Rubella

Rubella is an acute infectious disease characterized by mildly pronounced phenomena of general intoxication, a slight fine-stubborn rash throughout the body, an increase in the occipital and posterior lymph nodes, and fetal damage in pregnant women.
Cause. The disease is caused by a virus that is unstable in the environment, quickly dies when dried, under the influence of ultraviolet rays and disinfectants.
The source of the infection is a person who has a severe or erased form of rubella, which flows without a rash. The virus is released into the environment a week before the disease and within a week after the rash.
Infection occurs by airborne droplets.
The process of development of the disease. The rubella virus penetrates the body through the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and spreads throughout the body throughout the body.
In pregnant women, the rubella virus enters the fetus and leads to a slowing of its growth, as well as the formation of various deformities. Rubella disease at the 3-4 th week of pregnancy causes congenital malformations in 60% of cases, at the 13-16th week and later - at 7%.
After the transferred disease develops persistent lifelong immunity to it.
Signs. The incubation period lasts from 11 to 24 days.
The disease begins acutely. There appear an increase and soreness of the supineum and occipital lymph nodes, slight weakness, malaise, mild headache, body temperature rises to 38 ° C. Simultaneously on the face, after several hours on the body, there are abundant rashes in the form of pale pink spots up to 1 cm round or oval, Moderately pronounced dry cough, pershena, sadness, dryness in the throat, a small runny nose. Elevated body temperature and rash persist 1-3 days, a few days longer - an increase in lymph nodes.
Often, rubella manifests itself only by a slight increase in body temperature and an increase in lymph nodes without the appearance of a rash.
Recognition of the disease. The diagnosis of rubella can be confirmed by a blood test.
Treatment of patients with rubella is usually done at home, as well as patients with acute respiratory viral infections.
Rarely with rubella in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, its interruption is recommended.
Prevention of disease. To prevent rubella, a live attenuated vaccine is used, which, 20 days after the administration, creates immunity to the disease for 10 years.
To ensure a stable immunity to rubella, one vaccination is sufficient. Primary vaccination is recommended for all children starting from 12-15 months. Revaccination should be given to girls aged 11-14 years, as well as women no later than 3 months before the proposed pregnancy.
Children are vaccinated very well. In adults, there may be a slight increase in lymph nodes and a brief slight increase in body temperature.
Pregnant women can not be vaccinated. In addition, during 3 months after vaccination, pregnancy is undesirable, since there is a risk of damage to the fetus by the vaccine virus.
Isolation of the patient with rubella stops 4 days after the appearance of the rash.