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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2291126

METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF GRANULATED PENOSILICATE - PENOSILICATE GRAVIA

The name of the inventor: Ketov Alexander Anatolievich (RU); Puzanov Igor Stanislavovich (RU); Puzanov Sergey Igorevich (RU); Pyankov Mikhail Petrovich (RU); Rassomagina Anna Sergeevna (RU); Saulin Dmitry Vladimirovich
The name of the patent holder: Closed Joint-Stock Company "Perm production of foam silicates"
Address for correspondence: 614990, Perm, ul. Bukirev, 15, CCU, Pat. P. A.A. Honorin
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.04.11

The invention relates to the production of bulk, lightweight building materials. The technical result of the invention is to increase the productivity of the process, reduce energy consumption, improve the consumer characteristics and quality of the finished product. The method for the preparation of foam silicate gravel includes drying, crushing cullet and blowing agent in mills, feeding the ground charge to the storage hopper, weighing the cullet and blowing agent before mixing. The amount of carbonate blowing agent in a mixture with carbon is taken from 5 to 95% by weight. Mixing of cullet, quartz and porogen powders is carried out in a drum mixer, and mixing of the obtained powder and aqueous solution of soluble glass is carried out in a high-speed mixer. Granules are obtained by rolling in a drum granulator. The granules are then dried, foamed in a rotary kiln together with a separating medium, annealed. The temperature in the first half of the furnace along the granules is maintained in the range 720-900 ° C, and in the second - 580-300 ° C. As a separation medium, a mixture of chalk or cement with river quartz sand is used, these components being taken in admixture with quartz sand in an amount of less than 20% by weight of the latter.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the production of bulk, lightweight building materials, namely the production of granular foam silicate. The material can be used as an effective thermal insulation material and lightweight filler in building structures.

Foam silicate in general and foamed glass in particular, both block and granular type, are inorganic silicate materials containing in their volume significant amounts of the gas phase. The process of obtaining this material consists in the production of a charge consisting of 95-97% glass and 5-3% of gassing agents (carbonate, for example limestone, or carbon, for example charcoal, coke, soot), heating the charge to the pyroplastic state of silicates . At this temperature, the glass grains are sintered, and the gases formed as a result of the decomposition of the gas-forming additives swell the high-viscosity glass-mass. After annealing and cooling, a porous material with high thermal insulation properties and high mechanical strength is obtained [1].

For the production of granular foam silicate, a composition is obtained from glass powders, a gasifier and an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, then pellets are formed from the resulting composition, which are heat treated in a rotary drum furnace prior to pricing the resulting composition and spherical granular foam pellets (foam silicate gravel). General questions of obtaining foamed glass, including granulated glass, are described in monographs [2, 3].

For the production of foam glass beads from raw materials, raw granules are formed in one way or another, which are foamed in a rotary kiln. Often the original pellets have an irregular shape, which leads to the production of finished, porous granules with a shape, and different from spherical. For example, the carrying out of such a process is described in the author's certificate [4]. The authors propose a cleaned glass fight to break up to 5-30 microns. Next, the foaming mixture in the form of sludge with a moisture content of 30% is prepared by mixing the glass powder with a 20% solution of sodium hydroxide with the addition of the necessary amount of water. The consumption of sodium hydroxide is 1-4% of the weight of the glass powder. After holding the mixture for 50-70 hours, it is dried to a moisture content of 5-8%. To obtain raw granules, the mixture is crushed to pieces of 5-10 mm, which, after treatment with nitric acid solution, are dried and foamed at 825-900 ° C in a rotary kiln.

The essence of this method consists in the partial leaching of the glass powder with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, the formation of a monolithic billet during drying of the composition. Moreover, a gasifier is already included in this glassy monolith. The resulting dried mass is further foamed at temperatures generally above 800 ° C.

In the author's certificate [5], the authors suggest that the grinded glass be closed with an aqueous solution of nitric acid or potassium nitrate or sodium and subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 4 atm and 143 ° C for 4 hours. After unloading from the autoclave, the agglomerate is crushed and foamed at 800 ÷ 830 ° C for 20-25 minutes.

