Connection of the larynx cartilage

The cartilages of the larynx are interconnected by joints and ligaments, articulationes et ligamenta laryngis.

The larynx as a whole is connected with the hyoid bone with the help of the shield-lingual membrane, membrana thyrahyoidea. This membrane has the appearance of a wide connective tissue plate located between the hyoid bone and the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage ; On the middle line it is densified and is called the middle thyroid-ligament ligament, lig. Thyrahyoidea medianum. The posterior thickened edge of each side of the membrane, tucked between the upper horn of the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone, is called the lateral ligamentous ligamentous ligament, lig. Thyrohyoideum laterale. In the thickness of this ligament there is often a small quantity of sesamoid, the so-called grain-shaped, cartilaginous, cartilago triticea.

The epiglottis, epiglottis, connects:

1) with the body of the hyoid bone using the sublingual-epiglottis ligament, lig. Hyoepiglotticum, which is directed from the body of the hyoid bone, tapering to the anterior surface of the epiglottis;

2) with thyroid cartilage by means of thyroid gland, lig. Thyroepiglotticum, a short ligament stretched from the epiglottis stem to the inner surface of the angle of the thyroid cartilage, somewhat lower than the thyroid sutures;

3) with the upper-to-posterior surface of the root of the tongue with the help of three folds of the mucosa - one median and two lateral:
Lingual-epiglottal median and lateral folds, plicae glossoepiglotticae mediana et latemles. Between the folds are formed paired epiglottis fossae, valleculae epiglotticae.

Ring-like cartilage with thyroid cartilage is connected:

1) arthritic joint, articulatio cricothyroidea, paired; It is formed by the articular surface of the lower horn of the thyroid cartilage and the thyroid articular surface of the cricoid cartilage. Finger joint capsule, capsula articularis cricothyroidea, consists of fibrous bundles extending from the lower horn to the lateral edge of the plate of the cricoid cartilage, with a part of the bundles pointing upward, and a part down and down, forming a paired carotid-cricoid ligament, lig, ceratocricoideum. The central part of the capsule is thickened and its bundles are called the median transversely pubic ligament, lig. Cricothyroideum medianum. The movements in this joint are possible around the transverse axis, i. E. The thyroid cartilage tilts either anteriorly or posteriorly, thus changing its relation to the arytenoid cartilage, and this causes the tension of the vocal cords that are between the vocal appendage of the arytenoid cartilage and the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage;

2) cricoid ligament, lig. Cricothyroideum, closes the gap between the lower edge of the thyroid and the upper edge of the arc of the cricoid cartilage. Ahead of the middle line, this ligament thickens due to elastic beams.

Back and to the sides of this ligament, extending up and down, a fibrous elastic membrane of the larynx is formed, membrana fibroelastica laryngis; The upper part of it is a quadrangular membrane, membrana quadrangularis, a
The lower part is the elastic cone, conus elasticus. The latter is attached below to the cricoid cartilage, posteriorly reaches the arytenoid cartilages, and the upper free margin forms a paired vocal cords, lig. Vocale, stretched between the thyroid and the arytenoid cartilage.

The cricoid cartilage connects the anterolateral cartilage with the pericumastric articular joint, articulatio cricoarytenoidea, the cavity of which surrounds the pericotcher-shaped articular capsule, sarsula articularis cricoarytenoidea, which is reinforced by a fan-shaped pericuminally posterior ligament from the posterior ligament. Cricoarytenoideum posterior. This paired joint is formed between the articular surface of the base of the arytenoid cartilage and the arytenoid joint surface on the cricoid cartilage. In this joint, the arytenoid cartilage moves around the vertical axis, as a result of which the vocal processes of the two arytenoid cartilages then converge, they are removed one from the other. The posterior end of the vocal cords is attached to the vocal cords, so this movement changes the distance between the vocal cords.
Rozhkovidnye cartilage connected with the top of the arytenoid cartilage, as well as with cricoid cartilage and with a segment of the pharyngeal mucosa, covering the posterior surface of the larynx, with the help of the perstneglocular ligament, lig. Cricopharyngeum.

From the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage, the perstetrachial ligament originates, lig. Cricotracheale, which is attached to the upper cartilage of the trachea, trachea.

In addition to these ligaments, occupying an external position, the larynx has internal ligaments:

1) vocal cords, ligg. Vocalia, - paired ligaments consisting of elastic tissue; Stretched from each side between the vocal appendages of the arytenoid cartilage and the inner surface of the angle of the thyroid cartilage. Vocal cords are involved in the formation of the glottis, rima glottidis;

2) ligament ligament, ligg. Vestibularis, paired; Are much weaker than the vocal cords. They consist mainly of fibrous fibers, and also of elastic fibers.

The ligaments of the vestibule are located higher and parallel to the vocal cords and also stretched from the arytenoid cartilage (above the vocal process) to the inner surface of the angle of the thyroid cartilage.

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5. Muscles that tense the vocal cords
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