vomiting

Vomiting in children occurs most often occurs more often than the less a child. In young children it is often the result of overfeeding (habitual vomiting, regurgitation). This sudden vomiting, without effort, ie without the involvement of the abdominal:.. It is not preceded by nausea, facial features of the baby is not distorted. The real vomit, on the contrary, preceded by nausea, which is manifested in infant facial pallor, general anxiety, increased heart rate, cold extremities; vomiting takes place with the participation of the abdominal muscles, and therefore the contents of the stomach, "flies" with great power and a patient at the end of vomiting produces a special sound (like a child "chokes"). If the milk does not curdle, despite the fact that the child's stomach was a long time, it is an indirect evidence of failure of the secretory function of the stomach.

About the disease of the stomach tells the admixture of mucus in the vomit, the more blood. Bloody vomiting in children is rare and is a symptom of a peptic ulcer of the stomach, peptic ulcer disease, hemorrhagic syndrome (including the neonatal period), in particular idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a symptom of portal hypertension (false hematemesis in infants may be associated with nipple cracks in the mother, children older - with epistaxis, bloody vomit can simulate the adopted child drugs, foods eaten, etc.).. Most often vomiting is accompanied by feverish illness in children as an early and older (less) age. However febrile period vomiting can not be caused by disease, diet and inexpedient, taking drugs (in particular, antipyretics, sulfonamides, etc.).

Vomiting without fever or background of a slight rise in temperature is observed in children with non-communicable diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, and others.), Including holepatii. Vomiting is an expression of neurosis (hypersensitivity) of the stomach is observed in children with general nervousness, and intensified after some nervous excitement. Such vomiting intermittently for several days continued for months without any consequences, and then (often spontaneously or as a result of a restorative treatment) stops.

The diagnosis of "anorexia" vomiting is based primarily on the elimination of diseases of the stomach, but we must remember and vomiting central nervous origin. Only occasionally "neurogenic" vomiting up very strongly and is accompanied by hiccups. Vomiting functional origin can occur when traveling in transport ( "kinetoses") or in children with migraine. Reflex vomiting often caused by irritation of the intestines, peritoneum (colic nervous or inflammatory origin, persistent constipation, bowel obstruction, intestinal worms, etc.) Or the brain.

"Brain" is accompanied by vomiting, both acute and chronic diseases of the brain (tumor, abscess, hydrocephalus, encephalitis) and shells (viral serous meningitis, tuberculosis, purulent meningitis, including meningococcal, etc.). After vomiting the patient does not feel the relief (as in gastric vomit), and even more weakened. Often this option vomiting is accompanied by severe headache, slowing heart rate, drowsiness.

Vomiting may accompany cough (whooping cough, pharyngitis, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis with difficult expectoration, with an abscess, which revealed in the bronchus).

Severe prolonged vomiting is dangerous because of the possibility of metabolic disorders. However, it is a symptom of severe disorders of homeostasis of the child, such as uremic vomiting, vomiting, hepatic and diabetic coma, with toxicosis of various origins, vomiting at adrenogenital syndrome with salt loss (simulate clinic pyloric stenosis). Vomiting may accompany in infants galactose intolerance and fructose.

Vomiting atsetonemicheskaya. In children, there is a particular tendency to form ketone compounds. Hunger is rich in fat and low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet, persistent vomiting of any origin in a short time leads to the development ketonemia and ketonuria, causing the so-called atsetonemicheskuyu vomiting.

Etiology, pathogenesis insufficiently studied. Vomiting paroxysms often recur at regular intervals, it is more common in girls, preschool and school-age, suffering from neuropathy. Vomiting occurs when acetonemia 5-10-20 times a day, and often leads to exsicosis, shortness of breath may occur. There should be no diabetogenic ketosis and hereditary metabolic diseases.

Treatment. Drip / 10% glucose solution, isotonic sodium chloride solution 100-150 ml / kg solution, B vitamins, especially the B6, cold sweet fruit juice 2-3 teaspoons every 10 minutes. Then a few days, give food, rich in carbohydrates and poor in fat (mashed potatoes, bananas).