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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2281997
BOROINJECTION PILE AND SUPPORTING WALL ON THE PILE FOUNDATION
The name of the inventor: Vasyukevich Leonid Yulievich (RU); Stotenko Alexey Alexandrovich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company "Gidrostroy" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 690035, Vladivostok, PO Box 35-94, LLC "First Private Primorsky Patent Agency", Pat. AGGermolinsky, reg. No. 626
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.11.29
The invention relates to the field of construction, namely the erection of foundations with the use of drilling pile piles, and can also refer to retaining walls constructed with the use of drill piles. The borehole pile contains a concrete barrel made directly in the borehole containing a reinforcing cage in the form of a metal injection pipe that is submerged in the well with a gap to the design failure and is provided on the lower part with a perforated section with lateral injection holes located from the lower end of the injector tube , With the diameter of the well being no more than 3d, where d is the outside diameter of the injector tube. The length of the perforated section is more than 3d, does not exceed L and is (0.2-0.7) L, where L is the depth of the well. The retaining wall on the pile foundation, as piles of which the drill-pile piles are used, contains a reinforcing cage in the form of a metal pipe, the upper part of which is used as a head, The retaining wall is made of concrete blocks, fixedly mounted by tiers one on the other, And at least the upper unit mounted on the lower unit has a through hole that is vertically adjacent to the mounting hole in the lower block. The common cavity formed by these holes is reinforced and concreted. The technical result consists in simplifying the construction of drilling pile piles, reducing the cost of building foundations on piles, in particular the construction of retaining walls on pile foundations.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of construction, namely the erection of foundations with the use of drill piles. The invention also relates to retaining walls constructed using piles.
From the prior art, various designs of drilling pile piles and methods for their erection are known. Typically, such piles are constructed as follows: form a well in the ground, install a reinforcement cage, an injection pipe, and pile the pile shaft [as. SU 1052625, publ. 11/07/1983]. In this connection, methods are known in which the injection tube, usually perforated, after injection of the cement-sand mortar is removed from the well [US Pat. No. 4,009,582, publ. 03/01/1977] or left in the hole as a reinforcement frame ["Recommendations for the use of drilling pile injection piles", Moscow: NIООSP, 1984, p.8-15, рис.3.3]. Known structures and methods require additional processing for various loading conditions and soils.
As a prototype of the first proposed technical solution, a drill-injection pile with a compacted bottom was selected, manufactured by a method, in particular including drilling a well, mounting a reinforcing cage in the form of an injection pipe, injecting a cement-sand mortar to a spout of a clean solution from the wellhead, Patent RU 2188904, publ. 10.09.2002]. The injector tube with injection holes and a broadened pointed tip is immersed in the well bottom to the design failure, while the diameter of the injector tube is performed two to three times less than the diameter of the well, the sharpened tip is made with a diameter of 0.8-0.9d and a height of 4 -5d, where d is the diameter of the borehole, where the injection holes are made with a diameter of 0.08-0.12 d and are staggered at a distance of 0.5-1d from the lower end of the injector tube.
Various constructions and methods for erecting retaining walls on a pile foundation are known from the prior art.
A retaining wall is known, which includes a foundation of bored piles, united by a grill [a.c. SU 1811548, publ. 23.04.1993]. According to another similar technical solution, foundation piles are made in situ by drilling wells, lowering the reinforcing cages in them and then concreting [patent RU 2211287, publ. 27.08.2003]. The erection of such retaining walls is quite laborious, because In the first case, the excavation of a significant volume of soil is required, and in the second case, because of the complexity of the retaining wall itself.
A retaining wall containing a prismatic wall panel mounted on the pile heads embedded in stable soils below the level of weak soils is known [JP 2003-119805, publ. 23.04.2003]. This design can be successfully used only for walls of low altitude and requires the excavation of a significant amount of soil.
A method for erecting a retaining wall is known, according to which: a number of wells are drilled at a certain interval, fill the wells with a mortar, insert steel piles into the wells, install a horizontal beam on the pile heads, take out the first tier of the soil and mount the first tier of retaining plates between adjacent piles, then Mount an intermediate horizontal beam, carry out excavation of the second layer of soil and mount a second layer of retaining plates between adjacent piles, etc. By the number of tiers [patent CN 1204714, publ. 13.01.1999]. The known method is highly specialized and requires the excavation of a significant volume of soil.
There are known retaining walls comprising an L-shaped panel, i. E. Face and base plates, rigidly connected to each other to form an angle profile. Such a panel can be installed on a series of vertical piles placed under the foundation plate [as. SU 1330269, publ. 08/15/1987], on a series of inclined piles passing through the base plate [JP 60-112931, publ. 19.06.1985], or on rows of both vertical and inclined piles [JP 60-112932, publ. 19.06.1985]. There are known methods for erecting retaining walls with L-shaped panels, common for which is that the base plates are mounted on the piles, with the pile heads passing into the holes in the foundation slabs and connecting them with a mortar, in particular using vertical and horizontal reinforcement rods [Application JP 02-080718, publ. 03/20/1990; Application JP 07-197478, publ. 08/01/1995]. The disadvantage of the walls with the L-shaped panel is the need to extract a relatively large volume of soil under the horizontal foundation plate of the panel.
