Start of section Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining	Stealth Master Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions	Secrets of the cosmos Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2283817

BUILDING MIXTURE

The name of the inventor: Tkach Yuri Izyaslavich (RU); Weaver Izzy Libovic (RU); Tkach Leonid Izyaslavich (RU); Tkach Alexander Leonidovich (RU); Shperber Rubin Yelizarovich (RU); Shperber Elizar Rubinovich (RU); Kuzmin Frida Rubinovna (RU); Shperber Irina Rubinovna (RU); Shperber Raisa Semenovna (RU); Shperber David Rubinovich (RU); Kuzmin Igor Leonidovich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Subsidiary Closed Joint-Stock Company "ORGREMGAZ" (DZAO ORGREMGAZ)
Address for correspondence: 350002, Krasnodar, ul. Sadovaya, 112, Orgremgaz, Deputy General Director Yu.I.Tkachu
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.02.28

The invention relates to building materials, in particular to mortar compositions with increased storage and frost resistance, used for laying brick, concrete and light stone structures. The mortar consisting of Portland cement, derived fatty acids, sand and water, additionally includes sodium chloride, and as fatty acid derivatives - an alkaline runoff of vegetable oils containing 0.1-0.7% by weight of free alkali, with the following mass Ratio of components,%: portland cement - 14.0-18.0, sand - 64.0-69.0, alkaline runoff of vegetable oil production - 0.8-2.5, sodium chloride - 0.003-0.2, water - Up to 100. The technical result is an increase in the strength and frost resistance of mortar, reducing its delamination.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to building materials, in particular to mortar compositions with increased storage and frost resistance, used for laying brick, concrete and light stone structures.

A mortar is known (author's certificate of the USSR №1273343, С 04 В 24/18, 1986), consisting of cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 3, water and a complex additive containing, by weight:

And the amount of complex additive in the solution is 0.033-0.39% of the mass of cement.

Disadvantages of this solution are low mobility, frost resistance and delamination.

The closest in technical essence is the mortar (USSR copyright certificate No. 1671635, 04/04 B, 24/04, 1991), which includes the following components in a weight ratio,%:

Disadvantages of this solution are low mobility, frost resistance and delamination.

The proposed mortar consists of portland cement, sand, fatty acid derivatives, water and, in addition, sodium chloride, where, as fatty acid derivatives, it contains an alkaline runoff of vegetable oils having 0.1-0.7% by weight of free alkali, with the following bulk Ratio of components,%:

Alkaline runoff production of vegetable oils (SHSPRM) is a waste of production of vegetable oils at the stage of their purification from unsaturated fatty acids. This pasty substance is light brown or brown in the following composition, wt.%:

The content of free alkali in the MS is determined as follows.

In a conical flask with a capacity of 400 ml, take a sample of SCHPM in an amount of 5-10 g with an accuracy of 0.01 g, add 50 ml of 96% pre-neutralized alcohol and 2-3 drops of 1% alcohol solution of phenolphthalein and titer 0, 1N hydrochloric acid solution until the pink color disappears.

The SCHPM sample is taken depending on the free alkali content so that after the titration of the sample the alcohol concentration is not lower than 60%.

The content of free alkali is calculated by the formula:

X = (0.004 × C × K) / G,%,

Where 0.004 is the amount of alkali corresponding to 1 ml of a 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution, g;

C is the amount of 0.1N hydrochloric acid solution consumed for titration, ml:

K - correction to the titer of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution:

G - hinge SHCHPM,

The mortar is prepared by mixing sand, SCHPM, sodium chloride and water in a mortar mixer for 1.5-2 minutes. Portland cement is then introduced and stirring is continued for another 2-3 minutes.

To test the proposed mortar, samples were prepared under laboratory conditions according to the examples below.

When preparing mortars used portland cement M300 and natural quartz sand with M _cr = 1,2-2,2. As SHCHPM used waste production of oils JSC "Experimental butter factory", Krasnodar.

The prepared solution mixture from the mixer was discharged into a container, and then samples of the solution were taken at certain time intervals (4, 20 and 28 hours) to determine the mobility along the depth of immersion of the reference cone into it.

The resolving capacity of the mortar mixture was determined by comparing the content of aggregate in the lower and upper parts of a freshly molded sample measuring 150 × 150 × 150 mm.

The strength of the solution was determined in accordance with the requirements of GOST 10180-90 when compressing samples prepared from a working solution of dimensions 70.7 × 70.7 × 70.7 mm subjected to 3-day, 26-day, and 56-day hardening at 25 ° C.

To determine the frost resistance of a solidified solution saturated with water, it was frozen at minus 40 ° C and thawed at room temperature, followed by determination of the compressive strength. For frost resistance, the number of cycles of alternating freezing and thawing of samples was taken, in which the strength decreased by no more than 25% with a mass loss of not more than 5%.

