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UNUSUAL MODEL OF "ETERNAL" ENGINE

Author of the article: Kalinin Anatoly Anatolyevich

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The theme of "perpetual motion" is now very much raised on the Internet, and a lot of different projects are cited. There are a lot of conversations, but so far there is not a single working engine. The fact is sad, but this does not mean that it will always be so, because the potential of this idea has not yet been exhausted.

We start with the law of conservation of energy, no, I do not want to deny it, I just think that we need to look deeper. Many people ask themselves where energy comes from. And they say that out of nothing there can be work. And who said that the magnetic field, it's nothing. This is even very much, it even has a certain value of the energy density of the magnetic field, which reaches 280 kJ / m3 .

This is the potential energy of the magnetic field. And in a magnetic motor, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. This type of conversion already exists: it is a DC generator. If you rotate or move the conductor, then the electric current in it will not happen, even though you move. But when you do this in a magnetic field, then in the conductor there will be motion of electrons: the potential energy of the magnetic field will be transformed into the kinetic energy of the electrons.

But the fact that the magnetic field does not disappear, and does not decrease after the work done, is, for the time being, beyond the knowledge of humanity. In fact, while we do not know what force eternally rotates electrons around the nucleus, the gravitational field does not disappear, it rotates the planets, makes the Sun shine. Centuries pass, and energy does not disappear (a strong magnetic field still begins to weaken). Even a little funny when a professor from the university, who is conducting serious scientific work, begins to answer these questions in a childish way: "Well, there is some kind of force that slightly twists". But the same professor, without hesitation, says: it will not work, because it can not be. Very similar to the question with the round Earth, it's good that now they do not burn. One thing is clear, we again rested ourselves in our ignorance of the world, and soon another qualitative race must occur.

Most skeptics of magnetic motors give an example that in order for the magnets to repulse and produce work, it is necessary to spend the same work to bring them together. This is where I want to upset them, because in my engine this rule is violated. But everything is not so cunning and scary, everything is much simpler, which I want to tell you about.
Now I'll go on to describe the processes that take place in my engine. In this engine, the ability of the magnetic field to be isolated by means of a ferromagnetic screen is used. Elementary children's experience: if a steel plate leans against a magnet, then behind the plate there is already no magnetic field. True, the plate must be thick enough to shield the field.

The second trick. From physics, we know, and from life too, that if the force applied to the body is perpendicular to the movement of the body, then this force does not work for a given displacement.

Well, hence the conclusion: if we move a ferromagnetic screen perpendicular to the magnetic field lines in a magnetic field, then the magnetic field does not work to resist the movement of the screen. At the same time, the screen, overlapping the entire transverse area of ​​the magnet, will allow the second repelling magnet to be brought up without overcoming the forces of magnetic repulsion, and even vice versa, the second magnet will also be attracted to the screen.

When the magnets are approached, it is enough to pull out the screen located between them, and the magnets will scatter in different directions.

I will make a reservation right away that there are many practical nuances here, because in practice the lines of force are not parallel, and therefore not always perpendicular to the screen. But you can create systems very close to the ideal.

Well, now the facts. I conducted these experiments and made calculations, and what I have just written is confirmed. I quote the results of experiments that I conducted on superstrong magnets. This is one of the options, there was a strong harmful resistance to the movement of the damper, from which I get rid of on the next model.

In Table 1, I give the moment on the motor shaft obtained from the repulsion of the magnets, and in Table 2 the dependence of the drag force on the displacement of the screen.

Table 1

Table 2

And now I want to offer you the design of my magnetic motor using the above principles.

Engine description

A magnetic motor, in the body of which permanent magnets are placed, the first of which is mounted with the ability to perform reciprocating motion under the influence of magnetic field forces, a shaft is connected in the housing and connected to the first magnet by means of means enabling the reciprocating motion of the first magnet In the rotation of the shaft. The second magnet is immovably fixed to the housing opposite to the first, both magnets are oriented with poles in the opposite direction, the magnetic motor is equipped with a ferromagnetic screen made to ensure its movement in the gap between the magnets perpendicular to the lines of force of the magnetic field. The screen has a drive from the shaft, and a return spring. On the shaft there is a flywheel for accumulating the energy of motion of the first magnet.

The principle of operation is similar to the operation of a two-stroke internal combustion engine. When the magnets are as close as possible, the flap opens, the magnets repel, and the first magnet, moving away from the second, untwists the flywheel. When the first magnet approaches the BDC, the damper closes, then the inertial motion continues under the influence of the flywheel energy. Movable magnet moves up and passes TDC , and then the damper opens. The cycle is repeated. The work on the movement of the flap is much lower than work
Repulsive magnets.

Immediately I give answers to questions that arise in many people, due to a poor understanding of the principle of work. These answers are theoretically provable, and most importantly, they are practically confirmed:
- The damper under the influence of the magnetic field itself comes between the magnets, and do not force it there. The effort is expended on opening, and it depends heavily on the shape of the large magnet and the damper.

- When there is a ferromagnetic screen between the magnets, they are attracted to each other without additional help, producing additional positive work.

- The piston produces useful work in two strokes: the first time starting from a large magnet, and the second time pulling to the damper.

