specific resistivity of their layers. Heating causes lengthening of bimetallic plates 1 and 2, and for active layers "A" it is larger than for passive layers "B", which leads to deflection "f" towards active layers located on the external surfaces of the block, that is, in opposite directions . The presence of the support surface of an object to be cleaned from the ice directly under the destructive block determines the direction of the total deflection f 
Plates 1, 2 and the forces Q In the direction of ice formation, separating or destroying the ice cover on the liberated surface. When the power supply is disconnected, the bimetallic plates 1 and 2 cool down and the destructive unit returns to its original state.
We present the calculation of the maximum deformation of a bimetallic plate of material TB1613 GOST 10533 and the force arising from this deformation using the methods of [1] and [2].
For the design scheme we take a freely supported beam loaded at the center by the force Q.
With the chosen beam loading scheme:
The temperature at which the bimetallic plate needs to be heated to obtain a deflection f can be calculated from the formula
We determine the electrical power needed to heat the bimetallic plate at 64 o C. The current density can be determined from the formula [3]:
In our case: 
. Substituting these values, we obtain 
= 2.82 A / mm 2 .
Current at current density 
= 2.82 A / mm 2 and the cross-sectional area of the conductor q = 10 mm 2 is
I = 
Q = 28.2 A.
Resistance of a bimetallic plate: 
Power:
P = I 2 · R = 0.45 W.
Thus, the calculations showed that when heating, for example, at 64 ° C, a bimetallic plate of material TB1613 GOST 10533 with a length of 50 mm, a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, whose ends are fixed, bends in the middle part to 0.63 mm, Thus there is a force of 12.1 kgf. The use as a destructive block of two bimetallic plates separated by supporting insulators with a constant mechanical contact of the supporting edges located symmetrically with the plane of the support edges so that the active layers of the bimetallic plates are directed towards the outer surface of the block allows to sum the forces from the deformation of each plate and the movements caused by them. Thus, by using the destructive block shown in FIG. 1, a force Q = 24.2 kgf and the maximum displacement of the action surface of the destructive block f = 1.26
Let us estimate the parameters of the ice formation shown in FIG. 5, which can be eliminated by one destructive block with bimetallic plates of thickness, for example, 1 mm with the same length and width. For a destructive block with plates of this thickness, the force Q = 6.2 kgf, and the maximum displacement of the surface of the action of the destructive block f = 2.6 mm.
Suppose that the force is applied to an ice cylinder (for example, an icicle) at a distance of 100 mm from its attachment point, L = 100 mm.
Permissible bending moment:
We calculate the force that arises between two conductors with a current in the interaction of their magnetic fields (prototype), if the geometric dimensions of these conductors coincide with the dimensions of the bimetallic elements, and the electric power expended on the creation of the magnetic field corresponds to the power consumed for heating the bimetal.
The force of electrodynamic interaction of two parallel conductors of the same length, located opposite each other without a shift, can be calculated by the formula [3]:
Thus, the force developed in the electromagnetic interaction is almost 1185 times less than the force arising from the deformation of the bimetallic conductor, while the electromagnetic interaction force, as follows from the above formula, decreases in proportion to the repulsion in proportion to the increase in the distance between the conductors, fundamentally reducing the efficiency of the prototype .
INFORMATION SOURCES
- SPTimoshenko. Stability of rods, plates and shells. Moscow: Nauka, 1971.
- Strength. Stability. Fluctuations. Handbook in three volumes, ed. IA Berger and Ya.G. Panovko. M., 1968.
- A. M. Zalessky. Electrical apparatus of high voltage. L .: Gosenergoizdat, 1957.
CLAIM
- A device for breaking ice comprising a destructive unit in the form of two electrical conductors in an elastic shell connected to a power source, characterized in that each conductor is made in the form of a bimetallic plate, the plates are structurally separated by supporting insulators with a constant mechanical contact of the support edges and are arranged symmetrically to the plane of the support Edges, while the active layers of bimetallic plates are directed outwards.
- An ice breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the breaking units are electrically combined into a garland located on the ice-free surface.
print version
Date of publication 01.11.2006гг
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