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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2133255

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC Wood-plastics

Name of the inventor: Bikbaev M.YA .; Kite OA .; Semenov LL .; Yezhov AA
The name of the patentee: Open Joint Stock Company Moscow Institute of Materials Science and efficient technologies
Address for correspondence: 127521, Moscow, 17 th pr-d Grove Marina, 9, OAO "Moscow IMET" Dep e-Intellect. priv. Dobrynin RM
Starting date of the patent: 1997.10.17

The invention relates to the production of composite materials and products based on them received from the Wood-plastic materials and waste, and can be used for building and other materials, and also for the manufacture of furniture, household and industrial use. The object of the invention is to provide an environmentally-friendly materials and products with a high level of technical performance dispersed using wood fillers with new binders - thermoplastics. The stated object is achieved in that the handling and mixing of the components is carried out by triboaktivatsii particles in the flow rate from 10 to 40 m / s and the molding is performed at a known composition and temperature parameters yield point of 0.1 to 1.0 g / 10 min.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of composite materials and products based on them received from the Wood-plastic materials and waste, and can be used for building and other materials, and also for the manufacture of furniture, household and industrial use.

In world practice widely used materials based on chipboard and MDF - panels, boards, etc., on the basis of dispersed fillers wood - shavings, sawdust, wood fibers bound in a solid array of thermosetting binders - urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde resins and their modification, and a binder based on isocyanate.

Availability and low cost feedstock, simple hardware design processes producing panels based on thermosetting resins, their physical and mechanical properties, the possibility of multiple versions - all as a whole is to create a huge amount of production of plate materials practically worldwide.

However, in the last decade, problems of ecological safety as the production of plate materials and products based on them have become more important for the international community than their economic and technological advantages. The fact that the products derived from formaldehyde resins, are a source of long-term migration of formaldehyde into the environment, which assigned to a carcinogen. Despite numerous studies in this field, a fundamental solution to the problem of formaldehyde from products hitherto not. With regard to the isocyanate binder, although products based on them are less toxic, they are themselves very hazardous substances.

A significant number of proposed technical solutions for the reduction of particle board and MDF toxicity due to the introduction of thermosetting binders of different additives or solid insulation products veneer, varnish, paint and other coatings, unfortunately, does not solve the main task of ecological purity of the product issue.

One promising area is the creation of composite materials based on organic products, which are used as a binder thermoplastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and copolymers thereof). Already have a positive experience of development and application of composite materials based on thermoplastic, wood waste and other cellulosic excipients.

Known compositions are processed four main ways:

  • pressing;
  • extrusion;
  • by rolling;
  • injection.

It should be noted that the above methods can be obtained slabs, formwork, profile-molded products (casing, moldings, paneling, beams, floorboards), furniture elements, panels. Material and articles prepared by these methods have a number of drawbacks:

  • low physical and mechanical properties;
  • high water absorption;
  • combustibility;
  • low weatherability.

Known methods of manufacturing construction products, wood-polymer composite material comprising a mixture of wood particles and thermoplastic binder, heating to a temperature of 130 - 220 o C and subsequent processing into articles [Russian patents - N 1562145, cl. B 27, N / 01, 1991, N 1666306, cl. B 27, N / 02, 1991].

The disadvantages of these methods should include lower values ​​of physical-mechanical characteristics of the resulting material, especially in reducing the polymeric binder content.

Known polymer composition [Russian patent N 2010815, cl. C 08 L 23/06, 1994], used for the manufacture of products, including polyethylene (1000 parts by weight) and chopped fiberfill. The binder may further contain a modifier in PVC (10 -. 950 parts by weight).

The disadvantage of the known composition is the low adhesion of the binder to the fibrous fillers after thermal cycling in the temperature range from - 70 o C to +50 o C. This causes the material to cracking and premature failure of parts. Furthermore, it should be noted that its use environmentally unsafe.

The closest in technical essence and attainable effect is a method of manufacture of materials and products from environmentally friendly Wood-plastic-based particulate filler and a thermoplastic polymeric binder, comprising drying, processing, mixing and molding under heating (see., Eg, Patent RU N 2081135, cl. 08, the C Z 97/02, 1997).

The main disadvantage of the composite material obtained in a known manner, include a relatively low filler content drevesnorastitelnogo insufficiently high strength and performance characteristics, due to insufficient adhesion strong interaction of the components in the composite. Moreover, not all cases said composite has high processability during processing into products.

The purpose of the present invention - to provide an environmentally friendly materials and products with a high level of performance.

The goal is achieved by a method of manufacture of materials and products of the cleaner Wood-based plastics particulate wood filler and thermoplastic polymeric binder comprising drying, processing, mixing and molding under heating, handling and mixing of the components is carried triboaktivatsii method in a flow rate of particles of 10 to 40 m / s, a molding composition at the limit of the melt flow of 0.1 g / 10 min to 1.0 g / 10 min.

The analysis of technology and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, revealed that analogs are characterized by the features identical to all essential features of the claimed invention not found. Opredelenie analogs identified from the list as the closest prior art the essential features reveal possible allowed set analogue material relative technical result from the characterizing features stated in the mixture set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty".

To implement the method of the standard equipment with its small upgrade. The initial components in the form of dried wood filler, primary and secondary thermoplastics mixed in appropriate proportions and activator were fed into a forced action designed to regulate the speed of the particulate from the inner surface in the range of 10 to 40 m / s. The essence of the invention is illustrated by the following examples of its pressing, extrusion, flaking and casting.

example 1
10 parts by weight of LDPE recycled previously dried to a residual moisture content of 0.5% with a particle size of 100 - 300 microns and 90 parts by weight. wood filler having a residual moisture content of about 2.3% and a particle size of 0.1 - 10.0 mm, were mixed and fed to the activator, which is carried out at an average particle triboaktivatsiyu speed 15 - 20 m / s. From the composition obtained with a yield of 0.1 g / 10 min at 180 pressed - 200 o C and a specific pressure of 25 - 30 kgf / cm 2 plates of 16 mm thick, with a total compression cycle is 10 min.