The retaining wall, erected in a manner similar to that described above, was chosen as a prototype of the second proposed technical solution [JP 09-209377, publ. 12.08.1997]. The L-shaped panel used has a hole for the pile in the foundation slab. After mounting the pile, the L-shaped panel is installed so that the pile head is inserted into the hole. Then concrete is poured into this hole to combine the pile with the panel. In addition to the drawback noted above, this structure is not resistant to overturning, and the strength of the connection between the head of the pile and the panel is relatively low.
The technical problem to be solved is the simplification of the construction of drilling pile piles, the reduction in the cost of constructing foundations on drill-in piles, in particular the construction of retaining walls on pile foundations.
There is proposed a drilling pile injection pile containing a concrete barrel made directly in the borehole containing a reinforcing cage in the form of a metal injection pipe that is submerged in the well with a gap up to the design failure and is equipped on the lower part with a perforated section with side injection holes located longlines from the lower end of the pipe -injector, the diameter of the well being no more than 3d, where d is the outside diameter of the injector tube. New is that the length of the perforated section is more than 3d and does not exceed L, where L is the depth of the well, and the length of the perforated section is (0.2-0.7) L. Thus. The use of one pipe with a constant cross-section as a reinforcing frame simplifies the construction of the pile - for example, compared with the prototype [patent RU 2188904, publ. 10.09.2002], in which the pipe has a broadened pointed tip and is equipped with a cuff, or with another known technical solution [patent RU2103443, publ. 27.01.1998], in which the pipe of the pile contains a flange immersed in the well.
It is better when: the diameter of the well is (1.05-2.00) d; The depth of the well is (20-30) d; The ratio of the internal diameter of the injector tube to its outer diameter is 0.80-0.95; The diameter of the injection holes is (0.25-0.40) d. These geometric relationships make it possible to efficiently inject a cement-sand mortar at a pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa in the manufacture of a pile, the lower part of which is in a stable medium medium strength (with a tensile strength of uniaxial compression of more than 25 MPa).
In one tier, two or more openings can be made with an equal pitch along the circumference of the section.
In each tier, two holes can be made, and the axes of the holes of neighboring tiers in this case are better to perform mutually perpendicular.
The distance between tiers may be (0.5-3.0) d, and may be equal, i.e. Tiers can be executed with an equal step.
The upper part of the injector pipe, located above the well, can be embedded in a concrete reinforced grillage.
A metal plate can be installed on the upper edge of the grillage, and the grillage can be equipped with anchor bolts that are attached to the bottom of the injector tube by the lower part and passed through the holes in the metal plate.
The effective use of the relatively simple design of the proposed pile has been successfully tested for the case of piling into stable soils below the level of weak soils.
And a retaining wall is proposed on the pile foundation, as the piles of which the claimed pier-injection piles are used, which contain a reinforcing cage in the form of a metal pipe, the upper part of which is used as a head. The retaining wall is made of concrete blocks fixedly stacked one on top of another, the bottom block is used as the base, and at least the upper block mounted on the lower block has a through hole that is vertically adjacent to the installation hole in the lower block. The common cavity formed by these holes is reinforced and concreted.
A common cavity can be reinforced with a reinforcing bar or wire frame.
The common cavity can be reinforced by the upper part of the metal tube passing through the installation hole and entering the through hole of the upper block.
A common cavity can be formed by an installation hole and through holes of two or more consecutive blocks mounted on the lower unit.
On the upper block with a through hole, a solid concrete block or blocks can be mounted.
The piles can be arranged in two rows, with the second row of the pile head and inserted with clearance into the through installation hole in the lower block and concreted in it.
The thickness of the lower block or blocks is better to perform greater than the thickness of the upper block or blocks.
The retaining wall can be made of two or more contiguous vertical rows, each of which is made of concrete blocks fixedly stacked one above the other. In this case, the height of vertical rows may decrease from row to row.
As the drilling pile injection pile, the above described pile may be used.
The invention is explained in the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a drill-in pile with a grillage. Figures 2 and 3 show two different examples of support walls on a pile foundation.
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The invention is illustrated by examples.
Example 1. Piles of the base of the cellular communication support
The foundation of the support is planted in the area with the following geological conditions: top layer up to 1 m - chipped soil with loam aggregate up to 20%, density 2.10 g / cm 3 , design resistance R c = 0.45 MPa; Below the upper layer - tuff porphyry strongly-fractured medium strength, density 2.33 g / cm 3 , compressive strength R c = 44/35 MPa. The foundation contains four drilling-injection piles located at the corners of the square with a side of 3 m. Each pile (see Fig. 1) is made in a pre-drilled hole 1 with a depth of 3 m and a diameter of 125 mm, into which a pipe 2 of length 3 , 3 m with anchor bolts welded to its upper part 3. Pipe 2 has an outer diameter of 114 mm and a wall thickness of 4.5 mm, and its lower part at a length of 1 m is perforated by holes 4 with a diameter of 35 mm, staggered in tiers in stages 200 mm. In well 1, a cement-sand mortar 5 is injected through a pipe 2 at a pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa to a spout of a clean solution from the wellhead 1, and the well 1 is compressed. The pile head in the form of the upper end of the pipe 2 is embedded in a concrete grill 6 reinforced Reinforcement 7. Anchor bolts 3 are passed through holes in the metal plate 8.
