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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2288199
CONCRETE MIXTURE
The name of the inventor: Grudinin Vitaly Petrovich (RU); Lee Hyun De (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Grudinin Vitaly Petrovich (RU); Lee Hyun De (RU)
Address for correspondence: 346411, Rostov Region, Novocherkassk, ul. Budenovskaya, 159/2, ap. 31, O.I. Nis
Date of the beginning of the patent: 2004.08.30
The present invention relates to a composition of a concrete mixture and can find application in the building materials industry and in the manufacture of concrete products and the manufacture of monolithic structures. Concrete mixture includes, by weight: portland cement 6-12, fly ash 4-6, slag metallurgical slag 35-40, burned rocks of slag 35-40 and water - the rest. The technical result is an increase in the strength of concrete with reduced consumption of cement, a reduction in the cost of production through the use of components from industrial waste, including by reducing transport costs, and improving the ecology of coal-mining regions through the utilization of industrial waste.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used in the manufacture of concrete products and the manufacture of monolithic structures.
A concrete mix is known, including the following components per 1 m 3 of the mixture, kg: cement - 250, sand - 850, crushed stone - 1200, water - 160 (Vorobyov VA Laboratory workshop on the general course of building materials. - Moscow: Higher School of Economics, 1972) .
The presence of natural sand and gravel in the concrete mix reduces the strength and frost resistance of concrete due to the presence of clay particles, which increase the water demand of the concrete mix, which leads to an increase in shrinkage phenomena.
There are also known compositions of concrete mixtures in which the negative effect of clay impurities on the properties of concrete mixtures and concretes is excluded: they are concretes containing secondary raw materials of industrial production, in particular slags and fly ash instead of traditional aggregates (Nanazashvili I.Kh. Building materials, products and Design: Reference book .- M .: Higher School., 1990. - p.34) .
A disadvantage of such mixtures is the use of a significant amount of expensive Portland cement.
As a prototype, let us consider a concrete mix (USSR Authorship Certificate No. 673625 from 07.02.77) , which provides a reduction in cement consumption and includes, by weight: portland cement 10-18, limestone aggregate (waste limestone-shell rock) 80-83, fly ash or Ash-fuel waste 2-7 and water remaining.
Its disadvantage is the reduced strength of concrete under compression and low frost resistance, which is explained by the presence of a large amount of limestone-shell rock.
The technical task, the solution of which is directed to the proposed invention, is to increase the strength of concrete with a reduced consumption of cement, expand the resource base and improve the ecology of coal-mining regions through the utilization of industrial waste.
The task is achieved with the proposed composition of a concrete mixture comprising, by weight: portland cement 6-12, fly ash 4-6, slag metallurgical slag 35-40, burned rocks of slag 35-40, the rest water.
For the proposed concrete mixture, the available slag metallurgical slag is used as fillers, the main components of which are calcium oxides (35-38 wt.%), Magnesium (15-20 wt.%) And burned rock waste slurries containing calcium oxides (1, 85% by weight), magnesium (2.66% by weight), sodium (2.1% by weight), and potassium (2.65% by weight). As a fine aggregate, fly ash is used for thermal power plants, which contain silicon oxides (50 wt.%), Calcium (3.6 wt.%), Potassium (5.1 wt.%), Sodium (2.4 wt. %), And iron (4.3% by weight).
The offered fillers are not only economically profitable and available raw materials, but also active components, i.e. When mixing the mixture, they participate in reactions that promote the formation of cement stone, reducing the time required to set the maximum strength of concrete. The presence in the proposed aggregates of a significant amount of calcium and magnesium oxides allows to reduce the amount of cement introduced into the concrete mix.
For the preparation of the concrete mixture, fly ash was used for the following granulometric composition: 0-0.15 mm - 73.9%, 0.15-0.315 mm - 2.4%, 0.315-0.63 mm - 3%, 63-1, 25 - 1,8%, 1,25-2,5 mm - 8,6%, 2,5-5 mm - 10%. The volumetric weight of fly ash is 1.3-1.49 g / cm 3 .
The oxide composition of fly ash: SiO 2 - 50%, CaO - 3.6%, K 2 O - 5.1%, Al 2 O 3 - 22.5%, Fe 2 O 3 - 14.3%, Na 2 O - 2.4%, MgO - 0.7%, SO 3 - 1.5%.
Granulometric composition of burnt rocks of mine waste heaps:
Oxide composition of burned rocks of mine waste heaps: CuO - 1.85%, MgO - 2.66%, S - 1.20%, SO 3 - 0.12%, Na 2 O - 2.10%, K 2 O - 2 ,15%.
Granulometric composition of waste metallurgical slags:
The oxide composition of metallurgical slags: S - 0.155%, Fe 2 O - 10.50%, Fe 2 O 3 - 2.21%, Al 2 O 3 - 2.49%, Cr 2 O 3 - 1.43, P 2 O 5 - 1.03%, SiO 2 - 17.20%, CaO - 35.05%, MgO - 15.12%, MnO - 14.71%.
The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the components of the proposed concrete mixture is not dangerous and therefore in accordance with the current radiation safety standards it can be used in all types of construction.
The mixture was manufactured in a conventional manner in a concrete mixer without any pretreatment. In Table 1, four compositions are made according to the invention and control compositions with traditional aggregates - gravel and sand.
As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the samples of the compositions of the invention, as compared to samples made with conventional aggregates, have significant advantages and provide:
1. Reduction of costs for the production of concrete products through the use of components from industrial waste, including through reduced transportation costs (local raw materials), and the use of a simplified technology for the preparation of concrete mix.
2. Reduction of cement consumption in comparison with traditionally used concrete mixtures (Table 1). Thus, for example, cement consumption for the manufacture of concrete grade 100 according to the invention can be reduced by 35% or more.
3. Increasing the compressive strength (Table 2). For example, for concrete grade 100 the strength of concrete made from the proposed mixture is more than 140 kg / cm 2 .
For each of these compounds, three samples were prepared in the form of a cube with an edge of 150 mm for testing. The samples were previously subjected to vibrocompression for 33-45 sec with a frequency of 3000 cpm and stored under normal conditions for 28 days.
The results of testing of these concrete samples are contained in Table 2, where the averaged values of the physicomechanical properties for each composition are given.
CLAIM
Concrete mixture comprising portland cement, fly ash, aggregate, water, characterized in that as a filler it contains a metallurgical slag and burnt rocks of waste heaps at the following ratio of components, mass%:
print version
Date of publication 15.12.2006гг
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