Properties are summarized in Table plates. 1.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC Wood-plastic. Russian Federation Patent RU2133255

example 2
30 parts by weight. a mixture of primary and secondary PE PE in the ratio 1: 1 with a particle size of 0.5 mm and a residual moisture content of 0.5% and 70 parts by weight. wood filler having a residual moisture content of 1.5% and a particle size of 0.1 - 10 mm, and more than 50% of the particles have a size of 0.5 - 0.8 mm, were mixed and fed to the activator, which is carried out at an average particle triboaktivatsiyu at 30 - 40 m / s. The obtained composition with a yield of 0.5 g / 10 min is extruded in an extruder (the temperature of the zones I - 130 o C, II - 150 o C, III - 175 o C and IV - 195 o C). The properties of the compositions are shown in Table. 1.

example 3
40 wt. h. pre-plasticized PVC and dop containing conventional special purpose additives and 60 parts by weight. wood filler having a residual moisture content of 1.5% and a particle size of 0.1 - 5.0 mm, preferably 1.0 - 3.0 mm, were mixed and fed to the activator, which is carried out at an average particle triboaktivatsiyu rate of 10 - 15 m / from. The resulting composition (the yield strength of 0.6 g / 10 min) was passed through the extruder (temperature in zones I - 120 o C, II - 130 o C, III - 140 o C and IV - 150 o C). The properties of the compositions are shown in Table. 1.

example 4
35 wt. h. secondary PE with a particle size of 0.3 - 1.0 mm, a residual moisture content of 0.5% and containing up to 5 parts by weight traditional special additives and 65 parts by weight wood filler having a residual moisture content of 1.5% were mixed and fed to the activator, which is carried out at an average particle triboaktivatsiyu speed 20 - 30 m / s. The obtained composition with a yield of 1 g / 10 min) was extruded in an extruder (the temperature of the zones I - 130 o C, II - 150 o C, III - 170 o C and IV - 195 o C). The composition is air-cooled and pelletized. The granulate obtained is processed into articles by injection molding under the following conditions: injection time - 10 seconds, the pressure of 35 MPa, speed and cooling for 2 seconds and the heating temperature in the zones I - 150 ± 5 o C, II - 170 ± 5 o C, III and IV - 190 ± 5 o C. Properties of products are presented in Table. 1.

A control experiment was performed for comparison. 90 parts of wood filler having a residual moisture content of 2.4% were mixed with 10 parts urea-formaldehyde resin, and then the mixture was pressed at a temperature of 170 o C and a pressure of 30 kgf / cm 2. The characteristics of the product are given in tab. 1.

Experiments have shown that reducing the average velocity of the particles during triboaktivatsii to less than 10 m / sec greatly hampered molding and deteriorates the technical characteristics of the product, with the same connected and what is happening in this case the decrease flow index of the liquid composition to a value less than 0, 1 g / 10 min. In case of increasing the fluidity of the liquid composition is above 1.0 g / 10 min melt slug flow occurs and impairs molding products.

Increase average speed of dispersed particles at triboaktivatsii above 40 m / s irrationally due to a significant deterioration of the operating mode of the activator and the increase in energy costs.

Comparative characteristics of the most common products made of natural wood, chipboard, MDF and environmentally friendly plastics drevesnonapolnennyx (EDNP) are shown in Table. 2.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC Wood-plastic. Russian Federation Patent RU2133255

The use of the present invention will allow the industry to modernize the enterprise for the production of chipboard and MDF to clean better products.

The developed technology allows environmentally friendly Wood-plastic and products based on these high-performance methods of compression, extrusion, calendering and casting. The adopted technical and technological methods allow to obtain a wide range of products for furniture, construction, engineering, aviation and shipbuilding, automobile and car-building industry:

  • plates (decorated with various materials embossed);
  • door panels;
  • furniture fronts;
  • formwork;
  • cladding panels;
  • Profiles (casing, paneling, moldings, beams, prints and other.);
  • pipes;
  • Window sills;
  • type plywood sheets;
  • trays;
  • machine parts;
  • furniture parts;
  • batten;
  • a wide assortment of filled plastics - utensils, hangers, forms, etc.

Especially important is the ability to set the implementation of new technologies with the use of recycled plastic as a binder, as This saves expensive raw materials for plastics, and moreover, significantly improve the environment by recycling use of it.

B as wood filler can be used not only solid wood mostly conifers, as required by the production of particle board, and almost any breed of wood, and all types of waste (rake, trim, veneer, chips, sawdust) sawmills and woodworking industries and fauntnaya wood sanitary felling in forests. Furthermore, an additional resource is the raw cellulosic agricultural residues (fire flax, canola, rice husks, etc., but also samovozobnovlyaemye plants:. Reeds, cane, etc..).

Ability to use technology in environmentally friendly Wood-plastics recycled materials, especially polymer, can significantly reduce production costs and make it competitive in the world market.

CLAIM

The method of manufacture of materials and products of the cleaner Wood-based plastics particulate wood filler and thermoplastic polymeric binder comprising drying, processing, mixing and molding under heating, characterized in that the processing and mixing of the components is performed by triboaktivatsii stream with the particle velocity from 10 to 40 m / s, and forming - with the yield point of the composition of from 0.1 to 1.0 g / 10 min.

print version
Publication date 31.10.2006gg