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Technology of manufacturing varnishes
For metals

Varnishes for snow-white tin

The following varnishes are suitable not only for snow-white tin, but for all metals common.

I. 2 elements of pine resin, 4 elements of turpentine, 1 part of dessicant, 2 elements of boiled linseed oil.

II. 2 elements of dammar resin, 4 elements of turpentine, 1 part of dessicant, 2 elements of drying oil. The varnish can be painted in fine brownish-yellow and golden paint with dragon blood, asphalt also with gummogut.

III. 2 elements of shellac in grains, 8 parts of Venetian turpentine, 12 parts of sandaraka, 155 elements of alcohol.

IV. 200 elements of sandaraka, 34 elements of Venetian turpentine, 100 elements of mastic, 666 parts of alcohol.

V. 15 elements of shellac, 2 elements of Venetian turpentine, 8 elements of sandaraka, 75 parts of alcohol.

VI. 15 elements of dammarovoy resin are pulverized, fused in a cauldron, 1 part of Venetian turpentine is added, the boiler is removed from the flame and also gently added to 20-40 parts of warmed turpentine.

VII. 9 elements of dammarovoi resin, 13 elements of linseed oil, 17 elements of turpentine. The varnish is stained with dragon blood, gumigut and others.

VIII. Greenish-gold varnish. Triturate in a porcelain mortar 10 elements of crystalline acetic acid copper oxide in a fine powder, which is poured a thin layer on a flat plate, also put on some time in a warm room, with crystallization water and a share of acetic acid volatilize. The powder, which later became light brown, is ground in a mortar with turpentine, where 30 elements of the copal varnish, heated up to 70 ° C, are added, with constant stirring, if the acetic acid oxide of copper is well ground, then, with stirring, a large proportion of it dissolves into For 15 minutes, after which the lacquer is poured into a bottle, which is stored for several days in a warm room, from time to time shaking. The lacquer prepared in this way is evenly applied to the coated tin, which is then dried in a drying oven. Accordingly, the degree of heating is obtained on the sheet or that of a different color; First a greenish color appears which, when the heating is increased, the yellow also becomes a dark yellow golden color, then the orange is additionally, after all, a reddish-brown hue. Coloring data does not change in any way from the effect of sunlight, which has a place when using English golden varnish, and surpass it in gloss. The strength of the resulting coating depends on the quality of the used kopalovoy varnish: if the final was of proper quality, then the varnished tin can be squeezed out also bend without fear of damaging the varnish. The education of golden color is due to the fact that copper oxide turns into nitrous, in addition, the more is taken away by heating the copper salt of oxygen, the darker the color turns out. If you want to apply this varnish with a green coating, then apply it five times, and the next coating is applied, at which time the previous one has completely dried up; Then it should be similar to make drying with moderate heating.

IX. The golden lacquer. 14 elements of shellac, 8 parts of sabur, 8 sandarak elements are ground into powder, gradually added to 70 parts of heated turpentine, and the mash is heated up to dissolution.

Gold varnish for snow-white tin

Triturate in a porcelain mortar 40 g of crystalline acetic acid copper oxide in a fine powder addition, pouring on a thin plate a thin layer, put on some time in a warm place. When the powder acquires a light brown color, it is triturated in a mortar with turpentine and 120 g of fat copal varnish heated up to 70 ° C are also added with constant stirring. In this operation, a considerable portion of the acetic acid salt dissolves within 15 minutes, after which the varnish is poured The bottle is also stored for several days in a warm room, shaking from time to time. The lacquer prepared in this way is evenly applied to the tin, which is then dried in an oven. Accordingly, the degree of heating on the tin is obtained by one or another color - first greenish, which, with more significant heating, turns into a dark yellow gold, then into an orange, in addition, in a reddish-brown color. Painting with this varnish has significant advantages over the commonly used English gold varnish. First, it exceeds its brilliance, only in the second place, as opposed to English varnish, does not change at all from the action of daylight. In addition, if the copal varnish was of good quality, then the varnishing of the tin with the newly made varnish is so strong that the tin can be bent into any shape without any fear of damaging the coating.

