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Low-cost methods of hydrogen

An apparatus for producing hydrogen, oxygen, electricity and heat from liquids
The invention application FIPS №2004132026
Paul FIPS decision on the patent application has been received

Dudyshev Valery, Russia, Samara
Samara Technical University

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a device for producing hydrogen, oxygen, electricity and heat from liquids, such as water.

The closest device for the same purpose to the claimed utility model, a set of attributes is a hydrogen production by electrolysis device, -elektrolizer containing a container with liquid, two electrodes immersed in the liquid, and a constant current source, is attached to these electrodes (the prototype is well known, see -elektrolizer- . for example, Physical encyclopedic dictionary, M, 1984, s.871).

The aim of the invention is to reduce the energy cost to produce hydrogen, oxygen, heat and electricity.

With all the advantages of the prototype, it should be noted that in order to produce hydrogen needed in the existing prototype passing through the electrolyte large electrical currents, i.e. prototype energy consumption and has a low efficiency. Furthermore, the known device - electrolyzer does not allow to efficiently produce hydrogen from weakly conducting and dielectric fluids.

The technical result of this utility model is to improve the known device, resulting in power savings and increased productivity through the use of the Coulomb force of the electric field, the capillary effect, electroosmosis, emulsification effects of cavitation, and diverse activation of any liquid, and for example, emulsions, liquids, containing large amounts of hydrogen.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that, in a device comprising a container of liquid, two electrodes are partially or completely submerged in the liquid, a constant current source, is attached to these electrodes, the first electrode is electrically attached eg, through a high-voltage transformer is immersed in the liquid for example, to its negative output voltage potential and a second electrode placed outside the fluid at a distance to avoid electrical breakdown voltage source for liquid and attached to the opposite electrical potential of the high voltage inverter, wherein the voltage high-voltage converter may be implemented as a low power DC converter pulsed or alternating voltage on the low voltage side of which is electrically connected to a low voltage source such as 220 V, and on the high voltage side connected to said electrodes. The voltage converter can be formed for example as a generator of high voltage pulses, for example, with a variable frequency and duty cycle, such as inductively transistor blocking oscillator, or a high resonant Tesla transformer, and (or) a reversible type, with the reverse cycle of depending on the performance of hydrogen produced, the amplitude variation range of the duty cycle and frequency of these pulses is chosen from the condition of maximum hydrogen productivity.

