Vitamins
Vitamins . Represent a group of organic substances of a diverse chemical structure, which are necessary in very small quantities for the life of the organism, for normal metabolism, for the growth and functioning of cells and tissues. Currently, about 30 different vitamins are known, 20 of them are found in plants. Based on the properties of vitamins , the nature of their distribution in natural foods, the classification of vitamins for water and fat-soluble vitamins has long been accepted (Pokrovsky et al, 1985). To the first - water-soluble - vitamins belong a large group of B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic, nicotinic, folic, para-aminobenzoic, pangamic acids, inositol, cyanocobalamin, choline), ascorbic acid, biofla-vonoids. The second group of vitamins - fat -soluble - includes retinol, phyllochinone, a-tocopherol, ergocalciferol. Such a scheme helps to find in nature sources of obtaining vitamins with food, to analyze the process of their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Most vitamins enter the human body directly with food, either in the form of provitamins , coenzymes and enzymes. Together with hormones and enzymes, vitamins form a single physiological whole, take part in cellular respiration, affect the state of the nervous system, endocrine glands, enhance immunobiological processes, increase the body's resistance to diseases, exert anti-inflammatory action, promote detoxification, play an important role in metabolism.
In plants, vitamins are in certain proportions with other biologically active substances and microelements. Vegetable raw materials are very valuable for a person, as when using it, the possibility of overdosing vitamins and the occurrence of side effects that are inevitable when using individual synthetic vitamin preparations in high doses is practically excluded.
Most of the vitamins are not synthesized in the body, but come mainly from plant food, they participate in the use and assimilation of proteins, fats, carbohydrates in the protective functions of various organs and systems of man. The lack or lack of vitamins in food, a violation of their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and a number of other factors lead to hypo- or avitaminosis. Being a non-protein part of the enzyme, vitamins take part in their synthesis and functioning. When analyzing the effects of vitamins, one should take into account not only their specific properties. By activating various functions of the body, metabolism and neuro-reflex regulation, vitamins can be effective in various pathological processes, and therefore they should be considered as pharmaceutical agents.
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