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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2246464
COMPOSITION ON THE BASIS OF MAGNESIUM BINDING
The name of the inventor: Leontiev I.V.
(RU); Kramar L.Ya. (RU); Korolev A.S. (RU); Trofimov B.Ya. (RU); Baranov R.S.
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company "Uralgermetik"
Address for correspondence: 454084, Chelyabinsk, ul. Kalinin, 11g, OOO "Uralgermetik"
The effective date of the patent: 2001.08.08
The invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used in the manufacture of slabs and panels intended for interior and exterior cladding of buildings, window sills, staircases, and for the production of dry building mixtures and the construction of monolithic structures: floors, indoor and outdoor plasters. The technical result is the simultaneous increase of water resistance, frost resistance and strength of materials on the magnesian binder by directional formation of their structure by the introduction of a complex modifying additive. A magnesia binder composition containing caustic magnesite, a highly active amorphous silica, a magnesium chloride solution and a filler contains a solution of magnesium chloride of 1.2 to 1.25 g / cc and an additionally finely divided magnesium hydrosilicate additive at the following component ratio, %: Caustic magnesite - 20-30; Highly active amorphous silicon dioxide - 1.5-4.5; Said solution of magnesium chloride is 15-25; Hydrosilicate of magnesium - 1-3,5; Placeholder - the rest.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used in the manufacture of slabs and panels for interior and exterior cladding of buildings, window sills, stairs, and for the production of dry construction mixtures and the construction of monolithic structures: floors, indoor and outdoor plasters.
It is known that the production of materials and articles on magnesia binder with high strength, water resistance and frost resistance is impossible without the use of modifying additives, preferably mineral ones.
Known mass (RU 2098382, C 04 V 28/30, 1997) for the production of lining material, comprising the components in the following ratio, by weight:
- Caustic dolomite 20-60
- A solution of magnesium chloride 29-55
- Calcium-magnesium silicate 5-40
- Surfactant 0.01-0.1
- Pigment 0.5-5
- Water the rest
In this composition, the calcium-magnesium silicate is used in part as a filler and partly as a source of silicic acid, which contributes to the increase in strength and frost resistance of the resulting lining material. At the same time, the effectiveness of this method is not high enough. If the strength of the resulting material has doubled in separate compositions, an increase in frost resistance up to 25 ... 29 cycles does not solve the problem of the durability of the wall material used for exterior finishing. In addition, there is no evidence of water resistance and crack resistance of the material when the humidity of the environment changes.
The astringent is known (SU 1433924, C 04 B 9/00), comprising components in the following ratio, by weight:
- Magnesium oxide 25-45
- Burned serpentine 47-67
- Chloride or sulphate magnesium balance
This binder provides excellent strength and linear shrinkage values for hardening, there is no data on its water resistance and frost resistance. The disadvantages of the proposed solution can be attributed to the additional energy costs for firing serpentine.
There are also known methods of increasing the water resistance of a magnesia stone by the addition of mineral additives containing an increased amount of active SiO 2 . These include slags, acid ash, dust collecting products of furnaces and others, but there is no evidence that such materials are highly water and frost-resistant.
The closest in technical essence to the invention is a composition based on a magnesia binder (RU No. 2163578 C1, February 27, 2001) containing caustic magnesite, highly active amorphous silicon dioxide, magnesium chloride solution and aggregate.
The invention solves the problem of increasing simultaneously the water resistance, frost resistance and strength of materials on the magnesian binder by directional formation of their structure by the introduction of a complex modifying additive.
Summary of the invention consists in that a magnesia binder composition comprising caustic magnesite, a highly active amorphous silica, a magnesium chloride solution and a filler contains a solution of magnesium chloride of density 1.2 ... 1.25 g / cm and additionally a finely dispersed additive of a hydrosilicate Magnesium with the following ratio of components, mass%:
- Caustic Magnesite 20-30
- Highly active amorphous silicon dioxide 1.5-4.5
- A solution of magnesium chloride of density 1.2 ... 1.25 g / cm 3 15-25
- Magnesium hydrosilicate 1-3,5
- Placeholder Other
The content of caustic magnesite in an amount of 20-30% by weight is necessary and sufficient to ensure the adhesion of all the constituent components to the whole with minimal porosity and maximum strength.
The content of a solution of magnesium chloride of density 1.2 ... 1.25 g / cm 3 in an amount of 15-25% by weight is necessary and sufficient to create a workable mixture. A smaller amount of it in the composition will lead to an undesirable decrease in the mobility of the mixture, and the greater will unnecessarily increase the mobility, which will lead to a decrease in strength and an increase in the porosity of the material due to the processes of stratification and air entrainment. In addition, vapors may be formed, and this is undesirable for finishing surfaces.