Example 2. A retaining wall 7-12 m high (see FIG. 2)
The retaining wall rests on two rows of drilling pile piles with pipes 2, analogous to the pile according to example 1 (without grillage and its details). Piles are installed in staggered order with a step in a row of 1300 mm. The wall is made of standard blocks UDB 9, installed in three vertical rows. The common cavities 10 formed by the openings in the blocks 9 are reinforced with a wire frame 11 of reinforcing wire and are concreted. The holes of the lower end blocks 12 and the pile ends are concreted in the form of the upper part of the pipes 2. The space between the wall and the slope is filled with a backfill of a large block material with a size of fractions of at least 20 mm.
Example 3. A retaining wall with a height (3-4 m) (see FIG. 3)
The retaining wall rests on piles with pipes 2 and is constructed from blocks UDB 9 similarly as in example 1, except that the depth of piling is 2 m, the wall is made of single row, the blocks 9 of the lower row are laid across the wall, the head of one of the piles in The form of the upper part of the tube 2 is passed through adjacent holes in the two lower blocks 9, and in the upper layers of the wall are laid solid concrete blocks 13, for example blocks of FBS.
The foregoing examples are used only to illustrate the possibility of carrying out the invention, and in no way limit the scope of the legal protection provided in the claims, while those skilled in the art are relatively capable of other ways of carrying out the invention.
CLAIM
1. A drill-in pile containing a concrete barrel made directly in the well, comprising a reinforcing cage in the form of a metal injection pipe that is immersed in the well with a gap up to the design failure and is provided on the lower part with a perforated portion with lateral injections located longlines from the lower end The diameter of the well is no more than 3d, where d is the outside diameter of the injector tube, characterized in that the length of the perforated portion is more than 3d, does not exceed L and is (0.2-0.7) L, where L is the depth of the well.
2. Pile according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the borehole is (1.05-2.00) d.
3. Pile according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the well L is (20-30) d.
4. Pile according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the inner diameter of the injector tube to its outer diameter is 0.80-0.95.
5. Pile according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the injection holes is (0.25-0.40) d.
6. Pile according to claim 1, characterized in that in one tier two or more openings are made with an equal pitch along the circumference of the section.
7. The pile according to claim 6, characterized in that in each tier two holes are made, the axis of the holes of adjacent tiers mutually perpendicular.
8. Pile according to claim 6, characterized in that the distance between the tiers is (0.5-3.0) d.
9. The pile according to claim 8, characterized in that the layers are made with an equal pitch.
10. Pile according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper part of the injector pipe located above the well is embedded in a concrete reinforced grillage.
11. Pile according to claim 10, characterized in that a metal plate is mounted on the upper edge of the grillage.
12. The pile according to claim 11, characterized in that the grillage comprises anchor bolts affixed to the lower part of the injector tube and passed through openings in the metal plate.
13. A retaining wall on a pile foundation, which piles of which are pierced by piercing piles made according to claim 1, comprising a reinforcing cage in the form of a metal pipe, the upper part of which is used as a head, and the retaining wall is made of concrete blocks fixedly mounted in tiers One on the other, the bottom block is used as the base, and at least the upper block mounted on the lower block has a through hole that is vertically adjacent to the mounting hole in the lower block, in addition, the common cavity formed by the aforementioned holes is reinforced and Concreted.
14. The wall of claim 13, wherein the common cavity is reinforced with a reinforcing bar or a reinforcing wire framework.
15. The wall of claim 13, wherein the common cavity is reinforced by an upper portion of the metal tube passing through the installation hole and entering the through hole of the upper block.
16. A wall according to claim 13, characterized in that the common cavity is formed by an installation hole and through holes of two or more successively blocks mounted on the lower block.
17. A wall according to claim 13, characterized in that a solid concrete block or blocks are mounted on the upper block with a through hole.
18. A wall according to claim 13, characterized in that the piles are arranged in two rows, the pylon head of the second row being inserted with a clearance into the through installation hole in the lower block and concreted therein.
19. The wall of claim 13, wherein the thickness of the lower block or blocks is larger than the thickness of the upper block or blocks.
20. A wall according to claim 13, characterized in that the retaining wall is made of two or more adjacent vertical rows, each of which is made of concrete blocks fixedly stacked one on the other.
21. The wall of claim 20, wherein the height of the vertical rows decreases from row to row.
print version
Date of publication 01/21/2007
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