Mastitis

Inflammation of the breast, often developing in nursing mothers, very often in nulliparous. Pathogens (usually staphylococcus), enter the lactating gland through cracked nipples.
The initial stage of inflammation is a neuro-vascular reaction that leads to a serous infiltration of tissue cancer.
Clinical mastitis depends on the phase of the process. There are: 1) serous (initial); 2) acute infiltrative; 3) abscess; 4) abscess; 5) gangrenosum; 6) chronic infiltrative phase.
Serous phase begins a sudden rise in temperature to ± 38,5-39 C, pain in the breast. Inspection notes its increase, and palpation - soreness.
The contours of the prostate saved, the skin is not changed.
Late or incorrect treatment contributes to the progression of the process and its transition into an acute infiltrative phase. The mammary gland is increased, the skin over the infiltrate blushes. Palpation sharply painful, palpable infiltration with indistinct borders. There have headaches, insomnia, chills, weakness, rise in temperature to 39-40 ± C. Often grow and become painful underarm lymph nodes.
If the treatment process does not stop the infiltration phase and it does not lead to resorption, mastitis develops abscessed phase, characterized by an increase of clinical events.
When phlegmonous mastitis phase general condition worsens, the temperature rises to 38-40 ± C appear repeated chills, often septic condition.
Language and dry mouth, the patient complains of insomnia, headaches, loss of appetite.
Pale skin, mammary gland is enlarged, pasty. Giperemirovanaya skin, shiny, sometimes with a cyanotic shade. Saphenous vein dramatically expanded.
There are phenomena lymphangitis. The nipple is usually drawn. The process involves all or most of the breast.
Gangrenous mastitis phase is usually observed in patients who later sought medical help, or is the result of the development of thrombosis and stagnation in the mammary vessels. Patients come in extremely grave condition.
Chronic phase infilypratnvnaya uncommon. It occurs after long-term topical treatment of injections of penicillin, usually about purulent mastitis. With local antibiotic therapy process can take a chronic character. The condition of patients is often satisfactory, low-grade fever (not above 37,5-37,8 ± C) or normal.
Mainly is to prevent stagnation of milk in the breast, nipple formation of cracks that appear in the first 2-3 weeks postpartum period, nursing care of them.
Start when the first complaints of pain and swelling of the breast, and others. It is necessary to pay attention to the inadmissibility of the patient on the stagnation of milk in the gland with serous mastitis phase. It is strongly recommended that breast feeding, to express her or suck a breast pump. For the prevention of venous stasis is necessary to suspend breast scarf, bandage or crosslinked size bra. With timely treatment of mastitis in the primary and in the acute phase of infiltration of reverse development of the inflammatory process can be achieved.
The abscess of mastitis phase illustrated surgery. On the operated gland dressing is applied so as not to create it in the venous stasis and leave open the nipple for breastfeeding or regular milk suction.
Patients with abscess and gangrenous phases urgent surgery is performed immediately on admission.
Conservative therapy of chronic infiltrative mastitis phase does not lead to a cure because of the presence of abscesses around the capsule thick cartilaginous consistency. Displaying excision of the entire infiltration, the center of which usually exhibit a small amount of pus. In the postoperative period should apply physiotherapy (UHF, ultraviolet irradiation, heating pads), intramuscular antibiotics, novocaine blockade.