The presence in the composition of highly active amorphous silica powder contributes to the formation of water-resistant magnesium hydrosilicates. Its content in the composition, less than 1.5% by weight, is not sufficient for the task to be accomplished, and more than 4.5% by weight is simply superfluous, the surplus will remain in a free state and will promote swelling of the material and reducing its crack resistance.
The presence of finely dispersed magnesium hydrosilicate initiates the crystallization of modified hydrated neoplasms, which are stable magnesium oxychlorides and the reaction products of highly active fine silica with magnesium oxide.
This provides additional consolidation of the structure of magnesia stone with water-resistant crystalline phases, causing an increase in strength, water resistance and frost resistance of the resulting materials and products. The content of the initiator of the crystallization of magnesium hydrosilicates in the composition of less than 1% by weight is not sufficient for the purposeful crystallization of the desired neoplasms. An increase in the content of magnesium hydrosilicate additive in excess of 3.5% by weight will lead to an increase in the binder and quenching agent consumption, the most expensive components, and to a decrease in the strength of the magnesia stone.
The filler is necessary to save the binder and create a strong mineral skeleton. Any rock of sedimentary, magmatic and / or metamorphic origin can be used as a filler.
A composition for manufacturing construction products is prepared as follows.
Caustic magnesite, aggregate, amorphous highly dispersed silicon dioxide and finely dispersed magnesium hydrosilicate are mixed dry, then the resulting dry mass is thoroughly mixed for 1 ... 3 minutes with an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride of density 1.2 ... 1.25 g / cm 3 in The quantity providing a molten mobility of the magnesia mixture. The resulting composition is poured into molds and held for 4 ... 5 hours.
The compositions of the compositions are shown in Tables 1 and 2. From the characteristics of the compositions obtained, it can be seen that the use of a complex additive makes it possible to obtain waterproof articles with sufficient frost resistance and strength at low binder costs.
Increasing the strength of the proposed material allows, when using an organic aggregate, to obtain effective thermal insulating concretes, and when using special aggregates with high abrasive hardness characteristics.
| Table 1 | ||||
| N mixture | Additives,% by weight of cement | Compressive strength (28 s) MPa | Coefficient of water resistance *, 28 days | Frost resistance according to GOST10060.1, Cycles |
| 1 | No | 46.5 | 0.51 | 20 |
| 2 | Hydrosilicate of magnesium 5 | 53.4 | 0.65 | 25 |
| 3 | Hydrosilicate of magnesium 10 | 39.3 | 0.68 | 35 |
| 4 | Microsilica 15 | 38.3 | 0.83 | 95 |
| 5 | Microsilica 8 | 40.3 | 0.80 | 60 |
| 6th | Hydrosilicate of magnesium 5, | |||
| Microsilica 8 | 48.0 | 0.90 | 200 | |
| 7th | Hydrosilicate of magnesium 10 | |||
| Microsilica 10 | 53.5 | 0.93 | 230 | |
| * The coefficient of water resistance was determined from the ratio of the strength of a sample saturated with water for four days, according to GOST 10060.0, to the strength of samples hardened in natural conditions. | ||||
| table 2 | ||||||
| N mixture | Caustic magnesite,% | The Creator,% | Filler,% | Additives,% by weight of the composition | Compressive strength (28 days), MPa | Coefficient of softening |
| 1 | 20 | 15 | 65 | no | 33.5 | 0.55 |
| 2 | thirty | 25 | 45 | no | 45.0 | 0.60 |
| 3 | 17.5 | 15 | 65 | Hydrosilicate magnesium 1.0 amorphous silica 1.5 | 45.0 | 0.91 |
| 4 | 22 | 25 | 45 | Magnesium hydrosilicate 3.5 amorphous silica 4.5 | 53.4 | 0.90 |
| 5 | 19.5 | 20 | 55 | Magnesium hydrosilicate 2.5 amorphous silica 3.0 | 58.3 | 0.96 |
CLAIM
A composition based on a magnesia binder containing caustic magnesite, a highly active amorphous silica, a magnesium chloride solution and a filler, characterized in that it contains a solution of magnesium chloride of 1.2 to 1.25 g / cc and an additionally finely divided additive of magnesium hydrosilicate with the following Ratio of components, mass%:
- Caustic magnesite 20-30
- Highly active amorphous silica 1,5-4,5
- Said solution of magnesium chloride 15-25
- Magnesium hydrosilicate 1-3,5
- Filler other
print version
Date of publication 06.04.2007гг
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