Varnishes for metals

The varnishes, the recipes of which we reproduce below, are suitable for all metals.

I. Golden lacquer. Dissolve 20 elements of shellac, 1 share of boric acid, 1 share of picric acid (or more), 179 parts of alcohol.

II. Dissolve 7.5 elements of dragon blood, 40 parts of gumigut, 30 elements of mastic, 30 parts of shellac, 7.5 Element elements, 20 parts of sandalwood, 20 parts of sandaraka, 15 elements of Venetian turpentine, 850 elements of alcohol.

III. Dissolve when heated 100 parts of granular shellac, 80 elements of Venetian turpentine, 100 elements of sandaraka, 25 parts of gumigut, 700 elements of turpentine.

IV. 15 elements of gum milak, 5 elements of mastic, 5 parts of sandaraka, 1 share of orléans, 1 part of dragon blood, 1 share of gummogut, 2 parts of sandal logs scarlet (in powder), 5 parts of Venetian turpentine, 100 parts of 96% alcohol. V. 5 elements of mastic, 10 parts of sandaraka, 5 elements of Copaic balsam, 2.5 parts of Venetian turpentine, 3 parts of turpentine, 28 elements of alcohol (96%) are dissolved and mixed with a solution of 2.5 elements of shellac, 22.5 elements of dragon Blood also 25 parts of alcohol (96%).

VI. 4 elements of gum millak, 8 elements of sandaraka, 8 parts of resin "Elemi", 80 elements of alcohol are dissolved also stained with tincture of gumigut with a tincture of dragon blood or a solution of fuchsin or picric acid.

VII. 10 elements of shellac, 1 share of sandaraka, 1 part of mastic, 2 elements of sabur, 5 elements of turmeric powder, 0.5 elements of saffron in powder, 1 part of dragon blood, 0.5 elements of Venetian turpentine, 100 elements of alcohol (96%) insist And filtered. The objects are cleaned, heated to 35 ° C, then the coating is hastily spread with a thin layer.

VIII. 2,5 elements of picric acid, 0.5 elements of boric acid, 1 share of dragon blood, 20 parts of shellac, 0.75 elements of Venetian turpentine, 80 elements of alcohol (96%).

Varnish for tools

Below are the recipes of a pair of varnishes.

I. Take 2 elements of sandaraka, 1 share of mastic, 1 part of Venetian turpentine, 1 part of granular shellac, 1 fraction of incense, dissolve everything in 12 parts of alcohol and filter.

II. Dissolve in 35 parts of alcohol 35 parts sandaraka, 24 elements of Venetian turpentine and 20 elements of mastic are also filtered.

These varnishes can be dyed in yellow and yellowish red with tinctures of dragon blood and gummogut.

Black lacquer for cast iron oven

Heat up to the boiling point of 1 kg of tar and add 50 g of iron sulfate in the powder. With this varnish, still hot, cover the heated oven; It dries quickly, handsomely enough, and has no smell in any way.

Boric varnish for metals

As is known, many color alcohol paints for coating metals are found on the market. But even the best of them are distinguished by one very large flaw: they are very fragilely held on a polished metal surface and easily rebound from it. The chosen means for eliminating this defect was an impurity to the lacquer of an insignificant number of pure crystalline boric acid. The experiment showed that it is sufficient to add 0.5% boric acid to the alcohol lacquer in order to obtain a very strong coating: a polished metal surface, and it seems that a clean sheet covered with such varnish differs even with a hard glaze-like varnish that, unlike the ordinary one, To separate. It is necessary, but, to keep in mind: do not consume crystalline boric acid more than the specified proportion, otherwise the varnish can largely lose the brightness of its color.

Blue varnish for steel

Dissolve in 1 part of water 1 part of borax, heat to boiling additionally, with constant stirring. Add a solution of 5 elements of snow-white shellac and 5 elements of alcohol. Then add methylene blue paint until the desired shade. Cleaned steel items are covered with this varnish.