Cysticercosis

Cysticercosis. Etiology, pathogenesis. The causative agent is the larval stage of the tartar pig (cysticerci). Cysticercosis develops as a result of the ingestion of pork chicken eggs into the stomach (contaminated foods, dirty hands, the throwing of mature segments from the intestine into the stomach, for example, when vomiting in persons infected with the mature form of the pork chain). The main role is played by mechanical action. Violation of functions depends on the localization of cysticerca.

Symptoms, course. With cysticercosis of the central nervous system, the cerebral hemisphere, the ventricles and the base of the brain are affected. This causes epileptiform seizures, meningeal phenomena, mental disorders, etc. Cysticercosis of the eye can cause various visual impairments right up to blindness. Cysticercosis of soft tissues is usually asymptomatic. For diagnostics, in addition to clinical data, immunological reactions (DSC with antigens from cysticerci), studying the cellular composition of cerebrospinal fluid, using a radiograph of the skull, computed tomography, ultrasound are used. For cysticercosis of the eye, ophthalmoscopy is used. Surface-located cysticercises are revealed during examination and biopsy.

Treatment. With cysticercosis of the brain and eye, surgical treatment, with common cysticercosis, is symptomatic. Cases of successful treatment with mebendazole are described. To prevent new foci of cysticercosis, deworming is performed, as in intestinal taeniosis.

The prognosis for localization of cysticerci in soft tissues is favorable, with cysticercosis of the brain - very serious.

Prevention. Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, timely detection and treatment of patients with shadows.

Enterobiosis. Etiology, pathogenesis. Pathogen - pinworm, parasitic in the lower part of the small and large intestine. Possible crawling in the appendix, female genital organs. The life expectancy of pinworms is up to 75 days. Pinworms have a mechanical, toxic and allergic effect on the body, contributing to inflammatory processes in the intestine, perianal region, genitalia (especially in girls), urinary tract.

Symptoms, course. The main symptom is an itch in the area of ​​the anus at night, lasting for several days and repeating in 3-4 weeks. Often, nausea, loss of appetite, dry mouth, cramping abdominal pain, sometimes diarrhea with mucus, headache, dizziness, insomnia, memory impairment, absent-mindedness, convulsive attacks (in children). In the blood eosinophilia is revealed, for which a wave-like current is characteristic. Sometimes the neurasthenic syndrome develops. Pinworms can contribute to the occurrence of cracks, dermatitis and eczema in the anus, perineum, populist organs, vulvovaginitis, pyelocystitis, masturbation and bedwetting. Diagnosis is established when pinpointing pinworms and detecting eggs in perianal scrapings.

Treatment. Therapy is effective with careful observance of personal prophylaxis and simultaneous treatment of all members of the family, and in children's collective - of all invalids and attendants. To prevent autoinvasation, it is recommended to wear tight-fitting panties or a stretch with an elastic band, ironing them and bedding with a hot iron for 2-3 months. To combat perianal itching and for the purpose of mechanical removal of pinworms and mucus should be inserted at night in the back pass of cotton wool, do cleansing enemas (adults from 5 glasses, children 1-3 glasses of water) which is added with sodium bicarbonate for 1/2 teaspoons On a glass) and in the mornings to wash with warm water with soap an area of ​​an anus. With persistent itching-smearing of itching areas with anesthesin ointment (1 g anestezina and 25 g vaseline) and an appointment inside dimedrol. For the purpose of dehelminthization, pyrvinium pamoate, pyrantel, mercaptrin, vermox, piperazine are prescribed. Pirvini pamoat (vankin) is prescribed in a dose of 5 mg / kg, and kombantinrin - in a dose of 10 mg / kg once after a meal. Vermox (mebendazole) is prescribed in a dose of 100 mg. The course of dehelminthization with piperazine consists of 2-3 5-day cycles with a break of .5 days. The daily dose of 2-3 g. In cases of persistent current of enterobiasis, it is recommended that pirvini pamoat, pyrantel and vermox be administered again at intervals of 2 weeks.

The prognosis is favorable. For prophylaxis, see Hymenolepidosis. Echinococcosis. Etiology, pathogenesis. The exciter-larval stage of echinococcus parasitizes in the liver, lungs and other organs. It is a single-chamber bubble surrounded by a two-layer capsule and filled with liquid; The size of the blisters is from the millet grain to the head of the newborn baby. The bubble grows slowly, its viability persists for many years. The person gets infected most often from dogs, on the wool of which there can be eggs of the parasite. Echinococcal bladder has a mechanical and toxic-allergic effect on tissues. Large bubbles move and squeeze the tissues, disrupting their blood circulation, causing disorders of functions. In injuries and pregnancies, the growth of the bladder accelerates. Absorption of liquid from undamaged blisters leads to sensitization of the body.

Symptoms, course. The initial stage of the disease is usually not diagnosed. With liver damage, early symptoms are pain in the right upper quadrant, eosinophilia, urticaria and fever. An increase in the liver, irregularity of its surface, occasional "hydatid tremor" syndrome and dome protrusion on the liver surface are determined. There may be jaundice, portal vein dysfunction syndrome (ascites, swelling). Radiographically, sometimes a cloven shell of the cyst is detected, a high standing of the right dome of the diaphragm. If the lungs are affected, there may be hemoptysis, dry cough, shortness of breath, symptoms of pleurisy. Sometimes a cyst is detected only with a purposeful examination of the patient (radiological, ultrasound). With the breakthrough of the cyst in the bronchi, a painful cough, sudden shortness of breath, vomiting. From the bronchi, the contents of the echinococcal bladder erupt in the form of a light watery or purulent fluid in which fragments of echinococcus can be found (scraps of shells, scolexes, hooks). Current for many years. The condition of patients remains quite satisfactory for a long time. Dangerous suppuration and rupture, as in this case, the seeding of other organs with scolexes (heads) of the parasite and daughter blisters and sharp anaphylactic reactions up to collapse and death are possible.

The diagnosis is based on epidemiological history, the clinical picture, the results of X-ray, ultrasound and the use of serological diagnostic methods (indirect hemagglutination reactions, latex agglutination reactions with echinococcal antigen).

Treatment is surgical and symptomatic. The prognosis is serious due to possible complications and relapses.

Preventive maintenance: observance of measures of personal hygiene at care of dogs, at processing and removal of skins from animals, gathering of wild berries.