Endoscopic methods of research in gynecology

Inspection of the female genitalia is performed with the help of special optical instruments and instruments. In gynecological practice the following basic endoscopic methods are used:

Colposcopy - examination of the vagina And the vaginal part of the cervix using a binocular or monocular loupe equipped with a lighting device and which makes it possible to increase the surveyed area 30 or more times. No special preparation of a woman for colposcopy is required, the study is conducted on a gynecological chair, the procedure is absolutely painless.

This method can detect changes in the epithelium of the cervix, pre-cancer and background states, choose a place for biopsy, and monitor changes in the treatment process. The diagnostic value of this method is very high.

There is a simple and expanded colposcopy. With a simple cervix, the uterus is examined without preliminary treatment with chemicals, with the expanded cervix after treatment with a 3% solution of acetic acid, 1% iodine. First, a simple colposcopy is performed. After this, the cervix is ​​treated with iodine solution (Schiller's test). Iodine has the ability to stain normal cells in brown. Pathologically altered cells do not stain and have the appearance of white spots. Thus, identify areas that are biopsied.

A biopsy of the cervix is the taking of the cervical tissue for histological examination. Histological examination is a study of the cut of tissue from the affected area, which makes it possible to finally diagnose with diseases of the cervix. A biopsy is taken with special forceps or a scalpel. The procedure takes several seconds, so it does not have time to be painful. After it may be a few days to be a sperm allocation, it's not scary. It is advisable not to live a sexual life within a week after the biopsy so as not to infect the infection and not injure the wound. A biopsy is performed only after treatment of the infection found in the smear, in order to prevent infectious complications.

Hysteroscopy is a method by which you can examine the internal mucous membrane of the uterus in order to detect pathological changes in the endometrium: polyps, hyperplasia, cancer, fibroids, intrauterine fusion, and also to choose a site for sight biopsy. Modern hysteroscopes give an increase of 50 times.

Preparation of a woman consists in preliminary sanitation of the vagina and shaving of the hair on the external genitalia and pubis. Before the procedure is appointed cleansing enema and emptying the bladder.

The study is made in the position of a woman on a gynecological chair. The hysteroscope is inserted into the uterine cavity after a preliminary dilatation of the cervical canal. The method is painful, therefore it is made with anesthesia. Recently, hysteroscopes with special manipulators have been produced, with the help of which it is possible to remove the polyp, small myomatous nodes, intrauterine contraceptives (IUDs).

Kuldoskopiya - examination of the pelvic organs with the help of an optical instrument inserted into the abdominal cavity through the posterior vaginal fornix. This method is rarely used, it was completely replaced by laparoscopy. Use it in case of need of examination of the ovaries in a woman with severe obesity. The study is performed in the knee-elbow position of the woman. The area available for examination by this method is much less than with laparoscopy - the back surface of the uterus, the ovaries, the fallopian tubes are visible.