Similarly solve the problem in the author's certificate of the USSR [6]. Only the authors use temperatures below 100 ° C for leaching the glass powder, but they are forced to significantly increase the time of such a process. So the raw granules are subjected to hydrothermal treatment. For this, the glass raw materials and pore former are ground into the raw material, moistened with water and kept for 1 ÷ 30 days at 18 ÷ 90 ° C. Only after this, the granules, which significantly increased the strength due to agglomeration of the mass, are subjected to heat treatment at high temperatures for foaming.

Perhaps a slight compression of raw granules, as proposed in the patent [7]. And when obtaining artificial pumice granular type the particle size is 1 ÷ 30 cm.

Foamed materials of irregular shape can also be obtained by using the thermal shock method in relation to materials prone to gassing at high temperatures. For example, the patent [8] describes a method for the production of porous glass materials with a bulk density of 45-100 kg / m ³ from open-hearth slags, including the composition of the charge, melting it in a reducing medium, and cooling the silicate portion of the melt in the thermal shock mode. The change in the composition of slags [9, 10] leads to insignificant differences in the properties of the finished product, without changing the technology in principle. When the melt is cooled and the product is expanded, simultaneous production of energy is possible, for example in a steam generator [11], which reduces the overall process costs.

It should be noted that the above-described technical solutions assume the production of raw granules for their further heat treatment in a rotary kiln in order to obtain a granulated foam glass. Raw granules in these methods usually have an irregular shape, and the process of obtaining them is characterized by high labor and complexity of automation.

The use of a rotary kiln usually allows the shape of the pellets to be brought closer to spherical even when the raw granules have an irregular shape. Therefore, in most cases heat treatment is carried out in a rotary kiln, although there is a principal possibility of using furnaces of a different design. So in the patent [12], raw granules of 5-10 mm size are evenly distributed on a mesh tape that enters an oven heated to 600-650 ° C.

In the case of using a band furnace, sintering of the foam material is possible, which requires its further crushing into granules. Thus, the patent [13] describes the preparation of a mixture of silicate components. From the resulting mixture (if necessary, diluted 5-fold), a layer 0.5-5 cm thick is formed and rapidly foams at 780 ° C in a belt conveyor furnace. After leaving the furnace, the foamed layer is cooled and crushed to obtain pellets of the required size. If large granules are to be obtained, the crushing stage can be eliminated and cooling performed very quickly, for example with water. In this case, the foamed glass layer completely disintegrates due to internal stresses. The smaller the thickness of the layer, the smaller the size of the resulting granules.

In addition to producing light spherical silicate articles by heat treatment of a mixture prone to gassing at thermoplasticity temperatures of silicate material, methods are known where spheres of organic material are coated with a film of inorganic material and the resulting preforms are heat treated prior to burning out the organic component and hardening the inorganic coating. In this case, the finished products are hollow spheres. For example, such a material and method of its manufacture are described in the patent [14], which includes the formation of a burnt core from peat, its coating with a mineral cladding followed by roasting, the core is formed by rolling into spherical granules, followed by drying them, and the mineral coating is applied by wetting the nuclei in Slip.

In the patent [15], it is proposed to burn the burning core from the compacted sludge of biological treatment facilities, and the mineral shell - from the brick clay with the crushed quartz sand. After molding and drying such granules, the heat treatment before sintering the mineral shell is carried out at temperatures up to 1500 ° C.

When burnout additives are used to form voids within an inorganic material, the organic material can not only be located in the middle of the sphere, but also distributed along the thickness of the sphere, which after heat treatment leads to a distribution of voids along the thickness of the granule. Such a method is described in the patent [16]. In this case, a light spherical porous aggregate is obtained by mixing the fly ash and sewage sludge, agglomerating the mixture, heating the agglomerated mixture in a rotary kiln to obtain a spherical product, and cooling the resulting product.

A similar process is described in the patent [17]. To prepare the material from the composition, the liquid glass is mixed with a filler, the mixture is molded, the granules are fed into the pelletizer with an intermediate product of methyl methacrylate production, the particles after drying are fed into a furnace with a temperature of 430-470 ° C, resulting in the formation of spherical porous granules.

You can use a variety of organic materials and mineral bonds. For example, it is proposed to use microsilica with a liquid-glass bond, and as a burning additive use waste from the processing of black shales [18] or microsilica with a solution of sodium hydroxide, and as a burning additive - carbon impurities [19].

