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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2273620

TORFODREVESNAYA COMPOSITION FOR MANUFACTURING THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

Name of the inventor: Kopanitsa Natalia O. (RU); Kudyakov Alexander (RU); Kalashnikova Margarita Alekseevna (RU); Anton B. Ryzhikov
The name of the patentee: Tomsk State Architectural University (Trace)
Address for correspondence: 634003, Tomsk, pl. Salt, 2, Trace, patent department
Starting date of the patent: 2004.03.22

The invention relates to the production of building materials based on torfodrevesnogo raw materials and can be used in the manufacture of plates, blocks, shells for thermal insulation of residential and industrial buildings, and industrial equipment. Torfodrevesnaya composition for the manufacture of heat-insulating building materials containing, by mass%. As a binder - dispersed 20.5-28.5 lowland peat, sawdust as a filler 61-73, water-repellent additive is 3.0-5.0 and foaming additive 3, 5-6.5 with respect vodotverdom 2.0-2.4. Technical result: obtaining a waterproof, uniform building material with low density and low thermal conductivity.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the production of building materials based on torfodrevesnogo raw materials and can be used in the manufacture of plates, blocks, shells for thermal insulation of residential and industrial buildings, and industrial equipment.

Known composition for the manufacture of heat-insulating material for building constructions, including peat 20-60%, 34-65% polifenolglikolevy resin, hardener 2-5% aluminum powder - 2-5%, 2-5% of the blowing agent. Peat is used as a filler, binder is polifenolglikolevy polymer. The mixture was thoroughly mixed, molded articles and dried. Compressive strength products 2,96-7,41 kg / cm ^2, a density of 150-350 kg / m ^3, the thermal conductivity of 0.02-0.05 W / m · K. The disadvantage of this composition is free of phenol output during operation (SU, USSR № 833920. Byul.№ 20 from 05.30.81), which has an adverse impact on the environment and human health.

Known and raw meal for the production of wood-peat construction materials containing peat moss (the degree of decomposition of 5-15%) in an amount of 10-25 wt.%, Wood residues 20-40 wt.%, Bischofite 6-25 wt.%, Alyumohromofosfat 1-3 wt.% and magnesite else. The mixture was thoroughly kneaded and formed article at 150-160 ° C and a pressure of 5.3 MPa. The compressive strength of the composition of peat products is 11,0-18,0 MPa. The disadvantage of these peat products is their high density of 960-1000 kg / m ^3, the thermal conductivity 0,11-0,17 W / m · K (SU, USSR № 2005108. Bul. Number 47-48 on 12/30/93) .

And known composition comprising Portland cement as a binder, and its derivatives peat, wood waste and water as a liquid under the following mixing ratio of ingredients, wt%: Portland cement 33-38;. wood wastes peat deposits 20-25; peat moss 4-12; peat extractor 1-3; Water 22-42. In this use peat moss having a degree of expansion of 5-10% and 55-70% humidity which, together with the pre-soaked wood waste vodnometinolnom in methanol solution with a concentration of 6-10 g / l at 80-100 ° C for 2-5 min . The maximum strength of the composition is 6.41 MPa, the thermal conductivity of 0.12 W / m · K (SU, USSR № 1244122. Bul. Number 26 of 16/07/86).

The closest the technical essence and achieved result of the thermal insulation is described by the mass of the patent of the Russian Federation № 2120424. published. 20.10.98, BI number 29. Thermal insulation mass has the following composition, wt% dry matter:. Granulated peat 2-50, filler (sawdust, chaff, straw cutting) 30-61, binder (dispersed peat) 18-42, water to humidity 76-85%. The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively high thermal conductivity, high average density and low strength.

It is known that as a binder in the manufacture of construction materials used peat moss, SU, for example the compositions USSR № 1244122. Bul. Number 26 of 16/07/86, av.sv. USSR № 2005108. Bul. Number 47-48 of 30/12/93, SU, USSR № 1794929. Bul. Number 6 on 02/15/93. Mounted turf different from lowland higher organic content (tar substances). Since the prototype is an analogue of the famous thermal insulation mixture comprising as a binder bitumen (SU, number 304 823), it can be assumed that in the prior art case of upland peat dispersed as a binder for heat-insulating mass.

Object of the invention - using as torfovyazhuschego lowland peat dispersed in an aqueous medium to obtain a waterproof homogeneous building material with low density and low thermal conductivity.

The problem is solved as follows.

