domestic electric appliances

About electricity for the "Dummies"

In your apartment is full of a variety of electrical appliances, and their number is growing every year. All instruments can and must be used more efficiently, cost-effective and, most importantly, safely. For this we need to know a few general provisions.

Try to remove from the use of obsolete equipment. Modern appliances are convenient to use, more efficient and generally more profitable economically.

It is important that the device that you purchase fit your needs. To do this, take into account the family structure, lifestyle, number of children, frequency of use, etc., and only then decide what characteristics must have electrical instru district that you wish to purchase.

It is recommended to analyze and compare the power consumption of various appliances for which data is usually given on the label or in the factory attached to the instrument instruction manual.

Make sure that the wiring and protective devices in your apartment are suitable for the installation of the appliance purchased.

Before turning the appliance, carefully read the instructions for its use!

heaters

Here is a comparative description of some of the heaters.

Reflector. It consists of one or more heating elements and a reflector. The energy transferred by radiation reflector   ( "Mirror") in the direction in which the device is turned. Power consumption - 1200 - 3200 watts. By instrument benefits include its relatively low cost, as well as the beginning of the heat immediately after switching on.

However, the reflectors have a number of drawbacks:

• The heat is distributed in one direction only, the room warms up slowly.

• High temperatures can cause a fire objects near the reflector.

• High temperatures and lack of cover for the heating elements are a danger to children.

• The lack of temperature control.

• It dries the air in the room.

Heater. Air flows through openings, heated helices (one or more) and is distributed by the fan. Power consumption - 1000 - 3000 watts. Typically, the instrument has a temperature regulator and mode switch (change amount included helices). The device is safe, as the spiral safely hidden. In summer it can be used as a fan. Heater forced circulation through quickly and evenly warms the room. The disadvantages of the device:

• It dries the air in the room.

• A powerful air stream and noise at work can create an unpleasant sensation in people with high sensitivity.

Heater. Air flows through openings in the bottom of the unit, is heated by coils and exits the top. Power consumption - 500 - 3000 watts. The device is also safe and can be installed in the children's room. It is also equipped with a thermostat and switch modes. However, compared with the fan heater it is more slowly warms the room. The heater also dries the air in the room.

Oil heater (radiator). It contains a heating element (one or more), which heats the oil in a closed system. In contact with the air heater in the room is heated. Power consumption - 2000 - 2500 watts. The device is completely safe, equipped with a mode switch and thermostat. Heat is distributed evenly in all directions, and the air in the room is dried. The disadvantages of the device are a lot of weight, relatively high cost, slow heating of premises.

How to save energy when using heating devices.

1. Do not let the heat leak. It is important to achieve a snug fit of doors and windows in the rooms, which should eliminate the gap between the window and the frame, and the door jamb. Penetration through air gap leads to heat loss, and consequently to an increase in power consumption.

2. not heat empty rooms.

3. In winter it is recommended to maintain the room temperature at 18 - 20 ° C, provided that the people in the apartment, dressed in comfortable clothes, appropriate season. If the heater is not equipped with a thermostat, the air temperature in the room can be traced on the thermometer mounted on the wall. The thermostat allows you to set the desired temperature in a heated room. He turns off the device as soon as the temperature reaches a predetermined level, and automatically turns it on when the temperature is below the set.

4. It must be ensured free flow of heated air from the device into the room (especially when using a fan heater). Do not use the appliance for drying clothes, do not clutter it with various objects.

Do not place near the heater and combustible materials or flammable objects!

Fridge

The power of this appliance is relatively small, however, it can consume a sufficient amount of energy as running continuously 24 hours a day. To conserve power, perform a series of recommendations.

• Choose the amount of cameras purchased the refrigerator in accordance with the required number of products to be stored in it.

• Fitting of the refrigerator should be removed from the heat sources and protected from sunlight.

• For full isolation is recommended to close the door tightly and checked periodically isolating rubber gaskets. The deformed spacers lead to the penetration of external warm air into the chamber, which in turn entails increased power consumption. The doors open as little as possible and keep them open for a long time.

• Keep the refrigerator back wall is not covered with dust. Provide free air circulation around the appliance.

• Do not put food in the fridge warm. Wait until the food has cooled to room temperature.

• Set the thermostat to the temperature of 5º - 7º.

• Timely defrost and clean the refrigerator. The build-up of ice significantly increases power consumption. Use vinegar diluted in water - it will help get rid of the odor. Before defrosting, lower the temperature in the freezer. This will allow the products to remain cold for a long time after removal from the freezer.

• Freezer is recommended to fill, at least two-thirds of its capacity, which will ensure its efficient operation. On the other hand, it should not be placed too many products, since it is necessary to ensure the free circulation of air in the chamber.

Washer

Washing machine - one of the most common electrical appliances, without which it is difficult to imagine our life. It's so simple - laying lingerie, pour detergent, pour fabric softener, press the button and after a while we get a clean nice smelling linen. It is important to know that not all the washing machines are the same, not the same as the requirements for washing in different families. So before you buy a washing machine should be considered:

• The composition of your family. The larger the family, the greater the power of the machine and the volume of its washing tub.