In general, the process for the preparation of granular foam silicate material usually involves mixing the powders of glass and the gassing agent, granulating the mixture with moistening, heat treatment in a rotary kiln prior to the transition of the silicate component to the thermoplastic state and gas evolution from the gassing agent. The heat treatment process is carried out in the presence of a separating medium, which is a powder of a material that prevents the sintering of individual granules. Such a process is described in [2, 3] and makes it possible to obtain light porous granules of a silicate material. There are technical solutions differing in raw materials, modes and other characteristics.

For example, it is proposed in the patent [20] to use silicate-cullet, enamel frit, molding sand, ceramic, organic or inorganic silicate waste or a mixture of the above components as a raw material, gasifier-lime flour and / or dolomite and / or magnesite as raw materials and / Or vitither. To prevent sintering of the granules during the heat treatment, the pellets are coated with 1-5 parts of titanium dioxide or titanium oxide hydroxide and / or alumina hydroxide.

In addition to glass, other silicate materials can be used as raw materials. Thus, for example, the authors of Ref. [21], a mixture of finely ground tuff, a gassing agent (carbon black or carbon black), rocks containing an alkaline earth metal oxide and boric acid is closed with an aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate, mixed, granulated and foamed in a rotary kiln.

It is proposed to use cullet, slag of CHP and pore-forming agent - slime of aluminum production [22]. The patent [23] describes the use of ash and slag waste from thermal power plants and corrective additives - liquid, highly dispersed and pasty substances, which ensure a high contact between the components of the charge: clay, lime, lime production, alkali, liquid glass, grate dust, coke.

It is possible to partially dissolve glass in alkaline solutions with the formation of hydrated products that release water during heat treatment. For example, in the patent [24], it is proposed to mix the glass powder with an aqueous solution of an alkali or an alkali metal silicate, with which it reacts at a temperature of 60-120 ° C under normal pressure or in an autoclave. The reaction product, which is a viscous mass, is granulated and cooled to obtain solid granules. Foaming is carried out in a two- or single-stage scheme.

A technical solution is possible for the production of fine-grained glass powder [25], when the cullet is melted and glass fibers are obtained from the melt, which is then ground.

In addition to the finished glass, you can use specially welded glass [26]. In this case, the prepared batch is cooked in an electric furnace at a temperature of 1340-1360 ° C. The welded glass is poured into water to form a granulate. The granulate is dried, mixed with a gasifier and ground in a vibratory mill. The resulting silicate powder is granulated and a slurry of plastic clays is used as the binder.

Various carbon-containing materials can be used as a gasifier. For example, it is proposed to use used engine oil [27], bottom oil sludge [28]; Sugar, molasses and pyrolusite [29] or MnO ₂ and CaCO ₃ [30].

Technical solutions for the use of raw materials and their processing can vary widely enough. For example, as a gasifier, in addition to the above, it has been proposed to use [31] polyvinyl alcohol or a hydrocarbon mixed with an alkaline silicate solution (sugar, glycol, glycerin, cellulose, starch, urea formaldehyde, phenol, bitumen emulsion), not only rolls , But also by extrusion, and the furnace is of a bath type.

The closest technical solution to the proposed solution is the solution described in the patent [32] "Method for manufacturing granulated foam glass from cullet". A method for manufacturing granular foam glass on a continuously operating line including washing and drying cullet in a washing and drying drum at a temperature of 110-120 ° C, loading a dried cullet in a storage silo, crushing and drying cullet, weighing and co-milling cullet and carbonate pore formation In mills, a mixture of dolomite in an amount of 4% of the glass mass is used as the blowing agent, grinding the mixture to achieve a specific surface of 3000-5000 cm ² / g, feeding the ground charge to the storage hopper, pelletizing the charge on the pelletizer, spraying it with an aqueous solution of soluble glass , Drying the pellets on a belt dryer in a bed up to 100 mm at a temperature of 400 ° C to a humidity of 2% and loading the granule stock into the hopper, scattering the fines on the shaker immediately before the foaming of the pellets in the rotary kiln, foaming the pellets in the rotary kiln together with the separation medium Containing quartz, quartz sand is used as quartz, the ratio of the separation medium to the granules is 1: 1, the foaming of the pellets in a rotary kiln at 780-820 ° C, the annealing of the granules to a temperature of 30 ° C, and the separation of the granules from the separating medium is carried out after annealing .

