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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2284973

CHEMICAL ADDITIVE FOR CEMENT CONCRETE AND CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS

The name of the inventor: Vlasenko Alexander Mikhailovich
The name of the patent holder: Vlasenko Alexander Mikhailovich
Address for correspondence: 115470, Moscow, pr-kt Andropova, 19, sq. 204, LI. Serova
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.05.26

The present invention relates to a chemical additive composition for cement concrete and mortar and can be used in the building materials industry. The chemical additive for cement concretes and mortars contains the following ingredients, by weight: sodium chloride 60.0-75.0, potassium sulfate 0.001-0.012, calcium sulfate 0.005-0.025, magnesium sulfate 0.001-0.012, technical lignosulfonates with contents Reducing substances not more than 8% by weight - the rest. The technical result is a decrease in the consumption of the additive to 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the cement, a reduction in labor costs and energy consumption for preparing the additive, simplifying its transportation, increasing the strength of concrete and mortar with the additive in the early stages of hardening.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of construction, to additives of polyfunctional action for cement concretes and mortars.

A chemical additive is known for cement concretes and mortars in the form of lignosulfonates of a technical by-product of wood processing by the sulfate method (OST 13-183-33) [1].

This known additive improves the plasticity of cement-concrete mixtures in a dosage of 0.1-0.2%, but it negatively affects the setting time and the rate of hardening of cement-concrete mixtures. With this is the search for new additives based on LST, excluding or reducing the negative properties transferred to the cement-concrete mixtures by the LST.

A chemical additive is known for cement concretes and mortars containing technical lignosulfonates and sodium sulfate (Manual on the use of chemical additives in the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and articles to SNiP 3.09.01-85, M., 1989, p.6) [2].

A disadvantage of this known chemical additive is that it needs to be used at a high total consumption, while it is used by separately preparing and dosing each ingredient, which increases the labor costs when it is used.

The closest to the proposed is the known chemical additive for cement concretes and mortars containing technical and sodium chloride lignosulfonates (Building Catalog SC-4, Chemical Additives for Concrete and Mortar Lignosulfonates, Technical Modified LTM, May 1987, pp. 27-29) [3].

This known chemical additive contains technical lignosulfonates with a content of reducing substances of 11-12% by weight. The additive is introduced into cement-concrete mixtures and mortar as a plasticizer. It increases the mobility of cement-concrete mixes, reduces the consumption of cement and accelerates the hardening of cement-concrete mixture in natural conditions and during heat treatment.

The disadvantage of this known additive is the limitation of the application area for the cheapest and technologically effective modifier - sodium chloride. An incomprehensible form is the manufacture of this additive: it is produced as a 15% aqueous solution. Essential disadvantage of this additive is the complexity of its preparation: it requires special equipment, the process of its preparation is carried out at a temperature of 80-90 ° C, and it takes a long stirring of the ingredients for 5-6 hours. With a high consumption of this known additive (on average 0.9%), it has insufficient technical efficiency in accelerating the hardening of the cement-concrete mixture.

The technical result achieved by the present invention is to reduce the consumption of the additive, to increase the strength of the concrete mixture in the early periods of hardening, to simplify the preparation of the additive, to reduce labor and energy consumption in its preparation, and to reduce transport costs when transporting it.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the chemical additive for cement concretes and mortars containing technical and sodium chloride lignosulfonates contains technical lignosulfonates with a content of reducing substances of not more than 6% by weight, further contains potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate at the following ratio Ingredients,% by weight:

When selecting the qualitative and quantitative ratio of the ingredients of the chemical additive to cement concretes and mortars, it has been found that the useful properties of the known additive [3] can be improved by additional introduction of micro quantities of potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate into its composition. The best results were shown by the use of a chemical additive according to the invention, which comprises technical lignosulfonates containing not more than 8% by weight of reducing agents. Such an additive does not require much of its consumption in the preparation of cement concretes and mortars. It provides high strength values ​​of concrete mix in early hardening. To prepare the chemical additive according to the invention, there is no need for prolonged mixing of the ingredients, and there is no need for heating in the preparation of a new chemical additive, which reduces the labor costs and energy consumption for its preparation. Convenient for use is the powder form of the preparation of the chemical additive according to the invention, which substantially reduces the transport costs when transporting the chemical additive according to the invention.