The device is designed as a controllable electroosmotic pump, for example, comprising a capillary material, fully or partially immersed in the fluid, the electrodes, when at least one of which is immersed in the liquid, and a high voltage converter connected to these electrodes, with the capillary element is made, for example, synthetic porous material such as tow of fiberglass, with micron diameter holes capillaries oriented capillary member direction capillary fibers perpendicular to the liquid surface, and the protrusion of capillary element above the liquid surface, and placing a conductive electrode, such as a plane, a lower cut capillary element immersed in the liquid itself, and the placement of the second electrode higher than the surface of the end of the capillary, for example, by condition to prevent electrical breakdown of high voltage source through the electrodes, wherein the capillary element may be part of, for example may comprise a first capillary element is completely immersed in the liquid and a second capillary element different diameter, and in contact with the first capillary element, for example, with the same hole diameters of the capillaries and the same direction of capillary fibers, but other thicknesses harness capillaries with a diameter of the harness of the second capillary element to, for example, the diameter of the container, and positioning the second capillary member, for example, on the liquid surface. The first electrode is in the form of an electrically conductive, such as metal rod plane and (or) the rod system planes disposed horizontally (or) vertically in the liquid container, such as a touch this electrode inner surface of the electrically conductive container and the second electrode is placed moveably above the vessel, the electrodes can be fitted with spikes on their surfaces, such as pointed spikes, needles, for example in the direction of the electric field between them and they are inserted (s) into the porous conductive capillary material, such as carbon fiber karbonezirovanny activated material, disposed in the liquid is partially or completely, the first electrode and can be formed as a volume element, for example, performed by linked thin conductive filaments of metal wire, such as stainless steel, for example, with a touch electrode inner surface of the tank, made, for example, a metal such as platinum, silver or gold plating, with the outside and (or) inside the electrode, immersed in a liquid, can be placed a porous, capillary member, such as foam, occupying a total or partial volume of liquid in the tank or may be formed a vessel, an adsorbent or a vessel attached to an hydrogen battery and through the reversing valve to the oxygen battery, electrodes are arranged movably relative to each other so as to change the movement of the electric field intensity provided mainly perpendicular electrical power lines (vectors) of the electric field between them with respect to the liquid surface. The liquid may be any aqueous solution such as water, a conductive liquid such as sea water, the dielectric liquid, such as aqueous hydrocarbon solution, alcohols, water-fuel emulsions, organic waste, a device equipped with a device producing a two-phase liquid medium, for example, a vacuum pump, options liquid heating, for example in the form of a heat exchanger that uses solar energy and (or) any waste heat, for example, the heat exchanger placed on the exhaust tract of thermal power plants, the exhaust manifolds of heat engines, heat generator, a device mixing liquids - emulsifier liquid with other components, such as fossil fuels, alcohol, placed, for example, therein, and (or) is a container with liquid cavitator formed, for example, in the form of its inner rough side surface of the tank itself and cavitator placed directly in the tank, the stirring device for dielectric liquid is in the form electrostatic motor with liquid dielectric rotor, as is used in the liquid itself, as well as a source of - the converter used pulsed high-voltage converter, and the mixing device conductive fluid is designed as a controllable electromagnetic motor with liquid conductive rotor as which conductive fluid itself is used.

The device is equipped with an additional device activating liquid is housed, for example, therein, and (or) is a container with liquid moreover activator is designed as a low-power and malogabataritnogo source controlled by the radioactive radiation intensity, for example using radioactive wastes, for example, arranged in a thin layer on special quick- coating on the inner surface of the container, and (or) directly above the liquid level, for example in its two-phase medium, activator fluid such as water, is in the form of an electrochemical activator and separation liquid to acidic and alkaline components, and comprises an additional voltage source, for example, pulse-type, semi-permeable diaphragm (membrane) placed vertically in the tank with the liquid that separates the container into two parts and two electrodes placed respectively in the first and second part of the tank, electrically of connected to the outputs of the additional voltage source, such as an adjustable amplitude and the frequency of the voltage pulses, and as these electrodes can be used and the working electrodes arranged in the two cavities of each container individually and as converter adjustable high voltage converter connected to the output electric potentials of these electrodes.

The device is equipped with a dissociation unit evaporated by the electric field of liquid, for example by electroosmotic pump, in the form of ions, liquid vapor hydroxides, etc., Which comprises a transverse deflection of electrically charged particles vaporized, such as electroosmosis, two-phase medium above the liquid surface and the device separation recovery of these ions to the gas, for example, two additional movable electrode, for example, flat, placed above the liquid, for example, with their planes perpendicular to the liquid surface, and electrically adjoint to an adjustable electrical load, coordinated in magnitude to generate electricity, an additional transmitter (source ) of high voltage, for example, in the form of a generator of high-voltage pulses with variable frequency and duty cycle, for example with a range of frequencies overlapping resonant excitation frequency fluid vaporized molecules and its ions, the electric circuit pulse generator and an electrical load are electrically isolated, for example, diodes, and the device deflecting ions of the evaporated liquid level is in the form of an electromagnet.

