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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2229454
RAW MIXTURE FOR MANUFACTURE OF CERAMIC BRICKS
The name of the inventor: Barmin M.I.
(RU); Grebenkin AN (RU); Pavlichenko V.V. (RU); Melnikov V.V. (RU); Kempy E.G. (RU); Boyko A.I. (RU); Chernikov N.S. (RU)
The name of the patent holder: St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design (RU)
Address for correspondence: 191186, St. Petersburg, ul. B. Morskaya, 18, Saint-Petersburg State University of Technology and Design, Patent and Licensing Department
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.11.10
The invention relates to the production of building materials and can be used for making ceramic bricks. The technical result is the creation of a raw mix that will produce ceramic bricks of reduced weight and thermal conductivity while maintaining or increasing the compressive strength. A raw material mixture for the production of ceramic bricks, containing wt.%: Cambrian clay of the Tsekalovsky deposit, 75.5 - 80, construction sand with a 2-2.5 - 12 - 15 size module and a burnt fiber additive - cellolignin with a moisture content of 4-6% and With a dispersion of 0.5-1 mm 5 - 9.5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The proposed technical solution relates to the production of building materials and can be used for making ceramic bricks.
A raw mixture for the manufacture of porous building products is known [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2107050. Feedstock mixture for the manufacture of porous building products, Pobeda-Knauf CJSC, Bezrodniy BL, Surovtseva AV, Ivanov LV, Kalvarsky BL, 04/04 V 38/06, 1998], including Clay and fibrous hygroscopic additive of vegetable origin at a ratio, vol%: additive 28.6-50, clay 50-71.4.
In this case, the feed mixture as an additive can contain wood sawdust with a moisture content of 23-38% or peat with a moisture content of 23-55%. The weight of bricks is 3.0 kg, the thermal conductivity is 0.65 W / m o C, the compressive strength is 250-300 kgf / cm 2 .
However, such additives slightly reduce the weight of the brick and the thermal conductivity, but decrease the compressive strength.
Known is the composition of the raw mix for the manufacture of ceramic products: bricks, tiles, expanded clay, including: wt.%: Clay 20-79.9, spent bentonite drilling mud 20.1-80. Physical and mechanical properties: compressive strength 75-300 kgf / cm 2 , thermal conductivity 0.7 W / m o C [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2046772. A ceramic product, a raw mix and a method of manufacturing a ceramic product. Ushakov BI, From 04 In 38/06, 1995] .
The disadvantages of the raw mix are relatively high weight and high thermal conductivity of the resulting ceramic bricks.
Known and "Ceramic brick, stone and the method of making ceramic bricks and stones" [RF application No. 97118519, VN Selivanov, VK Tikhov, Yu.I. Marchenko, AI Ananiev, 04 B V 38 / 06, 1999]. The composition of ceramic bricks is characterized in that burned fines and / or sawdust (2-10 vol.%) Of 0.2-35 mm fraction and polystyrene foam pellets of 10-35 vol.%, Sand as a woofers with a size modulus 0,3-2,2 (3-20 vol.%), The rest - clay. The compressive strength modulus is 240-280 kgf / cm 2 , the thermal conductivity is 0.6 W / m о С, the brick mass is 2.9 kg.
The disadvantages of the raw mix are relatively high weight and high thermal conductivity of the resulting ceramic bricks.
The prototype of the claimed technical solution is a raw material mixture for the production of ceramic bricks [Augustinik AI. Ceramics, Moscow, Promstroyizdat, 1957, p. 20-24, 65, 83, 84], including Cambrian clay, clay, quartz sand with a modulus of 2-2.5 and burnt fiber additive - sawdust 10-15% by weight.
The disadvantage of this raw mix is the relatively high brick weight and high thermal conductivity.
The technical result of the proposed invention is the creation of a raw mix that will produce ceramic bricks of reduced weight and thermal conductivity while simultaneously maintaining or increasing the compressive strength.
The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that the raw material for the production of ceramic bricks, including Cambrian clay, the construction sand with a modulus of 2-2.5 and a burnt fiber additive, contains Cambrian clay of the Tsekalovsky deposit, and as a burnt fiber additive, Cellulignin with a moisture content of 4-6% and a dispersion of 0.5-1 mm with the following content of the components, by weight: said sand 12-15, indicated clay 75.5-80, said cellolignin 5-9.5.
Cambrian clay clod of the Tsekalovsky deposit (TU 5751-002-03987647-98, fusible, gray, moderately plastic (at least 7), humidity not more than 16%) 75.5-80.