Common to the known composition, taken as a prototype, is the presence in its composition of dispersed peat as a binder, a filler in the form of wood sawdust and water. But unlike the prototype of the claimed torfodrevesnoy compositions used as a binder - dispersed in water lowland peat. It features inventive composition by the fact that it further comprises a water-repellent additives and foaming, in the following ratio, wt.%:

Torfodrevesnaya composition differs from the prototype by the fact that in the particular case as a hydrophobizing additive it contains an additive based silansilaksanovyh compounds (for example, "AquaPhone"), and as a foaming additive - the additive based on the solution of a balanced mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants and protein supplements (for example, "Biolas").

The optimum composition of the claimed composition meets the following content, wt.%:

Lowland peat mostly used as a filler in compositions with mineral or organic binders (cement, gypsum, lime, bitumen, polymers), for example the compositions SU, USSR № 833920. Bull. Number 20 of 05/30/81, SU, USSR № 1759813. Bul. Number 33 of 09/07/92. The experimental results showed that lowland peat is different from the upper high mineral content, the composition close to the minerals Portland, hydromechanical activation initiates the binding properties of lowland peat that causes it higher than that of peat, the adhesion to the surface of the wood filler hardening in normal conditions. Besides, lowland peat has upland compared with lower hygroscopicity and water absorption, and that affects an increase in moisture resistance in comparison with upland, a high degree of expansion that increases its biological stability, more uniform size distribution is significantly less acidic (pH 6-8) . Research and found that, for increasing the strength of the construction material containing lowland peat as an astringent, as a component karkasoobrazuyuschego efficient use of sawdust, and for modifying the properties of the composite torfodrevesnogo used as a foaming agent solution is a balanced mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants and protein supplements. The additives are widely known brands of supplements:. "Biolas" TEAS, Neopor thermal insulation and other composite torfodrevesny using a foaming agent becomes a finely porous, homogeneous structure, which has a positive effect on the thermal conductivity of the material. As the water-repellent additive effective to use "AquaPhone" GKZ-94 and others. Silansilaksanovyh based compounds. It was established experimentally that it is possible to use any other substances as additives which have a water-repellent or foaming properties that give the desired effect of improving water resistance and porosity modifier groups but above additives have increased affinity to the composite, providing the best results.

Given the significant reserves of low-lying peat, lack of demand for it in other areas as well, and the presence in the active functional groups that provide the potential for physical and chemical modification, can be attributed lowland peat to promising local natural raw materials, fit, as shown by experiments, as a binder for manufacture of insulating materials. The claimed composition is not found in the prior art, this proves the novelty of the claimed composition and its compliance with the basis of "inventive step".

To prepare the compositions are prepared five mixtures of ingredients (Table 1). Intervals presented ingredients obtained by experimental studies and optimization of the results. Specifications torfodrevesnoy compositions outside the obtained values ​​do not provide solutions task obtaining waterproof, uniform building material with low density and low thermal conductivity.

Lowland peat pulverized together with the water (80% of the total amount of water) in a ball mill to a fineness of 5-10 microns. To this is added torfovyazhuschemu sawdust and water-repellent additive. Foaming additive prepared separately, stirring the additive in water, the remainder of the total, is then mixed with foam torfodrevesnuyu weight. The mixture was thoroughly mixed until uniform, shaped manner vibrolitevym sample cubes 70 × 70 × 70 mm, which are then dried at 80-105 ° C for 16 hours. After drying strength of 1,55-1,92 MPa Compression at bending 0,65-0,90 MPa, the average density of 150-200 kg / m ^3.

Compositions and test results are mixtures of samples are presented in Table 2.

As seen from the table, the optimum ratio of strength, density and heat conductivity corresponds to the composition 3. In comparison with the prototype inventive composition has a lower density, with a higher compressive strength and low thermal conductivity. A higher density material (280-350 kg / m ³⁾ in the prior art suggests that the thermal conductivity coefficient of this material is higher than the inventive composition. The strength of the claimed composition corresponds to normative data for the thermal insulation materials, the composition of industrial applicability. Therefore, this composition can be used in the construction of the production of thermal insulation materials.

CLAIM

Torfodrevesnaya composition for the manufacture of insulating building materials comprising dispersed peat as a binder, sawdust as a filler and water, characterized in that it further comprises a repellent and a foaming additive, and a binder lowland peat used in the following ratio, wt.% :

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Publication date 18.01.2007gg

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