Russian Bible | Russian Bible

The Bible is the canonical collection of texts considered sacred in Judaism and Christianity. Orthodox and Catholic texts of the Bible differ from Protestant by the presence of additional books in the Old Testament, which are regarded as "non-canonical" or "deuterocanonical" (in Catholicism).

There are also differences in the sequence of books in the Bible in various traditions. The Hebrew Bible (Tanah) contains 3 sections from 24 books: 5 books of Torah ("Teaching" or "Law"), Neviim ("Prophets") and Ktuvim ("Scriptures"). In the Tanach, the "Prophets" (Neviim) precede the Scriptures (Ktuvim) and include the books of "early prophets": the books of Joshua, Judges 1 and 2 Samuel (1 and 2 Kings) and 1 and 2 Kings (3 and 4 Kings) , Which in the Christian tradition are regarded as historical, along with books Chronicles. In addition, in the Jewish tradition, Daniel's book is viewed not as a prophetic one, but as part of Scripture.

The content of Christian Bibles varies from the Protestant canon (66 books) to the canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (81 books). The first part of the Christian Bible - the Old Testament - basically represents a regrouped Jewish Bible, divided into 39 books. The Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Christianity also include second-canonical books in the Old Testament. The second part - the New Testament - consists of 27 books: 4 canonical Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, 21 messages of the Apostles and Revelation of St. John the Divine.

The Old Testament idea of ​​holiness, as an indispensable attribute of God, most fully revealed in the book of Leviticus, led to the spread among Christians of the names "Holy Bible" or "Holy Scripture." Many Christians consider the entire canonical text of the Bible to be a divine revelation. The most ancient Greek manuscripts with the full text of the Christian Bible date back to the 4th century. N. E. The surviving manuscripts of Tanakh, written in Hebrew and Aramaic, date from the Xth century AD. But there is the Vatican Code with the Septuagint, also attributed to the beginning of the IV century. N. E. The Bible is divided into chapters by Stephen Langton (13th century) and verses by Robert Etienne (16th century). Commonly quoted from the book, chapter and verse.

The Old Testament is written in Hebrew (Biblical Hebrew), with the exception of some parts written in Aramaic. The New Testament is written in ancient Greek (in the form of koine).

The Bible is the best-selling book of all time, with an average annual sales of about 100 million copies, and has a tremendous impact on literature and history, especially in the West, becoming the first sample of popular literature.