The disadvantages of the prototype method are the complexity and energy intensity of the process, the limited size of the granules produced.

The object of the invention is to improve the process for the production of silicate foam gravel.

The technical result is an increase in the productivity of the process, a reduction in energy consumption, an improvement in the consumer characteristics and the quality of the finished product.

The stated object is achieved by means of the features indicated in the claims of the invention common to the prior art such as the method for the preparation of foam silicate gravel, comprising drying and crushing the cullet and blowing agent, a mixture of carbonate and carbon materials, in mills, feeding the ground charge to a storage hopper, weighing the cullet And blowing agent prior to mixing, granulation of the charge using an aqueous solution of soluble glass, drying the granules, loading the granule stock into the hopper, foaming the pellets in the rotary kiln together with the separating medium, annealing the granules and separating them from the separation medium after annealing, and the distinctive essential features As the amount of carbonate blowing agent in a mixture with carbon is taken from 5 to 95% by weight, mixing of cullet, quartz and blowing agent powders is carried out in a drum mixer, and mixing of the obtained powder and aqueous solution of soluble glass is carried out in a high-speed mixer, the granules being obtained by rolling in a drum A granulator which is dried in a drum dryer, with the subsequent foaming of the pellets in a rotary kiln, the temperature in the first half of the furnace along the granules is maintained in the range of 720-900 ° C, and in the second half of the furnace 580-300 ° C, and as the separation medium A mixture of chalk or cement with river quartz sand, these components being taken in admixture with quartz sand in an amount of less than 20% by weight of the latter.

Justification of process conditions.

The joint use of carbonate and carbon pore formers makes it possible to strengthen and make the gas formation process more uniform in temperature during the heat treatment due to the oxidation of carbon released by the thermal dissociation of carbonates from carbonates with carbon dioxide. It is possible to use carbon of any origin as a carbon blowing agent - carbon black, charcoal, coke. As a carbonate porogen it is possible to use calcium, sodium or magnesium carbonates, as well as their mixtures. The amount of carbonate blowing agent in a mixture with carbon can vary from 5 to 95% by weight. Reducing the amount of carbonate blowing agent below this limit leads to gas formation in a narrow temperature range, uneven foaming and a decrease in product quality. Exceeding the amount of carbonate blowing agent above this limit leads to gas formation in a narrow temperature range. In addition, a high content of carbonate porogen in the system increases the share of open pores in the finished product, which together reduces the quality of the product.

As a separating medium, chalk or cement is used in a mixture with river quartz sand. The use of these components as a separation medium in a mixture with quartz sand, in contrast to conventional quartz sand, completely prevents the granules from sticking together during the heat treatment, especially at high temperatures and the production of high density granules. The use of these components in a mixture with quartz sand in an amount of less than 20% by weight of the latter results in the coalescence of a part of the granules during the foaming process above 900 ° C, which reduces the quality of the product.

When the pellets are foamed in a rotary kiln, the temperature in the first half of the furnace along the granules is maximal and amounts to 720-900 ° C, and in the second half of the furnace - 580-300 ° C, which allows the maximum use of gases released in the silicate material and obtain a product of stable quality. A decrease in temperature below this limit leads to incomplete gasification in the granules, insufficient sintering of the material and, as a result, low strength at high pellet density. An increase in temperature above this temperature range leads to excessively turbulent gas evolution in the granules, ruptures, and to intensive coalescence of the granules. Therefore, the output of the treatment temperature beyond these limits, both upward and downward, reduces the quality of the finished product.

In the proposed method, in contrast to the prototype, a number of operations have been significantly improved, which allows reducing the energy consumption of the technological line, increasing reliability of operation, increasing the characteristics of the products obtained and improving its quality.

Thus, the use of sequentially arranged high-speed mixer and drum-type granulator for granulating the material allows for more even distribution of components in the raw material and, accordingly, to obtain more stable characteristics of the finished product. In addition, the proposed combination of elements of the technological scheme allows not only to produce pellets in a narrower range of sizes, but also to more widely vary the sizes of raw and, accordingly, finished granules. The proposed technical solution makes it possible to obtain raw granules of any given size in the range from 0.5 to 40 mm, which leads to a finished product with a diameter of 1 to 80 mm. This circumstance greatly expands the possible field of use of the finished product. In addition, this combination of process elements has, with other things being equal, significantly higher productivity compared to the known technological solution, which has a favorable effect on the cost of the product.