Sand (GOST 8736-93, coarse-grained gray powder with a modulus of 2-2.5) 12-15.
Cellolignin (TU-6-02-569-95, brown powder, grain 0,5-1 mm, humidity 4-6%) 5-9,5.
Symptom I. The presence in the mixture of cellolignin with a dispersion of 0.5-1 mm and a moisture content of 4-6% is unknown.
Symptom II. The presence of a certain dispersion in the mixture of clay, sand and cellolignin and the ratio of the components are unknown.
Together, these characteristics lead to a new quality: a reduction in the mass of the brick, a decrease in thermal conductivity with an increase in the compressive strength of ceramic bricks.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS
Operation 1. Acceptance of raw materials
Cambrian clay is delivered from the quarry by road and unloaded into the storage compartment.
Sand is delivered by road and is stored on the site.
Operation 2. Primary processing of raw materials (preparation of clay and exhausting sand)
Clay is subjected to two stages of coarse grinding. The first stage of processing and grinding of clay in a clay washer to the size of pieces 30-50 mm. The second stage is the treatment of clay in the stone-breaking rolls to the size of pieces of 10-15 mm.
Sand from the warehouse is fed into bins equipped with clay-rippers, then in the screen is cleaned of foreign impurities and sifted through the vibrating screen.
The burning fiber additive (cellolignin), depending on the condition, can be screened (0.5-1 mm fraction is chosen) and dried.
Operation 3. Preparation of mass
The prepared materials (clay, sand, cellolignin) from bins are dosed in the following ratio (per 1 ton): clay 755-800 kg, sand 120-150 kg, cellolignin 50-95 kg and the belt conveyor system is fed to a two-shaft mixer for mixing and moistening . For secondary grinding, the mass is fed into wet-runners, where its cohesiveness and uniformity is increased and it is additionally moistened. Clay mass, processed on runners by a belt conveyor system, is fed to the fine grinding rolls (3-4 mm clearance between the rollers), and then to the dressing for at least 72 hours. After curing, the mass passes the rollers of fine grinding (the gap between the rolls is 3-4 mm), then a two-shaft mixer with a wiping head and a belt conveyor system is fed to the press.
Operation 4. Molding of clay timber
Molding of the clay beam is performed on the screw aggregate presses SMK-217, consisting of directly screw presses and two-shaft mixers. In the mixer, the mass is mixed, vacuumed in the vacuum chamber of the press, compacted and exits from the mouthpiece in the form of a bar.
Operation 5. Cutting of clay timber
Outgoing from the mouthpiece, the bar is cut with a guillotine (one-shot) cutting machine, a bar with a length of 15 stones (30 bricks) is cut off, which is then cut with a multi-string automatic machine into individual stones (bricks).
Operation 6. Drying stones
Stacking of stones on drying trolleys is made by the loader with the help of a lifting table. Drying is done in one-row six-zone dryers, which are a conveyor belt. Hot water from the cooling zone of the furnaces is used as the heat carrier. The drying time is 9 hours.
Operation 7. Firing products
Dried products are transported by the unloader through the component table to the furnace trolleys. The firing is carried out in a wide-channel tunnel furnace for 48 hours. The fuel used is natural gas.
Operation 8. Acceptance of finished products
A trolley with finished products is sent for sorting. Sorting is performed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 530 "Bricks and stones, ceramic." To test compliance with the requirements of the standard, tests are carried out: checking the dimensions and correctness of the shape, appearance, mass, water absorption, brand, bending strength, availability of calcareous inclusions, frost resistance.
Examples of specific implementation are summarized in the table.
The table shows that the higher the content of the additive, the lower the density, but above 9.5% strength decreases, as well as below 5% (mixing limit).
The effectiveness of the raw mix is to produce lighter bricks, less heat conductive (0.5-0.54 W / m ° C) and more durable, which is necessary in the climate of Russia.
CLAIM
A raw material for the production of ceramic bricks, including Cambrian clay, a construction sand with a 2 - 2.5 size module and a burnt fiber additive, characterized in that it contains Cambrian clay from the Tsekalovsky deposit, and as a burnt fiber additive, cellulignin with a moisture content of 4 - 6% and a dispersion of 0.5-1 mm with the following content of the components, mass%:
Sand 12 - 15
Clay 75.5 - 80
Cellolignin 5 - 9.5
print version
Date of publication 12/20/2006
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