Splanchnology. Internal organs of man - structure, functions, pictures

Internal organs of man

The internal organs of a person , viscera (viscus, s. Splanchna - the interior), are called organs located mainly in the cavities of the face, neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis, providing metabolic processes with the environment and performing plant functions: nutrition, respiration, excretion and reproduction . The internal organs of man are combined into systems according to functional, topographic and genetic characteristics. Each body has a special structure and functions, and together with other bodies of this system participates in the performance of its general function.

Human anatomy internal organs.

The internal organs of man are divided into systems: digestive, systema digestorium; Respiratory, systema respiratorium; Urinary, systema urinarium; Sexual, systema genitalium. The urinary and reproductive systems, in view of anatomical and topographic proximity, are united in the urogenital apparatus, apparatus urogenitalis.

Some organs are part of different systems. So, for example, pharynx, pharynx, is the organ of both the digestive and respiratory systems, and the male urethra masculina, is part of the urinary system and simultaneously refers to the reproductive system.

The structure of a person is internal organs.

Common to all systems is the presence of tube-shaped or other forms of hollow organs lined internally with a mucosa, tunica mucosa, which is covered with epithelium and consists of a lamina propria, and a muscular plate, lamina muscularis. In the thickness of the mucous membrane lies a multitude of different glandulee glands, the secret of which is secreted into the cavity of the organs. Outside the mucosa is the submucosa, tela submucosa, and then - the muscular membrane. In most organs, the muscular membrane is formed by a smooth muscle tissue. Outside, the hollow organs can be covered with a serous membrane, tunica serosa, or an adventitia (fibrous) membrane, tunica adventitia (fibrosa). Between the muscular and serous membranes there is a subserous base, tela subserosa.

These layers in each organ have individual morphological features, which is determined by the function and arrangement of the organ.

In addition to the hollow organs, the intestines are those that are formed by the parenchyma, parenchima, a specific tissue that performs the basic function of the organ, and the stroma, stroma, a supporting tissue that provides fluid transport to the parenchyma cells and contains nerves and vessels. A stroma can divide an organ into lobes, lobi, and lobules, lobuli. Such organs are called parenchymal (lungs, liver, kidneys, etc.). Most of the parenchymal organs are glands, glandulae, which produce secretions. There are glands that do not have ducts (endocrine glands), and glands that have ducts (exocrine glands). The latter in their structure are divided into simple, branched, complex, alveolar, tubular and mixed (tubular-alveolar) glands.

The functions of the internal organs of a person are closely related, and their division into systems is very conditional.