The above distinctive features, individually and collectively, are aimed at the solution of the stated task and are significant.

The invention is explained by the description of the flowchart of the implementation of the proposed method.

The proposed method for the production of granular foam silicate - foam silicate gravel - is carried out on the production line, which is consistently and interconnected the following equipment (drawing).

The glass is delivered to the raw material store 1 from where it enters the drum dryer 2. The dry cullet is crushed in the hammer crusher 3 and then, after separating the metal inclusions on the magnetic separator 4, is crushed in the mill 5 to a powder. The glass powder enters the collecting hopper 6.

Crushed quartz, which is used as quartz river sand, is produced in mill 8, which it receives from warehouse 7. Crushed quartz enters bunker 9.

Separately, a carbonate or carbon blowing agent enters storage 10, which is ground in mill 11 and stored in hopper 12.

The mixing of the cullet, quartz and blowing agent powders is carried out in a drum mixer 13, and mixing of the obtained powder and the aqueous solution of soluble glass coming from the container 14 is carried out in a high-speed mixer 15. The high-speed mixer is a horizontal cylindrical body with loading and unloading connections, Introducing a liquid phase. The diameter of the mixer is 200 mm, the rotational speed of the shaft is 100 rpm. Inside the shell is placed a coaxial shaft, equipped with feeding, mixing, transport blades. The size, quantity, relative position, shape of the mixing blades are selected in such a way as to provide the necessary dynamics of the particles. The capacity of the mixer is 250 kg / h.

Further from the mixture obtained, granules are obtained by rolling in a drum granulator 16, dried granules in a drum dryer 17. The resulting granules are fed to an intermediate storage of raw granules 18.

The raw granules are fed to the heat treatment from the storage 18 together with the separation medium from the hopper 19 to the rotary kiln 20, the temperature in the first half of the furnace being maximal at the time of the pellets and being 750-900 ° C., and in the second half of the furnace 580-300 ° C. Corresponding temperature conditions are performed on a rotary kiln with external electric heating of the rotary drum, the heaters located in the first and second half of the furnace being independently controlled. As a separating medium a mixture of chalk and cement with river quartz sand is used.

The finished foam glass granules are separated from the excess of the separation medium in the sieves 21 and sent to the finished goods store 22. The excess of the separation medium returns to the hopper 19.

The method according to the present invention is further explained by the following example, which is not limited in nature.

An example of a specific embodiment of the method according to the invention is implemented as follows. From the raw material storehouse 1, the cullet comes after drying in a drum dryer 2 to a hammer mill 3 where the cullet breaks down to a fraction of less than 5 mm, after which the metal separator separates the magnetic separator 4. Metal inclusions are mostly bottle stoppers and their number does not exceed 30-50 g per ton of cullet. Crushed glass cullet enters the vibrating centrifugal mill 5 with a capacity of 2.5-4.0 tons per hour, where grinding occurs to a fraction of less than 60 microns. The finished powder is stored in a storage bin 6.

Quartz river sand comes from warehouse 7 to vibrating centrifugal mill 8, where it is ground to a fraction of less than 60 microns with a capacity of 3-5 tons per hour. The crushed quartz enters the hopper 9.

Chalk, coal or a mixture of them from the warehouse 10 is periodically loaded into a ball mill 11. In this example, a mixture of carbon black and calcium carbonate in the form of chalk is used in a weight ratio of 3: 1. In a batch ball mill, the components are mixed and milled to a fraction of less than 40 microns. The finished powder of the blowing agent is stored in the storage bin 12.

Mixing of dry powders of glass, quartz and blowing agent takes place in the drum mixer 13, which is a rotating inclined cylinder with a diameter of 900 mm with inside ribs to intensify the mixing process. The powders are fed to the mixer at a rate of 250 kg / h on glass, 10 kg / h on quartz and 3 kg / hr on a blowing agent. In tank 14 there is an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, which is a technical solution of liquid glass with a density of 1.41 g / ml, diluted with water to a concentration of 1.20 g / ml. The solution from the tank 14 is supplied at a flow rate of 70 liters per hour to the high-speed mixer 15, at the same time a mixture of powders is fed directly after the mixer 13. The mixture obtained in the high-speed mixer is directly supplied to the drum granulator 16, which is a rotating inclined cylinder of 900 mm diameter. The resulting spherical pellets are fed to a drum dryer, which is a rotating inclined cylinder of 900 mm in diameter with a countercurrent flowing into it with hot air granules. The resulting raw granules enter the intermediate storage of raw granules 18, and they are spheres with a diameter of 1-5 mm and a bulk density of 1300-1380 kg / m ³ .