The apparatus is further equipped with a generator of sound vibrations and their emitters, for example, low frequency and high frequency generators of acoustic oscillations, with emitters low frequency generator placed directly in the liquid or outside of it, and as emitters may be used alone electrodes, low-range generator is tuned to the excitation frequency band of all liquid volume, the high frequency band oscillator tuned to the frequency range of excitation of molecules of the liquid, with emitters high frequency generator in the ultrasonic frequency range, placed directly in the tank with the liquid or in the zone of the vaporized two-phase medium, e.g., above its surface, and generators of acoustic oscillations is equipped with a control device rate fluctuations.

The device is provided with a pulsed electric discharge device in the liquid and (or) a two-phase medium, for example, above the liquid surface, comprising a converter (s) and the controlled pulse voltage electrodes placed at a distance sufficient for the emergence of a pulsed electric discharge.

The device is provided with separate batteries produced hydrogen and oxygen are connected to generators and receivers of these gases, such as electrodes and (or) one or all of these electrodes may (can) be executed (s) as gazoadsorbenta, for example, a porous metal- hydrogen battery.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 1 shows the simplest elektrovodorodny generator comprising a tank 1 with liquid 2, two electrodes 3, 4, one of which, the cathode 3 is immersed in the liquid 2 and the second electrode 4 is placed outside the liquid 2, with both the electrodes 3, 4 are connected to the oppositely charged electric potential of the high-controlled voltage converter 5, adjoint to the primary power source in Fig. 1 is not shown. The device 6 controls the voltage value and frequency of the inverter is connected to the 5 V, with the converter 5 is arranged to cycle the reversing voltage changes sign on the cathode 3 in order to alternately extract their liquid hydrogen and oxygen.

Fig. 1 illustrates and inverter high voltage alternating voltage, made for example in the form of high voltage transformer 7, the plug, if necessary, through the switch 8 to the cathode 3, and these voltage converters 5 and 7 can be used separately, and (or) along and (or) alternately. Fig. 1 and shows gazopriёmnik hydrogen battery 9 and 10, the vacuum pump 11, the liquid heating device in the form of the heat exchanger 12, the heat produced by heat source 13, fluid 14 emulsifier.

Fig. 2 shows an electroosmotic pump having a capillary element in the form of composite capillary bundle comprising immersed in a liquid two capillary elements 11 and 12, with the capillary element 11 to the electrode (s) 3 is completely submerged in the liquid 2, and the capillary element 12 to the electrode (s ) 4 situated at the liquid surface 2.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the capillary element 11 to the electrode 3, made in the form of the vessel 13, the hydrogen attached to an accumulator 10 and a reversing valve 14 to the oxygen accumulator 15.

Fig. 4 shows the dielectric fluid mixing device consisting of an electrostatic motor.

