General blood analysis. Blood plasma. Biochemical parameters.

Standards tests for children Contents

blood plasma

This liquid portion of blood remaining after removal of formed elements and consisting of dissolved salts, proteins, carbohydrates, biologically active compounds, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
The plasma contains about 90% water, 7 to 8% protein, 1.1% of organic substances and inorganic substances of 0.9%.
Plasma provides the acid-base balance, consistency of internal volume of body fluids, transport of biological active substances, products of metabolism.

Plasma proteins are divided into 2 groups-albumin and globulins.
Albumin play a role in transport of various blood products - bilirubin, heavy metal salts, fatty acids, drugs.
Albumin - is produced in the liver, blood pressure support, delivers essential fats, and carbohydrates to organs and tissues.
Norma (for the mother): 30-50 units. Globulins are involved in the transport of lipids, hormones, formation of antibodies. Immunoglobulins - are responsible for the immune protection of the fortress.
Improving their performance can indicate kidney disease, liver, bowel, chronic inflammation of the female genital organs.
C-reactive protein - increases in inflammatory processes. Fibrinogen is also relates to the globulins. It is involved in the mechanism of blood clotting.
Norma (for the mother): 2-4 units.

Biochemical analysis characterizes the blood gives an indication of the amount of sodium, calcium, iron, protein, bilirubin, cholesterol and other components. It was found that premature birth and developmental disorders of the musculoskeletal system in children are associated with lack of calcium, phosphorus and protein. For the prevention and treatment of this pathology is assigned a complex of vitamins and minerals.
Blood chemistry studies not only blood cellular components, and pigments, enzymes, hormones, minerals, proteins.

LIPIDS The blood lipids are present four major groups- cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, fatty acids.
Lipoproteins - contain fats (lipids), for example cholesterol, which is produced in the liver. Cholesterol performs two functions- structural and metabolic. It serves as a source of food.
Indicators cholesterol depends on the state of the liver and the amount of fat, which come from food.
Normal values ​​depend on age:
Newborn 1,3 2,6 mmol / l
1 year 1,82- 4,94 mmol / l
2- 14 years old 3,74- 6,50 mmol / l
adults 3,9 7,2 mmol / l. Increases in cholesterol observed in atherosclerosis, diabetes, liver disease. Cholesterol - one of blood fats, it is part of the cell membranes.
Norma (for the mother): 5-6 units. Triglycerides. Their increase is observed in viral hepatitis, alcoholism, pancreatitis, renal failure, hypertension, diabetes, and others. The decrease in pulmonary diseases, hyperthyroidism and so on.
Men 0,45- 1,81 mmol / l
Women 0.40 1.53 mmol / l. UREA The normal indicators:
Newborn 1,4 4,3 mmol / l
Adults 3.5 8.3 mmol / l
Improving indicators appears in violation of renal excretory function and toxemia of pregnancy. Reducing the content observed in diseases of the liver, poisoning, drugs, low-protein diet. BILIRUBIN - bile pigment that is formed after the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver and spleen.
Norma (for the mother): 3.4-22.2 units.
High levels of bilirubin - a signal the emergence of diseases of the liver (hepatitis), and anemia. Glucose - indicators of "sugar" in the blood reflect the state of the energy balance in the body of the mother and the pancreas.
Norma (for the mother): 3,3-6,6 units.
Pregnancy itself can cause fluctuations in blood glucose levels and diabetes. HORMONES blood Insulin (norm 36-180 units), epinephrine, thyroid hormones, thyroid, keto steroids (adrenal hormones), progesterone, oxytocin, prolactin is important for the normal course of pregnancy and childbirth.
AFP - indicates the presence or absence of fetal congenital malformations.

Inorganic blood SUBSTANCE
These indicators reflect the pattern of acid-base balance in the body and the condition of the circulatory system.
Norma (for the mother): Calcium - 2.2-2.5, sodium - 135-145, potassium - 3.3-4.9 mmol / l.
Increase or decrease performance Sodium occurs due to loss of water and salt (the amount decreases vomiting and indigestion, chronic adrenal insufficiency). Increase Potassium occurs in renal failure, overdose of certain medications, diabetes. Reducing it possible indicators in lesions bowel, diarrhea, vomiting and so on. The calcium in blood increases during an overdose of vitamin D and calcium, jaundice, stress fractures, chronic depression, because of certain drugs, diseases of the parathyroid and thyroid glands. Reducing calcium appears when its absorption in the gut is disturbed, and due to a lack of vitamin D- rickets, dystrophy, pregnancy, etc. Magnesium -. plays an important role in the neuromuscular system. Increasing magnesium in the body happens in malnutrition, malabsorption of this element in the gut, enhanced renal excretion of magnesium.
Norma (for the mother) from 0,7-1.2 mmol / l.
His figures reflect the work of the thyroid gland and changes in diabetes.

Phosphorus.
Normal values ​​for the future mother of 1-2 mmol / L.
Increasing its content in the blood is observed with an overdose of vitamin D, decreased function of the parathyroid glands, kidney failure. Snizhenie- with rickets, renal acidosis.

Chloride.
Normal values ​​96 109 mmol / L.
Chlorides regulate osmotic pressure in the body. Their decrease in the body occurs in diarrhea, vomiting, lack of adrenal function. Increase in renal failure, dehydration.

Copper - is involved in the processes of erythropoiesis and synthesis of heme.
The normal value of 16 31 mol / L.

Enzymes blood Enzymes blood -. Aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, amylase, phosphatase, lipase, etc. They are actively involved in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Their activity provides job specific organ or an entire system. The high activity of some enzymes says the defeat of a specific organ, for example - pancreatic lipase secreted by the pancreas and gives an indication of her work and daily excretion of creatinine - a chemical involved in muscle contraction - depend on proper nutrition, which is important for good labor.
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