PNEUMIC MICROCYCLE

PNEUMOMICS - respiratory diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. The cause can be widespread mold, radiant and yeast-like fungi. Quite often there are mixed pneumomycoses caused by various fungi (for example, molds and yeast-like ones), and associated pneumomycoses arising from infection with fungi and other microorganisms (bacteria, viruses).

Pathogenic fungi that cause pneumocytosis are found in soil, industrial dust, including in the dust of medical institutions (for example, in dust from mattresses); They can be found on insufficiently disinfected surgical instruments, medical equipment and materials. In the transfer of fungi are involved insects (flies, cockroaches, etc.). Pathogenic fungi enter the respiratory tract mainly aerogenic. In addition, they can get into the respiratory tract from other foci of mycosis that exist in the body. Thus, with the candidiasis of the oral mucosa of the oral cavity, the trachea and bronchi can be affected by the spread of the infectious process on them. Possible hematogenous metastasis of the pathogen of fungal infection from its extrapulmonary foci. Some fungi (for example, the genus Candida), related to the opportunistic flora and constantly inhabiting the respiratory tract, can reduce the resistance of the organism and acquire pathogenic properties and cause endogenous pneumomycosis.

When pathogenic fungi enter the respiratory tract from the outside, a temporary carrier usually occurs. In the case of a decrease in the resistance of the organism, the carrier becomes resistant, and then the disease develops. Pneumomycosis often develops in persons receiving hormonal, cytostatic or radiation therapy. They are detected in about 3% of AIDS patients. The emergence of pneumomycosis contributes to dysbacteriosis , associated with irrational use of antibiotics.

Clinical picture . With massive single infection with pathogenic fungi, the disease develops sharply in the form of tracheitis, bronchitis or pneumonia. In weakened patients or with repeated inhalation of small doses of fungi, the disease takes a chronic course characterized by alternating phases of exacerbation and remission. In this case, the connective tissue develops excessively in the lung tissue (see Pneumosclerosis), dyspnea may appear, often streaks of blood appear in the sputum, possibly profuse pulmonary hemorrhage.

The diagnosis is based mainly on clinical and epidemiological data, the results of X-ray and instrumental examination, microscopic and culture examination of sputum and bronchial irrigation water, immunological examination, histological examination of the biopsy of the affected tissue. Sputum, bronchial washings, biopsy specimens should be examined within 2 hours after preparation and storage at 4 ° C.

Treatment is carried out in a hospital. Assign antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, amphoglucamine, mycoseptin , nizoral (with pneumomycosis caused by mold and yeast-like fungi), iodine preparations (with pneumococcosis caused by mold fungi), nystatin , levorin (with pneumococcosis caused by yeast-like fungi), actinolysate , Caused by radiant fungi).

The indications are stimulating, immunocorrecting, detoxification therapy. When combined fungal-bacterial infection for a short time prescribe antibiotics, in the presence of allergic manifestations - hormonal drugs.

Particular attention is paid to rational nutrition and the regimen of patients, it is recommended to exercise in the open air. Alcoholic beverages and smoking should be excluded.

Prevention includes sealing of technological processes, accompanied by the release of dust; Use of respirators in industries with increased dust content of air, including in agriculture; Mycological monitoring of the environment; Increasing the body's resistance; Prevention of dysbiosis; Observance of the rules of disinfection and sterilization. A dispensary observation of persons working in conditions of high dust content of the air is necessary if there is insufficient sealing of the technological process: agricultural workers, weaving and tea factories, enterprises using producer fungi (for example, molds for the production of citric acid, yeast-like fungi for obtaining biovitamin concentrates); Road workers, archaeologists, speleologists, and others.