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

CLAIM

1. An apparatus for producing hydrogen, oxygen, electricity and heat from the liquid, then the device comprising a vessel with liquid, two electrodes are immersed completely or partially in the liquid and an electric power source connected to these electrodes, characterized in that the liquid is absorbed first electrode, attached, for example, to a negative electrical potential source, a constant or pulsating voltage in time, and a second electrode placed outside the fluid by a distance sufficient to prevent electrical breakdown voltage source through the electrodes to the liquid and is attached to the opposite electrical potential that source.
2. Apparatus according to claim. 1, characterized in that it is provided with a high voltage (E) converter (s) voltage, for example, continuous, pulsed or alternating voltage, which (e) on the low voltage side electrically connected (s) to the primary power source, and by the high voltage side to the electrode (s), location (s) for the fluid in and out of her.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, 2 characterized in that one of the voltage converters is made for example as high-voltage pulse generator, e.g., variable frequency and duty cycle, for example as a transistor oscillator inductive type, such as a blocking oscillator pulse, a resonant high-voltage transformer, Tesla, and (or) other converter high voltage reversible type, with adjustable reverse cycle depending on the performance of hydrogen produced, the amplitude variation range of the duty cycle and frequency of the voltage pulses is chosen from the condition of maximum hydrogen productivity for a particular fluid .
4. Apparatus according to claim 1-3., Characterized in that a liquid is used as any aqueous solution, such as water, a conductive liquid such as sea water, the dielectric liquid, such as aqueous solution of hydrocarbons, alcohols, water-fuel emulsions, organic waste.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1-4., Characterized in that the first electrode is in the form of an electrically conductive, such as metal rod, and the plane (or) the rod system, the planes placed horizontally (or) vertically in the liquid container, such as a touch this inner surface conductive electrode capacitance and the second electrode is movably positioned above the vessel, the electrodes can be fitted with spikes on their surfaces, such as pointed spikes, needles, for example in the direction of the electric field vector between
6. Apparatus according to claim 1-5., Characterized in that the outside and (or) inside the first electrode, immersed in a liquid, placed a porous, capillary member, such as padding polyester, foam rubber, or he is made of carbon-fiber activated carbonized material, placed in a liquid partially or completely.
7. Apparatus according ap 1-6, characterized in that the first electrode is designed as a volume element, for example made by thin interconnected filaments of metal wire, such as stainless steel, for example, with a touch electrode inner surface of the container, made conductive, for example, a metal such as platinum or gold-plated.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1-7., Characterized in that the electrode is immersed in a liquid, is in the form of a porous conductive material in a vessel, the hydrogen attached to an accumulator and through the reversing valve to accumulator oxygen
9. Apparatus according p.1-8, characterized in that the electrodes are movable relative to each other so as to vary the magnitude of the movement of the electric field perpendicular advantageously provided electrical power lines (vectors) of an electric field between them with respect to the liquid surface.
10. Apparatus according to claim 1-9., Characterized in that it is provided with a fluid mixing device, the device activation fluid evaporator liquid activator dissociator vaporized and vapor separation device and a collecting hydrogen and oxygen storage and power generation apparatus.
11. The apparatus of claim. 1-10, characterized in that said fluid mixing device (s) is provided with, for example, a liquid emulsifier (s) with other liquid components, such as fossil fuels, alcohol, placed, for example, and it (or) it is a container with a liquid, and (or) cavitator, and it is placed directly into the container and is for example in the form of its inner lateral surface roughened
12. Apparatus according to claim 1-11, characterized in that the dielectric fluid mixing device designed as an electrostatic motor rotor with a dielectric liquid, which is used as a liquid itself, and as a source of -. The high voltage inverter used pulse converter.
13. Apparatus according to claim 1-12., Wherein the conductive fluid mixing device is designed as a controllable electromagnetic motor rotor conductive liquid, which is used as the conductive fluid itself.
14. Apparatus according to para. 1-13, characterized in that said fluid activation apparatus is housed, for example, in a container with a liquid and (or) outside it.
15. The apparatus of claim. 1-14, characterized in that the activating device is designed as a small-sized and low-power source controlled by the intensity of the radiation, such as radioactive waste, for example, arranged in a thin layer on the inner coating Quick special container surface and (or) directly above the liquid level, for example in its two-phase medium.
