How muscles work in different exercises. The most complete visual information!

Why do muscles grow?

It is known that due to the reduction of muscle fibers (if more precisely myofibrils, which are responsible for it), the muscle itself also decreases. The signal comes from the motoneurons of the spinal cord and follows the axon and, branching, joins the muscle fibers. Myofibrils consist of sarcomeres, which contain the protein myosin and actin (see image).

During the contraction of the muscle fiber, the myosin bands with the help of the processes pull the actin filaments towards each other. The shoots contain an ATP molecule, and they receive a signal to reduce (1). Then, under the action of the enzyme, ATP on the process passes into ADP + F (2).

The outgrowth of myosin combines with the actin filament (3) and the actin filaments are pulled up to each other, thanks to the release of energy from the ATP molecule (4). However, the process is still linked to the actin filament, but without molecules of energy. Then a new molecule of ATP arrives, and the outgrowth of myosin is already detached from the actin filament (5).

This is how the process of muscle contraction looks. Understanding the process of muscle contraction will make it easier to understand how muscles grow. So, in every cell there is a nucleus (the same muscle fiber contains many nuclei), which contains DNA - information about the structure of the cell. In the case of muscle damage (their microtraumas with a heavy load), thanks to this "memory disc," a new tissue is built at the site of damage. Moreover, the process of recovery takes place in the supercompensation mode, i.e. Additional material is being built over the injured structures.

Microtraumas in muscles occur when there is no necessary ATP molecule to detach the myosin processes from actin filaments. It turns out that microtrauma - this is nothing like the detachment of the above process. After such a separation (and there are quite a lot of them, because there are thousands of processes in the muscle):

• The organism restores its original structure, recreating the damaged processes;
• Thanks to a good protective reaction (and survival mechanism) to stress, the body seeks funds to build additional outgrowths of myosin. Thus, the next time this weight of burdening is hardly "shocking", which means that the working weight will increase and the muscle will increase in volume.

Muscle Atlas and Muscle Groups

And to start a few words about the very concept - the atlas of muscles. This is a generalized picture of the muscle groups that belong to all parts of the human body. In accordance with the latter, the muscles are divided into:

• Muscles of the back
• Muscles of the breast
• Muscles of the shoulder girdle
• Muscles of hands
• Abdominal muscles
• Muscles of the legs

In each part of the body, they separate their muscle groups - a complex consisting of several muscles that perform the same motor function. Very often, with the same movement in exercises, almost all muscles from one muscle group are involved, therefore they operate with the names of muscle groups. Although, the latter can sometimes be omitted and replaced by the name of the largest muscle of this group, for example, the anterior surface of the thigh is often "called" quadriceps (quadriceps).

Interesting Facts:

• A person has more than 680 different muscles
• Muscles of the jaw develop an effort of 80 kg
• The fastest muscle is the muscle of the eyelid, responsible for blinking
• The largest muscle is gluteal (in some, just a very large
• The smallest muscle is a staped (3 mm), adjusts the sensitivity of the ear to the sound
• The strongest muscle - calf, can hold weight up to 150 kg
• Functionality of the thumb muscles is 75% of the functionality of all the muscles of the hand