Below are examples of implementation of the invention.

Example 1 . A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature. This batch of a chemical additive has the minimum admissible content of ingredients in its composition. Therefore, for the preparation of cement concretes and mortars, its maximum consumption is required, which is 0.5% of the cement mass. For comparison: the average consumption of a known chemical additive [3] is 0.9% of the mass of the cement. A prepared chemical additive according to the invention with a minimum ingredient content of 40% increases the strength of hardening of the cement mass in the early periods. Such an increase in the strength of the concrete mix in the early periods of hardening is provided by the known chemical additive [3] with only the maximum content of the ingredients in its composition and at its maximum consumption. And with a minimum content of ingredients in a known chemical additive [3], it provides an increase in strength of the concrete mix in the early periods of hardening by only 20%. The prepared dry additive according to the invention has a small volume, does not require the presence of large volumes of packaging, does not require high transport costs when it is transported. A known chemical additive [3] is prepared in a liquid form, which occupies large volumes. It requires the presence of large volumes of packaging and requires increased transportation costs when transporting it.

Example 2 . A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature.

The additive consumption is 0.3% of the cement mass. The chemical additive increases the strength of the cement mixture in the early stages of hardening by 100%. The prepared dry additive does not require high transportation costs when transporting it.

Example 3 . A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature.

The additive consumption is 0.4% of the cement mass. The chemical additive increases the strength of the cement mixture in the early terms of hardening by 80%. Dry additives do not require high transportation costs when transporting it.

Example 4 . A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature.

The additive consumption is 0.3% of the cement mass. The chemical additive increases the strength of the cement mixture in the early stages of hardening by 90%. Dry additives do not require high transportation costs when transporting it.

Example 5 . A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature. This batch of the chemical additive has the minimum admissible content of the constituent ingredients and at the same time it incorporates technical lignosulfonates with a content of reducing substances of 12% by weight, which is higher than their recommended content in technical lignosulfonates in the additive according to the invention. At a consumption rate of 0.5% of the mass of cement, the chemical additive prepared increases the strength of the hardening of the cement mass only by 10%, which indicates that it is not advisable to use technical lignosulfonates in the new chemical additive with a content of reducing substances higher than the recommended 8% by weight.

Example 6 . A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature. The consumption of the prepared batch of chemical additives is 0.5% of the cement mass. The prepared chemical additive only increases the strength of hardening of the cement mass in the early periods by only 20%, which makes it possible to conclude that it is inappropriate to incorporate technical lignosulfonates with a content of reducing substances of more than 8% by weight.

Example 7 A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature. In its composition there is no potassium sulfate. Such an additive, with a consumption of 0.5% of the weight of the cement, increases the strength of the cement mixture in the early periods of hardening by only 20%.

Example 8 . A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature. This batch of chemical additive does not contain calcium sulfate. At its consumption of 0.5% of the mass of cement, it increases the strength of the cement mixture by only 15%.

Example 9 . A chemical additive is prepared with the following ratio of ingredients, by weight:

The additive is prepared by mixing the ingredients for 5-10 minutes at ambient temperature. This batch of chemical additive does not contain magnesium sulfate. At its consumption, equal to 0.5% of the mass of cement, it provides an increase in the strength of the cement mixture in the early periods by only 15%.

Thus, the chemical additive according to the invention is easy to manufacture, convenient for transportation. It is used at a low consumption (0.3-0.5% of the mass of cement), while it increases the strength of the cement mix in the early periods of hardening by 40-100% compared to the control (without the use of an additive).

CLAIM

A chemical admixture for cement concrete and mortar containing technical lignosulfonates and sodium chloride, characterized in that it contains technical lignosulfonates with a content of reducing substances of not more than 6% by weight, further contains potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate at the following ratio of ingredients, Wt%:

print version
Publication date 17.01.2007gg

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