• The spin speed. Choose a car with a higher spin speed because the higher it is, the drier the washed clothes.

• Consumption electricity machine, water and detergents. The latest models of washing machines are more economical.

Modern washing machine consumes more than 10 A. It can not be included in the overall network of apartment. Preparation of base for a washing machine includes the laying of a separate electrical wiring, installation of the machine 16 A and a three-pole socket.

The following guidelines will help you save energy when using the washing machine:

• It is recommended to lay the tank no more and no less than the amount of laundry, for which it is designed. Overload, as well as uneconomical and underload. Furthermore, the quality suffers and washing.

• It is recommended to use a program with pre-rinsing only for very soiled laundry. Without pre-rinsing saves about 20% energy.

• Washing at a water temperature of 60º instead of 90º will save you about 25% of electricity. Therefore, if the laundry is not too dirty, it makes sense to wash at a lower temperature.

Electric stove

Electric stove as well as a washing machine requires a separate laying wiring, installation of the machine 16 A and a three-pole socket. It is recommended to give preference to the plate is not as powerful, but made by modern technology - it allows you to save electricity.

For efficient and economical operation is recommended:

• The diameter of the pan must match the diameter of the cooking zone.

• The pan should have a smooth bottom and closed by a suitable cover

• When cooking the food in the pan should not be much water.

• After the water in the pan boils, it is recommended to reduce the temperature to the desired level for further cooking.

• Shortly before the end of cooking it is recommended to turn off the burner, as its slow cooling will provide enough heat to finish cooking.

• When cooking, try as possible to lift the cover less that retains heat and prevents excess power consumption and reduces cooking time.

• Use a pressure cooker - it will save both time and energy.

• Refrain from preheat the oven if this does not require a prescription;

• Do not open the oven door unnecessarily.

Lighting

Lighting of premises must comply with health standards. Insufficient illumination detrimental to health. For example, you should not turn off the ceiling lamp, lighting up the room just a lamp, turn off the full lighting when watching TV programs and so on. The lighting element is selected depending on where it is located, and from assigned to it by the function (general, local, and decorative al.). Correctly selected the type and power of the lamp will enable efficient and economical use of electricity.

There is a wide range of light bulbs, of which there are the most common incandescent lamps. These lamps are cheap, does not require additional accessories. Replace burned out bulb is easy. Incandescent most accurately convey the color of surrounding objects. The disadvantages of incandescent lamps applies a relatively small service life (up to 1000 hours). Another significant drawback - uneconomical. Only less than 5% of consumed energy is converted to light emitted; the rest is spent on heating.

Fluorescent lamps are most common after incandescent lamps. This lamp consumes 6 times less energy than an incandescent lamp, for equal luminance, and also has a longer service life. The fluorescent lamp works only with additional instruments - the choke and starter. The disadvantages of fluorescent lamps also include its large size, very little noise and a distortion of color illuminated objects.

One of the main directions of improvement of lighting technology - is the creation of fluorescent compact lamps. On the design and operating principle compact lamp is no different from the fluorescent except the sizes. Compared to incandescent lamps, fluorescent komakt enable to reduce power consumption by 70% - 85%, the service life of 8 - 13 times higher. Therefore, they will soon be replaced in everyday life incandescent lamp.

To save energy without impairing the quality of light is recommended:

• Maximum use of natural light. Keep the windows. Do not clutter the windowsills. Do not hang a few curtains and window blinds.

• Application of appropriate lighting.

• Contents clean lamps and the places where they are installed (walls, floors, ceilings).

• The use of bright colors (reflective) for painting the walls, floor and ceiling in the choice of color furniture.

• The use of lighting controls (dual switches for chandeliers, switches to a rheostat, etc.).

• Using a high-power incandescent lamp instead of two low-power. For example, the use of a lamp of 100 W instead of two 60-watt reduces energy consumption by 20%, not to mention reducing the cost of buying lamps.

Sophisticated lighting system in the house a significant impact on energy consumption.

Electronic devices

By the electronic devices in your home, sensitive to voltage spikes include TVs, VCRs, stereos, computers, etc., Which are collected from the smallest electronic components based on advanced technologies. They may suffer primarily from power surges, if their creation is not adequate protection was provided. This reduces the life of the appliance, and in some cases may cause it to crash. The following is recommended for the protection of sensitive electronic devices:

• Do not connect the sensitive electronic devices to the same outlet, or to the same circuit, which is already connected to another device with an electric motor, such as a refrigerator, washing machine.

• Turn off sensitive electronic devices and disconnect them from the mains (plug), if not in use for a long time. It is also recommended to disable sensitive electronic equipment during lightning storms, storms and rainfall, as well as power failure.

• With the help of special fuses to protect sensitive electronic equipment from voltage surges. These fuses are installed honey socket and plug the sensitive electronic device. They can be set independently.

• Acquire sensitive electronic equipment with special protection. On this issue, you can consult not only the seller, but also with the technicians and other specialists from the specialized workshops.

The use of all these tools does not guarantee complete protection of sensitive electronic equipment, but significantly reduces the likelihood of damage.