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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2290385
PESSCEMENT COMPOSITION FOR PREPARATION OF FOAM CONCRETE
The name of the inventor: Shevchenko Valentina Arkadievna (RU); Artemyeva Natalia Alexandrovna
The name of the patent holder: Krasnoyarsk State Academy of Architecture and Construction
Address for correspondence: 660041 , Krasnoyarsk, Svobodny Ave., 82, KGASA, research and development sector, patent expert TB. Gelbova
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.02.24
The invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used in the manufacture of cellular concrete and articles based on it. The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost of the raw mix for the preparation of foam concrete, increase its strength, reduce density and heat conductivity. The cement-free composition for the preparation of foam concrete includes, mass%: high-calcium ash-removal of CHP 55 ... 60, microsilica 3 ... 4, mineralized effluent - waste of non-ferrous metal production, consisting of sodium and calcium chlorides, 2.5 .. .3,0, foaming agent 0,2 ... 0,3 and water - the rest.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used in the manufacture of cellular concrete and articles based on it.
Known raw mix for the preparation of foam concrete, containing: cement 30 ... 45%; Fine waste of gas cleaning of ferrosilicon production 15 ... 25%; Resin wood saponified 0,2 ... 0,4; Calcium chloride 0,3 ... 0,6%; Wastes of mechanical processing of asbestos-lime-siliceous products 3 ... 5% and water [SU 1353761 A1, 23.11.1986].
The disadvantage of the known raw material mixture is that it uses an additive of calcium chloride obtained by artificial means.
A raw material mixture for the preparation of foam concrete is known, containing as binder shale ash-drift from Baltic blasting oil shale, sand (or coal ash) and foam, prepared from an aqueous solution of glue foam frother [RU 2067569 C1, 04B 04/02, 10.10 .1996].
The disadvantage of the known raw material mixture is that the technology of manufacturing products uses a special method of hydrothermal processing, which complicates the technological process. In addition, the density of the resulting foam concrete has a high value with insufficient strength.
As a prototype, a raw mix is adopted, which contains: cement 30 ... 45%; Flotation removal of fly ash 15 ... 30% ;, resin wood saponified 0,2 ... 0,4%; Carbide sludge based on Ca (OH) 2 0.3 ... 0.7%; Calcium chloride 0.3 ... 0.45% and water [SU 1544747 A1, 23.02.1990].
The disadvantage of the prototype is the presence in the composition of expensive components: cement and calcium chloride, obtained by artificial means with significant material and energy costs.
The task of the invention is to reduce the material consumption and energy intensity by using industrial waste, as well as increase the strength of foam concrete, reduce its density and heat conductivity.
To solve the task in a cementless composition for the preparation of foam concrete, which includes high-calcium ash-entrainment of CHP, the addition of mineralized effluents containing salts of calcium chloride and sodium, a foaming agent and water, it is advisable to use three types of by-products of the fuel and energy and metallurgical industries without the use of cement binders And placeholders.
The main component of the raw mix for the preparation of foam concrete is fly ash, obtained by burning brown coal from KATEK. The chemical composition of ash is high-calcium and has hydraulic and astringent properties. The wide application of this valuable product is hampered by the presence in the ash of calcium oxide in a free state, i.e. In the form of particles covered with a vitreous membrane, difficult to contact with water in the initial time of interaction. This leads to the hydration of calcium oxide at a late age, when the bulk of the material has already hardened and can crack when CaO passes into Ca (OH) 2 , accompanied by an increase in volume.
Neutralize the destructive effect of CaO free by various methods, both physical and chemical. One of the promising methods of chemical neutralization of CaO sludge is the introduction into the composition of ash compositions of active microsilica - a by-product of the production of metallic silicon, capable of reacting chemically with calcium oxide at an early stage with the formation of dense and strong hydrosilicates.
Another reserve material for obtaining efficient building materials, including foam concrete, is liquid waste from the metallurgical industry - mineralized effluents, which are produced as a by-product at the Krasnoyarsk non-ferrous metals plant and are a mixture of salt solutions. According to the chemical composition, the mineralized effluents are electrolyte salts capable of intensifying the hydration reaction and increasing the volume of neoplasms, which ultimately leads to an increase in the hardness of the hardening systems. The introduction of mineralized effluents into the composition of ash-siliceous compositions intensifies the hardening process of the ash at the initial time, while ensuring early structure formation of the raw mix, and accelerated recruitment of the strength of the material.
Together, the three types of associated industrial products make it possible to produce cement-free ash-siliceous compositions for the preparation of heat-insulating and structural-heat-insulating cellular concrete of non-autoclaved hardening of grades of D400-D600 density, which, with conventional technology, require high-quality, specially produced binders and fillers.
The accompanying effect of the developed technology is the improvement of the environmental situation in the region.
The raw mixture is prepared from the components in the following ratio: high calcium ash-removal 55 ... 60%; Microsilica 3 ... 4%, mineralized effluents 2.5 ... 3.0%, foaming agent 0.2 ... 0.3%; Water - the rest.
The fly ash is fed into the concrete mixer and is closed by an aqueous suspension consisting of microsilica, mineralized drains and water. The mixture is mixed in a concrete mixer forcibly for 2 ... 3 minutes. Simultaneously with this process, foam foam is prepared in the foam generator from a solution of the foaming agent of the working concentration.
The resulting foam is fed to the concrete mixer, where it is mixed with the concrete mixture for 1.5 minutes until a homogeneous porous mass is obtained. From the finished mixture, products are formed, hardening of which is carried out in the heat-and-moisture processing chamber at an isothermal holding temperature of 70-85 ° C.
The raw materials for the foam concrete of the proposed composition were: high-calcium ash of dry sampling at Krasnoyarsk CHPP-2, microsilica of the Bratsk Aluminum Smelter and saline (mineralized) effluents of the Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant. As a foaming agent, any of the known and currently used foam concrete technologies (SDO, PO-6, Morpen, Neopor, PB-2000, etc.) can be used.
The developed raw mix is more economical than known, thanks to the use of passing products of various industries.
The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost of the raw mix for the preparation of foam concrete and increase the strength of concrete, reduce the density and thermal conductivity of foam concrete, and improve the ecological situation in the region.
Compositions of the developed composition and properties of foam concrete, obtained on its basis, are presented in Tables 1 and 2.
| table 2 Properties of foam concrete on the basis of cementless compositions | ||||
| Composition of the mixture | Physical and mechanical properties | |||
| Density, kg / m 3 | Compressive strength, MPa | Flexural strength, MPa | Coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / m · K | |
| 1 | 350 | 1.3 | 0.25 | 0.09 |
| 2 | 580 | 2.2 | 0.34 | 0,15 |
| Famous | 360 | 1.3 | 0.24 | 0.10 |
CLAIM
The cementless composition for the preparation of foam concrete, which includes high-calorific fly ash, foaming agent and water, characterized in that it additionally contains microsilica, mineralized effluent-the waste of non-ferrous metal production, consisting of sodium and calcium chlorides, with the following component ratio, wt% :
| High-calorific fly ash | 55-60 |
| Microsilica | 3-4 |
| These mineralized drains | 2.5-3.0 |
| Frother | 0.2-0.3 |
| Water | Rest |
print version
Date of publication 06.04.2007гг
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