As a separating medium, during heat treatment of granules, powder materials that do not cake at process temperatures and prevent the adhesion of silicate products are used. It is possible to use dry grinded clay, chalk, cement, quartz river sand and their mixture. In this example, powder chalk powders and quartz sand in a weight ratio of 1: 1 are loaded into hopper 19. This separation medium is supplied at a rate of 50 kg / hr to a rotary kiln 20, at the same time a stream of raw pellets is fed at a rate of 250 kg / h at the same time.

The temperature in the furnace is maximal in the first half of the furnace along the granules and is 850 ° C, in the second half of the furnace the temperature is maintained at 580-300 ° C.

The finished foam glass granules are separated from the excess of the separation media on the screens 21 and sent to the finished product storage area 22. The excess separation medium returns to hopper 19. The finished product is a mixture of light spheres with a size of 2-10 mm and bulk density of 170-190 kg / m ³ .

This example does not limit the scope of changing the process parameters, but only demonstrates the sequence of operations and characterizes the materials and equipment.

In addition, the proposed combination of elements of the technological scheme allows not only to produce pellets in a narrower range of sizes, but also to more widely vary the sizes of raw and, accordingly, finished granules. The proposed technical solution makes it possible to obtain raw granules of any given size in the range from 0.5 to 40 mm, which leads to a finished product with a diameter of 1 to 80 mm. This circumstance greatly expands the possible field of use of the finished product. In addition, this combination of process elements has, with other things being equal, significantly higher productivity compared to the known technological solution, which has a favorable effect on the cost of the product.

Production has a continuous cycle of work and ensures stable and high quality products. The finished foam silicate gravel has, depending on the selected process parameters, the following characteristics: bulk density 150-900 kg / m ³ , diameter of granules 1-80 mm with appropriate heat conductivity and strength.

The proposed technical solution allows to expand and improve the consumer characteristics of the finished product while reducing the cost of the product and increasing the productivity of the production line. Thus, the proposed technical solution has a number of differences and advantages from the known. These differences are as follows:

- do not perform an additional operation of washing cullet, as paper labels and metal foil bottles do not interfere with further technological operations, and the process of washing and subsequent drying requires considerable energy consumption;

- a mixture of carbonate and carbon materials is used as the blowing agent, which reduces the cost of grinding due to the low strength of carbon materials and reduces the cost of raw materials using low-grade carbon materials, the amount of carbonate blowing agent mixed with carbon can vary from 5 to 95% by weight. ;

- the pore-forming agent is milled separately with cullet, which improves the quality of the finished product, because the separate preparation of the raw material allows independently optimizing the quality of the original components;

Quartz additive is used additionally, quartz river sand is used as an additive not exceeding 20% ​​by weight of the glass quantity, which allows to reduce the consumption of more expensive glass compared to sand, to improve the gassing of the carbonate blowing agent and to increase the strength of the resulting materials;

- mixing of cullet powder, ground quartz and blowing agent is produced in a drum mixer, which allows achieving high homogeneity of the finished product;

- mixing of the obtained powder and aqueous solution of soluble glass is carried out in a high-speed mixer, which results in a wet product easily discharged into granules of controlled dimensions;

- pellets are obtained by rolling in a drum granulator, since the use of such a pelletizer makes it easy to control the rolling time and to obtain granules of the required sizes at high process efficiency;

- the obtained granules are dried in a drum dryer, which, unlike the belt-screen dryer, completely avoids the process of sticking the granules;

- when the pellets are foamed in a rotary kiln, the temperature in the first half of the furnace along the granules is maximal and amounts to 720-900 ° C, which makes it possible to make maximum use of the evolved gases and obtain a product of stable quality;

- Use dry dry clay, chalk, cement separately, in a mixture or mixed with river quartz sand as a separating medium, which expands the raw material base, reduces the cost of necessary components and improves the quality of the finished product.