Example №1

To prepare the mortar, 341.5 g of sand is placed in a mortar mixer; 7.5 g of SCHSR containing 0.5% by weight of free alkali; 0.5 g of sodium chloride; 73 g of water and stirred for 1.5 minutes, then 77.5 g of Portland cement is introduced thereinto and stirring is continued for a further 3 minutes. The resulting solution is tested for mobility, delamination, and samples are prepared from it to determine the strength and frost resistance. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example №2

The mortar is prepared according to Example No. 1 with the difference that 345 g of sand are taken; 12.5 g of SCHSR containing 0.1% by weight of free alkali; 0.015 g of sodium chloride; 72.485 g of water and stir for 2 minutes, add 70 g Portland cement and continue stirring for 2 more minutes. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example №3

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 1 with the difference that 314 g of sand is taken; 4.0 g of SSRM containing 0.7% by weight of free alkali; 1.0 g of sodium chloride; 81.0 g of water and 73.0 g of Portland cement. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example №4

The mortar is prepared according to Example No. 1 with the difference that 329 g of sand is taken; 12.5 g of SCHSR containing 0.5% by weight of free alkali; 0.5 g of sodium chloride; 73.0 g of water and 85.0 g of Portland cement. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

Example №5

The mortar is prepared according to Example No. 1 with the difference that 320 g of sand are taken; 4.0 g of SSRM containing 0.1% by weight of free alkali; 0.015 g of sodium chloride; 85.985 g of water and 90.0 g of Portland cement. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

Example №6

The mortar is prepared according to Example No. 1 with the difference that 323.5 g of sand are taken; 7.5 g of SCHSR containing 0.7% by weight of free alkali; 1.0 g of sodium chloride; 80.0 g of water and 88.0 g of Portland cement. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

Example №7 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 1, with the difference that 3.5 grams of SCHPM, 77.0 g of water are taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example No. 8 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 1 with the difference that 14 grams of SCHPM and 66.5 g of water are taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example No. 9 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 4 with the difference that 3.5 grams of SCHPM and 82.0 g of water are taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

Example No. 10 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 4 with the difference that 14 grams of SCHPM and 71.5 g of water are taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

Example No. 11 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 1 with the difference that the SSPM containing 0.05% by weight of free alkali is taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example No. 12 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 1, with the difference that the SSPM containing 0.8% by weight of free alkali is taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example №13 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 4, with the difference that 7.5 grams of SSRM containing 0.05% by weight of free alkali and 78.0 g of water are taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

Example №14 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 4, with the difference that 7.5 grams of SSRM containing 0.8% by weight of free alkali and 78.0 g of water are taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

Example No. 15 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared according to Example No. 1 with the difference that 1.25 g of sodium chloride and 72.25 g of water are taken. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 16 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 4, with the difference that 7.5 grams of SSRM containing 0.5% by weight of free alkali and 78.5 g of water are taken. The mortar is prepared without the addition of sodium chloride. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example №17 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 1 without the proposed additives. We take 340.5 g of sand, 87.0 g of water and 72.5 g of Portland cement. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example No. 18 (comparative)

The mortar is prepared in accordance with Example No. 4 without the proposed additives. We take 324 g of sand, 86.5 g of water and 89.5 g of Portland cement. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

Example No. 19 (by prototype)

The mortar is prepared according to Example No. 1 with the difference that 342.1 g of sand, 2.55 g of neutralized secondary mother liquor of pentaerythritol production based on the sodium salt of formic acid and carbohydrates (SPS), 0.35 g of soap, 82.0 g of water and 73.0 g of Portland cement. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Example №20 (according to the prototype)

The mortar is prepared according to Example No. 19 with the difference that 329.4 g of sand are taken, 3.0 g of neutralized secondary mother liquor of pentaerythritol production based on the sodium salt of formic acid and carbohydrates, 0.25 g of soap, 82.35 g of water and 85.0 g of Portland cement. The composition of the solution and the test results are given in Tables 1 and 3.

As can be seen from the presented results, the proposed mortar has high performance indicators due to the introduction of alkaline runoff in its production of vegetable oils and sodium chloride (pr 1-6).

The mobility of the solution increases by 27.7% compared to the prototype, the frost resistance increases by 18.7-24%, and the peelability of the solution decreases by 37.9-39% while maintaining high compressive strength.

However, such high indicators are achievable only within the declared limits of the composition of the mortar.

Thus, with an increase or decrease in the content of SCHI in the mortar (pr. No. 7-10), with a decrease in the free alkali content in the SCHPM (pr 11 and 13), and in the absence of sodium chloride (No. 16), the frost resistance And delamination is reduced.

With an increase in the content of free alkali in the SHCHPM above the claimed (pr. 12 and 14), the workability of the mortar (the brick in the laying slips) is disrupted. In the event of an increase in the claimed amount of sodium chloride (Ave No. 15) appear high on the walls.

CLAIM

A mortar consisting of portland cement, derivatives of fatty acids, sand and water, characterized in that it additionally includes sodium chloride, and as fatty acid derivatives, an alkaline runoff of vegetable oils containing 0.1-0.7 wt% free Alkali, at the following mass ratio of components,%:

print version
Date of publication 07.01.2007gg

NEW ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS
	The technology of manufacturing universal couplings for unbreakable, threadless, flossless connection of pipe sections in high pressure pipelines (video is available )
	Technology of oil and oil products cleaning
	On the possibility of moving a closed mechanical system at the expense of internal forces
	Fluorescence in thin dielectric channels
	The relationship between quantum and classical mechanics
	Millimeter waves in medicine. A New Look. MMV therapy
	Magnetic engine
	Heat source based on pump units