section Home Production, Amateur Radio amateur Model aircraft, rocket- Useful, entertaining	Stealth master Electronics Physics Technologies invention	space Mystery Earth Mysteries Secrets of the Ocean Stealth section Map
Use of material is permitted for reference (for websites - hyperlinks)

TECHNOLOGY COATING OF METALS

1 | 2

Golden-yellow stain brass items

Small brass items, such as buttons, snaps, buckles and the like, can be painted in golden yellow paint by dipping them into a copper wire to a neutral solution of copper acetate (verdigris). The solution should be completely neutral, i.e. do not change color or red or blue litmus paper Neutralization it, if necessary, produce acetic acid.

Small brass items, such as buttons, snaps, buckles and the like, can be painted in golden-red paint by rubbing with a mixture of 4 elements of washed chalk (powder) and 1 part of gold leaf, moistened with water to the consistency of gruel. Gold leaf is nothing else like sulfur (disulfide) tin; it looks like real gold color on further, like the finishing, is not affected by atmospheric influences.

Small brass items, such as buttons, snaps, buckles and the like, can be painted in purple paint lubricated extremely hot things with a piece of cotton wool soaked in oil antimony. Antimony oil (Butyrum antimonij) there is an impure antimony trichloride;

Typically, as a pure black, as well as the gray coloration obtained education at the surface copper oxide or sulphide copper things. But both of these can be achieved by coloring and deposition on the surface of things other sulfur compounds of metals - lead, bismuth, mercury and the like Will stain completely black or light black, ie, gray, depending on the composition as causing color, so also from the pores of the finishing steps.

For the formation on the surface of things black copper oxide preheated article is dipped for a few seconds in a solution of copper in excess nitric acid and then hold it over a fire until the charcoal until its surface does not start to turn black. To obtain a uniform and sufficiently thick black coloring operation is repeated several times, otherwise the color will not quite black greyish only. After staining thing is wiped with a cloth moistened with oil. Thus the usual black optical instruments.

For brass and bronze mozhnopotreblyat and the following solution: 2 elements arsenic (arsenous not!) Acid, hydrochloric acid, 4 elements, 1 share of sulfuric acid and 80 parts water. Arsenic acid mozhnozamenit oil antimony (antimony trichloride). Item immersed in the solution, warmed up to 50 ° C and the immersion time to touch during thereto wand zinc.

Very good painting alienates the solution of the double salt sodium sernovatistokislogo also lead: 45 g of sugar of lead (lead acetate) dissolved in ¾ liter of water, only 150 g sernovatistokislogo sodium (hypo) in ½ liter of water. Both solutions were mixed and heated up to 85-93 ° C. Surface things immersed into a solution quite rapidly covered with a layer of lead sulfide. The color of this layer to the measure of the thickening also changes at the end is very beautiful - metallic gray.

Likewise, it turns black coloring bismuth sulfide. For this item, painted like explained above, bismuth nitrate solution in a brown color, one must immerse still hot in a strong solution of sulfuric liver (Hepar sulfuris) - brown paint quickly turns into black.

This is usually used antimony oil (Butyrum antimonij), mixed with olive or other vegetable oil. This mixture sukonki by rubbing the surface of iron or steel items. At what time of day later through the main rubbing the surface covered with rust, rub it with the same composition in another time, then a third time, etc. Keep it up to as long as that does not get the desired coloring - from light to dark brown in color, depending on the number of rubbing. It causes staining of the deposition on the surface of things iron and antimony oxide.

Staining bright metallic iron in a dark brown color can be obtained if the iron preheated up to boiling temperature, momentarily immersed in 10% aqueous solution of chromic red salt (potassium dichromate), and dried in the atmosphere and then hold 1 2 minutes over hot wood coals. The operation is repeated three times steam, until the desired shade. After the rinse, dry and wipe sukonkoy slightly moistened with linseed oil. But success is necessary that the iron was heated up to a temperature of 100 ° C (or very close). If the heat were not enough, the painting comes bad as the water in which the iron is washed at the end of the operation, is painted in yellow color, but if, on the contrary, the iron was heated by an extremely strong staining paint will not shiny brown, matte black only.

Bluing iron and steel, which has the aim on the one hand, make the surface of these metals beautiful appearance, but with a different - protect them from rust consists, as is known, it is that the metal surfaces are carefully polished and cleansed of fat and slime , rubbed with various mixtures of the respectively selected substances and then subjected to high temperature. Here are some of the most practical and quickly acting formulations for bluing.

1) 1 share of silver nitrate (silver nitrate)

500 parts water;

2) 1 share antimony chloride,

1 part olive oil:

3) the two elements antimony chloride,

2 parts of iron chloride (crystalline) acid;

4) 54 elements of copper sulfate,

3 parts of iron filings, 14 elements of nitric acid (strong vodka) elements 26 alcohol, 200 parts water.

Blackening (so-called black) - widespread as only approximately applicable in practice means coloring the surface of silver or silver-plated items, and painted in black paint is not the entire surface of things, but only parts of it in the form of various shapes, patterns, arabesques and etc . Such silver jewelry items rabble very long since known to us: Tula silver snuff boxes and cigar cases, the Caucasian belt and dagger "by the mob."
Blackening process is the formation or deposition on the surface of the silver sulfide silver things.
Artisanal blackening produced by chemical route: engraved on the surface of things in-depth patterns filled with fusible composition comprising silver sulfide, then the item is exposed to high temperature sufficient to fuse the composition of silver. In short, there is a "black enamel" partial coverage of the surface of things, the composition of which varies in different artisans. This is one of such recipes good black enamel: silver 38 parts, copper elements 72, 50 parts of lead, sulfur elements 384 as borax elements 36 in the crucible is melted, and a part of the metals are converted to sulfur. After cooling, the alloy is pulverized into refined powder also carefully screened. At the use of etched enamel powder sprinkled places and thing kept on fire until until it melts again enamel could not fill the depressions. After cooling, the excess enamel wash, grind and thing poliruyut.Na major production of ferrous suggest largely plated through.
Sometimes silver or silver-plated items (vases, candelabra, figure) podchernivayut graphite. To do this, they lubricate the pasty mixture of 6chastey graphite powder and powdered bloodstone with turpentine (Bloodstone or crocus - is native iron oxide). At what time of lubrication is dry, wipe the item with a soft brush and suede, then its convex space, to give them greater luster polish with a cloth moistened with alcohol or vodyary. Such podchernenie purely mechanical as it is caused by the same conditions, which over time produces a pollution of any metal surface, ie, soliciting speck particles (in this case, the role played by graphite dust particle) to the uneven and rough surfaces. Consequently, the less smooth surface, the more successful it podchernenie achieved this mechanically. This blackening, of course, not so firmly as if the chemical.

The surface of an object made of aluminum polished first smallest emery powder, then smeared with olive oil and heated, with frequent lubrication this oil over the alcohol lamp until until that olive oil can not be painted in black. Thereafter, the heating is stopped and on the subject of cooling oil wipe cloth.

As is known, solder copper elements most commonly used tin solder but this has one flaw: in places of soldering tin ugly white-spot stands a snow-white stripe on a copper background welded parts. To eliminate this disadvantage, it is recommended follow a simple trick: solder premises covered by a saturated solution of copper sulfate, for which 10 vitriol elements are dissolved in 35 parts of water and covered with elements of the solder is ground and then iron wire as this method Copper Spike, after which the second cover spike solution of 1 part intense vitriol of copper and 2 parts of saturated zinc sulfate and zinc coating is rubbed a stick. Treated this way the room spikes can be polished, while also projecting elements tin solder perfectly blend in with the tone of copper soldered parts.