These components are used in a mixture with quartz sand in an amount of less than 20% by weight of the latter. As a separating medium use dry crushed dry clay, chalk, cement separately, in a mixture or in a mixture with river quartz sand. The use of these components as a separation medium separately, in a mixture, and in a mixture with quartz sand, in contrast to conventional quartz sand, completely prevents the granules from sticking together during the heat treatment, especially at high temperatures and the production of high-density granules. The use of these components in a mixture with quartz sand in an amount of less than 20% by weight of the latter results in the coalescence of a part of the granules during the foaming process above 900 ° C, which reduces the quality of the product.

While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, it is perfectly clear that changes and additions can be made thereto by those skilled in the art, which do not, however, fall outside the scope of the following claims.

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21. A.c. USSR №1571015. MKI C 03 C 11/00. Method for the production of foam glass. A.A. Grigoryan, G.S. Melkonyan, A.A. Sargsyan. Opubl. 15.06.90. Bul. No. 22.

22. The patent of the Russian Federation 2243174, МКИ 7 With 03 With 1 11/00. Raw material for the production of granular foam glass. YM Bashkirov, VI Kirk, MM Kolosova, GE Nagibin, AI Podlekarev. Date of publication on 27.12.2004.

23. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2232141, Method for obtaining a lightweight aggregate.

24. Patent WO 00/61512, C 04 B 20/10. The method of obtaining a homogeneous granular foam glass. B. A. Maksimov, V. P. Petrov, S. F. Korenkova. Date of publication 10.07.2004.

25. Patent US 433290, C 03 C 11/00. Granulated foamed glass and process for the production thereof. Otto A. Vieli. Published on 01/06/1982.

26. The patent of the Russian Federation 2235694, With 03 With 11/00. Glass for the production of foam. G.E. Nagibin, M.M. Kolosova, V.I.Kirko, L.A. Mazalova, OA Rezinkina. Date of publication 10.09.2004.

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28. The patent of the Russian Federation 2218314, МКИ With 04 In 14/00. Method for preparing a swelling additive. Kh.G. Gilmanov, V.Sh.Khalilov, AKKamalov, ZAFatkhutdinov, V.G. Ufimtsev, I.R.Nigmatullin, P.L. Olkov. Date of publication 10.12.2003.

29. Patent US 4,826,788, C 03 B 19/08. Composition for the production of foamed glass molded products. Heinz Dennert, Hans V. Dennert, Alois Seidl. Published on 02/05/1989.

30. Patent SI 9700161b C 03 B 19/08. Proizvod na osnovi penjenega stekla, postopek za njegovo proizvodnojo in uporaba. Ducman Vilma, Mihaela. Published on 31.12.1998.

31. Patent GB 1002786. The process of producing foamed glass and foamed glass and insulating material produced by this process. Hermann Kreidl. Published August 25, 1965.

32. The patent of the Russian Federation № 2162825, МКИ С 03 С 11/00. The method of manufacturing granulated foam glass from cullet. G.I. Iskorenko, V.P. Kanaev, G.M. Pogrebinsky - Declared. 13.12.1998. - I'm going to waste 10.02.2001.

CLAIM

A process for the preparation of foam silicate gravel, comprising drying and crushing the cullet and blowing agent, a mixture of carbonate and carbon materials, in mills, feeding the ground charge to a storage bin, weighing the cullet and blowing agent before mixing, granulating the charge using an aqueous solution of soluble glass, drying the granules, Into the granule storage hopper, foaming the pellets in the rotary kiln together with the separating medium, annealing the granules and separating them from the separation medium after annealing, characterized in that the amount of carbonate blowing agent in a mixture with the carbon is taken from 5 to 95% by weight, mixing the cullet powders, Quartz and blowing agent are produced in a drum mixer, and mixing of the obtained powder and aqueous solution of soluble glass is carried out in a high-speed mixer, the granules being obtained by rolling in a drum granulator, which are dried in a drum dryer, with subsequent foaming of the pellets in a rotary kiln, The granules are maintained in the range of 720-900 ° C, and in the second half of the furnace is 580-300 ° C, and a mixture of chalk or cement with river quartz sand is used as the separating medium, these components being taken in a mixture with quartz sand in an amount of less 20% by weight of the latter.

print version
Publication date 17.01.2007gg

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