4. Technical parameters tripping devices
4.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION, electrical parameters
For RCDs, due to its special purpose - to protect human life and property must meet extremely high demands in terms of reliability, noise immunity, thermal and electrodynamic stability, performance materials and design. These special requirements, due in part to the relatively high cost of modern RCD.
4.2.1. Design
The RCD must be trip-free mechanism is needed to the movable contacts can be at rest or closed only in the open position even when the controls are in any intermediate position.
The movable contacts of all the poles four-pole RCD must be interconnected mechanically so that all the poles, except for switching the neutral, cutting in and out almost simultaneously, regardless of the manner in which handling - manually or automatically. Contacts pole switching neutral conductor, must be closed earlier and switched off later contacts the other poles (D T = 4.3 ms).
4.2.2. Fire safety requirements
The design of the RCD should provide for its fire safety and efficiency, both in normal operation and in the event of possible faults and violation of rules of operation.
Norms of the State Fire Service Russian Interior Ministry - NPB-243-97 "... The fire safety norms protective devices Safety requirements test methods" specifies requirements for the RCD in the design, installation and certification to ensure the electrical fire safety of newly constructed and renovated residential and public buildings, regardless of ownership and departmental affiliation.
According to NPB-243-97 functional characteristics of the RCD must comply with the requirements set forth in GOST 50807-95.
NPB-243-97 n. 4.2 has the following requirements for insulating and structural plastic materials used for the manufacture of the RCD.
The materials making up outer portions RCD (except decorative elements) and used in the construction of electrical connections for supporting the live parts in a certain position, the ball must withstand pressure.
The materials of which are made part of the RCD must be resistant to flame.
Insulation materials, support structures screw terminal connections, must be resistant to the effects of thermal energy released in the transition resistance of the contact of the defective connection, and also resistant to the hot wire (960 ° C).
The materials that can be formed through a conductive bridge between the parts of different polarity and different capacities should be-tracking.
The design of the RCD must exclude the occurrence during the operation and testing for fire danger flame, smoke, softening and melting of structural materials.
. NPB-243-97 section 4.3 reads as follows:
"The design of the RCD should provide for its fire safety and efficiency, both in normal operation and in the event of possible faults and violations of the rules of operation. In this case, the risk of fire in (from) the RCD must not exceed 10 -6 per year."
Order GUGPS MVD Russia from 17.11.98, the number 73, the RCD are included in the list of products subject to compulsory certification in the field of fire safety for the NPB 243-97 and must pass certification tests at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Russian Interior Ministry of Defence fire (Fire Prevention).
On 01.01.99 the use RCD without the fire safety certificate is prohibited.
4.2.3. Operating mode, electrical parameters
Operating mode - continuous, long lasting.
RCD should disable the protected portion of the network when it appears in a sinusoidal AC or pulsating DC (depending on version) leakage current equal to the residual operating current device (RCD residual operating current according to the requirements of the standard can have a value in the range of 0.5 to the nominal value, specified by the manufacturer).
RCD, functionally independent of the supply voltage shall not operate when removing and re-enable the network voltage.
RCD should not produce automatic reclosing.
RCD, functionally independent of the supply voltage must not depend on the presence of voltage in a controlled network should continue to operate on loss of zero or phase conductors.
RCD should be triggered by pressing the "Test" button.
The efficiency of the operational control device (the button "Test") must be maintained while reducing the voltage to a value of 0,85 U n.
The design of the control operating unit must exclude the possibility of contact with the mains voltage in the circuit connected to the output terminals of the RCD by pressing the "Test" when the RCD is in the open position. This means that the test circuit shall be connected to the input terminal of the RCD through contact, interlocked with the power of the contact group.
RCD must be protected against short-circuit serial protection device (ROM): circuit breaker or fuse, comply with the relevant standards. At the same time the nominal current ROM must not exceed the rated operating current of the RCD.
RCD should be resistant to unwanted tripping when the inrush current to the ground due to the inclusion of a capacitive load.
RCD tests are carried out for this parameter a current pulse with a peak value of 200 A with a rise time of 0.5 microseconds.
RCD should be resistant to surge impulses.
Tests are carried out:
application to the phase and neutral (phase, neutral and connected together) conclusions RCD impulse voltage 6 kV package lasting at least 10 seconds;
application to the live parts and the base of the RCD (RCD is fixed on a metal basis) impulse voltage of 8 kV at least 10 seconds.
The pulsed voltage generator is obtained by giving positive and negative pulses of 1.2 microseconds front.
The insulation resistance of electrical circuits RCD under normal weather conditions must be at least 10 megohms.
Insulation RCD electrical circuits shall withstand for 1 minute without breakdown and surface flashover impact test voltage 2200 V (rms) AC 50 Hz.
According to GOST R 51326.1-99 manufacturer must ensure reliable operation of the RCD for at least 5 years from the date of commissioning.
4.2.4. Excess temperature
Temperature rise of parts RCD should not exceed the limit values set out in Table. 4.5.
Table 4.5.
| parts | Temperature rise, ° C |
| Terminals for external connections | 65 |
| The outer parts, which have to touch during manual control RCD, including controls, made of insulating material and a metal connection for connecting several isolated poles controls | 40 |
| External metal parts of the administration | 25 |
| Other external parts, including the surface of the RCD, directly in contact with the mounting surface | 60 |
4.2.5. Marking and other product information
On each RCD should be durably marked with the indication of all or, for small amounts of the following data.
1. Name or trade mark (mark) of the manufacturer.
2. Type designation, catalog number or serial number.
3. Rated voltage U n.
4. Rated frequency, if the RCD is designed for a frequency other than 50 and (or) 60 Hz.
5. Rated current I n Load.
6. The rated residual current I D n.
7. The rated making and breaking switching capacity I m.
8. Rated conditional short-circuit current I nc.
9. Degree of protection (only in case it differs from 1R20);
10. The symbol [S] for type S devices, [G] for the type of device G.
11. Note that the RCD is functionally dependent on line voltage, if any.
12. Designation of a control device management body - the button "Test" - the letter T.
13. Wiring.
14. Performance: AC type - symbol 
Type A - symbol 
Marking according to claims. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 should be located so as to be visible after mounting RCD.
Information device according to claim. 1, 7, 13 may be applied to the side or rear surface of the device, visible only to install the product.
Information device according to claim. 4, 9, 11, and the Joule integral value I 2 t and the peak current I p to be brought into operational documentation.
Conclusions designed exclusively for connecting the circuit neutral conductor shall be marked "N" letter.
Standard ambient temperatures (-5-40 ° C) can not be specified. Operating temperature range (-25-40 ° C) denoted 
.
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