16. The apparatus of claim. 1-15, characterized in that said fluid activation apparatus, such as water, is in the form of an electrochemical activator and liquid separation at alkaline and acid components, and includes an additional adjustment of amplitude, frequency and high-voltage voltage transformer, for example, pulse-type, semi-permeable diaphragm (membrane) placed vertically in the tank with the liquid that separates the container into two parts and two electrodes placed respectively in the first and second part of the tank, electrically of connected to the outputs of the additional voltage converter, for example, and as these electrodes They can be used and the working electrodes arranged in each of the two cavities separate container.
17. The apparatus of claim. 1-16, characterized in that said fluid activation apparatus is configured, for example, a device (s) in a pulsed electric discharge fluid and (or) a two-phase medium, for example, above the liquid surface, comprising a converter (s) controlled and a pulse voltage electrodes placed at a distance sufficient for the emergence of a pulsed electric discharge.
18. Apparatus according to para. 1-17, characterized in that the evaporator liquid is placed, for example, in a container with a liquid and (or), and it is designed as a thermal fluid heating, for example, waste heat recovery in the form of energy or cavitation vortical heat generator.
19. Apparatus according to para. 1-18, characterized in that the device is equipped with an evaporator liquid two-phase fluid receiving medium, such as a vacuum pump.
20. Apparatus according to para. 1-19, characterized in that the evaporator liquid is in the form of the electroosmotic pump comprising such a capillary member, partially or completely immersed in the fluid, the electrodes are placed at both ends of the capillary element, and a high voltage converter connected to these electrodes.
21. Apparatus according p.1-20, characterized in that the capillary element is made, for example, in the form of a porous synthetic material, for example, with micron diameter holes capillaries, for example in the form of a tow optosteklovolokna, carbon-activated carbonized fibrous material, with a predominant orientation the fiber direction (capillaries) of a porous, capillary member perpendicular to the liquid surface, and parallel lines of force of the electric field, and the protrusion of capillary element above the liquid surface, with the placement of a conductive electrode, for example in the form of a plane below the lower cut capillary element steeped in the liquid itself, and the second electrode placement surface of the above end capillary such as a distance on the condition to prevent electrical breakdown of high voltage source through these electrodes and the capillary element.
22. The apparatus of claim. 1-21, characterized in that the evaporator is designed as a low frequency sound generator of oscillations and vibrations of the emitters, and placed in the liquid tank on the liquid surface, the ultrasonic generator and transducer (s) of these oscillations, unplaced (s) in liquid on the surface of the liquid, and (or) above the liquid, but also movable electrodes arranged, for example in a liquid, on its surface and (or) above the liquid surface, and connected electrically to heteronymic electric potentials of high voltage converter, the generator of sound oscillations are supplied device control oscillation frequency, the resonant frequency in the range of excitation and total fluid volume of its molecules.
23. Apparatus according to para. 1-22, characterized in that the device is equipped with a dissociation liquid evaporated by the electric field, for example through the electroosmotic pump in the form of ions, liquid vapor hydroxyl and so on., Which contains all the transverse deflection device vaporized electrically charged particles, e.g., electroosmosis, two-phase medium above the liquid surface and the device separation recovery etihionov to gases, for example, a device deflecting ions above the vaporized liquid and is designed as a (electro) magnet and and two additional movable electrode, for example, flat, placed above the liquid, for example, with their planes perpendicular to the liquid surface, and electrically adjoint to an adjustable electrical load coordinated in magnitude to generate electricity, an additional transmitter (source) of high voltage, for example in the form of a generator of high-voltage pulses with variable frequency and duty cycle, for example with a frequency range overlapping excitation resonance frequency of liquid molecules vaporized and its ion prichemelektricheskie pulse generator circuit and an electrical load are electrically isolated, for example, diodes.
24. Apparatus according to para. 1-23, characterized in that it is equipped with separate batteries produced hydrogen and oxygen are connected to generators and receivers of these gases, such as electrodes and (or) one or all of these electrodes may (can) be performed ( s) gazoadsorbenta as, for example, a porous metal-hydrogen batteries and oxygen.
25. Apparatus according to para. 1-24, characterized in that it is further equipped with a generator (s) of acoustic vibrations, for example, in the ultrasonic frequency range placed (s) directly in the container with the fluid vaporized in the zone or two-phase medium, e.g., above its surface, and in a resonator can be used with the liquid container itself, the generator is equipped with sound vibrations frequency control device fluctuations, with a range of changes in the oscillation frequency range of the resonant frequency excitation of molecules of liquid by the criterion of maximum productivity of hydrogen production.

ATTENTION !

Drawings of pilot plants - explanation of the invention - are the know-how of the author and are available
Upon request, on a commercial basis

print version
Author: Dudyshev Valery
PS material is protected.
Publication date 27.02.2005gg

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