- The force of the movement of the flap compared with the force of displacement of the piston, with relatively equal movements (displacement of the flap can be made and less displacement of the piston), is much smaller, namely, as theoretically proved, by two orders of magnitude.

- When there is a ferromagnetic screen (a damper) between the magnets, they do not exert influence on each other, and accordingly they are not in one system of bodies, and according to the law of conservation of energy, two bodies that do not belong to the same system of bodies can perform work when interacting.

- If the damper is made of soft magnetic material, it is not significantly magnetized and does not affect the operation of the engine.

- By changing the design and material of the damper, it is possible to nullify the eddy currents that form when the engine is running.

- If the engine is made to be low-speed, the energy consumption for the inertia of the flapper will be small, which simultaneously reduces eddy current formation.

Illustrations of my engine is not attached, they are on my website: http://kalininaa.narod.ru . There is also a video story with a demonstration of the principle of work.

The site provides calculations of the model with weak magnets.

Here are the data of my model (one of the variants I made):
-mass of piston magnets 220 gr .,
-mass of a large magnet of 275 g .,
- a piston stroke of 45 mm ,
- work of repulsion of the piston = 1,396 J ,
- Damper movement operation = 0.444 J ,
-work of friction parts = 0,555 J.

From this we see that the friction in my model is unreasonably large (due to the dry friction of the caprolon piston against the caprolon cylinder wall, and the poor quality of the parts manufacturing). Therefore, I am going to redesign the design, in order to replace the sliding friction with rolling friction.

According to preliminary calculations, you can get a $ 700 engine with a capacity of 2 hp , with dimensions not exceeding the dimensions of the internal combustion engine at 650 cc (motorcycle "Dnepr").

With an increase in power and dimensions, the cost of production will fall.

The engine can be used for land and water transport, but also as a universal source of energy, working in all environments. The operating time is limited only by the quality of the parts. The engine does not emit any fields, emissions and waste.

In the production of small-sized mobile power stations for 2 kW, the cost of one kW -a for the energy consumer is $ 0.007 per hour, which is incomparably cheaper than any of the existing methods of generating electricity.

At the moment I have a model of the engine with super-strong magnets at the stage of manufacturing. Tests of interaction of engine nodes with the subsequent processing of results and calculation of useful and harmful works are carried out.

A great deal of experience has been accumulated in the practical study of the interaction of magnetic fields, which makes it possible to optimize the overall dimensions and design of the engine, with the subsequent increase in efficiency. There are specific schemes and proposals.
After I increased the upper magnet (continued work on the model after shooting the video story), some constructive drawbacks of my design came out, and it is necessary to eliminate them. These are the minuses of the quality of manufacturing and the lack of calculations for large loads. In order for the engine to work, it is necessary to change the piston-cylinder design, because, at the moment, a large amount of useful energy is unjustifiably wasted. Therefore, I have already dismantled this node, and I am going to make a sample of an option. It is also necessary to change the design of the damper.

I got practically positive work, I did a lot of measurements for this, and I will continue to conduct them further. I add a graph of the measurement of the interaction of magnets of different masses. The image turned out to be unsuccessful when moving it from Mathcad-a, but the proportions did not change and the essence also. Graphs similar to hyperbolas, this is the change in the interaction of magnets from the distance between them. The larger the mass of magnets, the higher the curve. A curved line intersecting the X axis is a graph of the dependence of the damper forces on movement relative to the axis of the cylinder. It is obtained by using magnets with a maximum mass (the uppermost curve). The curve with the largest magnets is not received until the end, because the force of the interaction exceeds the limit of my measuring device. Immediately draw attention to the graph of resistance to moving the damper, it is obtained in such a way with the use of some know-how .
On the Y axis, Newtons are marked, along the X- axis are meters. The work of the mechanism on a given section is the integral of the function in this section. Or easier: the area is limited by the schedule. I, using interpolation, got formulas, and integrated them on the site I needed.
The received results please.

Graph of measurement of the interaction of magnets of different masses

I answer questions that you may have

1) How will the engine start, speed control and stop?
Start, depending on the power, can be made from the shaft rotation by hand, to the starting motor. You only need to make one turn. Adjusting the engine speed and stopping the engine is done by the damper. I invented a simple device that performs these functions.
2) What is the max and min distance between magnets during operation?
The question is too abstract, because it depends on the materials of the magnets and the flapper. In my research, for those conditions that I have, these values ​​are equal: min = 8 mm , max = 70 mm (it is possible and indefinitely, but there is no sense, because the force is already significantly small).
3) What max speed can be achieved in the engine operation?
About this issue, you can say the same thing about the previous one, only here it is even more apparent. If the material of the flap is changed to a lighter or more shielding magnetic field, the inertia of the flap will decrease, and the engine speed can be significantly increased. Theoretically, they can be 5000-6000 rpm . But here there is a set of factors that introduce limitations (I already wrote about them). Specific values ​​can only be obtained by conducting research.
4) How are the side magnetic fields of fixed permanent magnets removed?
Everything is very simple: ferromagnetic screens, which do not have to be placed everywhere. Because the magnetic field decreases very rapidly with distance.

print version
Author: Kalinin Anatoly Anatolyevich
PS The material is protected.
Date of publication 28.08.2004гг

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