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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2170852
SOLAR ENERGY INSTALLATION
The name of the inventor: Korovkin Sergey Viktorovich
The name of the patent holder: Korovkin Sergey Viktorovich
Address for correspondence: 123368, Moscow, PO Box 84, Shchitov AA
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.03.20
The invention is intended to generate an electric current using the energy of solar radiation as a source of thermal radiation. The solar power plant contains a receiver of radiant energy with a working medium, an electric generator, a condenser of a spent working fluid and a combined-cycle turbine. On one axis with the turbine are located a gas compressor and an electric generator. The receiver of radiant energy is made in the form of a basin filled with a working body and hermetically sealed with a transparent coating. In the basin is a solid body that absorbs radiant energy. The volume above the pool of the pipeline is connected to a combined-cycle turbine. The volume of the basin with the working fluid is connected by a pipeline to the condenser, and the volume above the working fluid and the volume of the gas condenser through the pipelines with valves are connected to the atmosphere. The installation allows to receive electricity in the absence of solar radiation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of energy, in particular to the field of solar energy, and can be used to generate an electric current using solar energy as a source of thermal radiation.
Solar energy refers to renewable energy sources. Solar power plants can be used in various points of the Earth, over which there is a considerable time cloud cover. These facilities capture the radiant energy of the Sun and transfer it to other types of energy convenient for use (for example, thermal or electric). There are low-temperature solar hot-box installations without using a solar energy concentrator (solar dryers, water heaters, desalters) and high-temperature solar installations containing solar energy concentrators (solar ovens, solar power plants).
An energy solar installation is known (RU, patent 2013656, F 03 G 6/00, 1994) containing a transparent-coated air duct and a solar absorbing substrate located in the focus of solar-concentrating elements. In addition, the apparatus comprises a heating element in contact with the lower surface of the substrate. The solar energy-concentrating element additionally fulfills the function of the transparent coating of the duct. The air duct is located on the slope of the hill, and in the upper part of the duct is a turbine generating electricity, and the lower part of the duct is combined with the surrounding atmosphere.
The installation works as follows. The radiant energy of the Sun, passed through a transparent coating - the concentrator, heats the substrate. The air above the substrate is heated, on the one hand, by the action of the sun's radiant energy and, on the other hand, absorbed by the radiant energy by the substrate. Heated air moves up the duct and rotates the turbine generating electrical energy. The energy of the air moving through the air duct, transmitted to the turbine, is directly proportional to the amount of radiant energy of the Sun, directly or indirectly absorbed by the air.
The disadvantage of this installation is the low efficiency, and the ability to work only on sunny days.
There is also a solar steam-turbine plant (SU, copyright certificate 855249, F 03 G 6/00, 1981). The said plant comprises a radiant energy concentrator and a receiver, a steam generator, a steam turbine, a regenerative heater with connecting pipes for supply and exhaust of heating and heating media, a jet condenser whose active nozzle is connected to the outlet of the heating medium of the regenerative heater, and a passive nozzle - with a radiator, and the unit is additionally equipped with an additional regenerative heater, connected along the heating medium line at the inlet to the outlet of the jet condenser, and at the outlet to the branch pipe for removing the heating medium of the regenerative heater, and at the outlet to the input of the radiator.
The installation works as follows. The working body is heated to the highest temperature of the cycle in the receiver-steam generator by the heat of the sun's radiant energy and enters the first stage of the turbine, where it widens adiabatically. Then, in the main regenerative preheater, the heat from the working medium is isobarically drawn to the medium flow going to the receiver-steam generator. After said main regenerative heater, the flow of the working fluid is separated. Part of it comes first to the second stage of the turbine, where it is adiabatically expanded, and then to an additional regenerative heater, where it isobaric heat is diverted to it from the diffuser of the jet condenser, and further to the radiator, where the working medium is isobaric-isothermally condensed and isobaric supercooled To a temperature close to the ambient temperature. From the radiator, the working medium enters the passive nozzle of the condenser, where it is adiabatically expanded and heated in its displacement chamber by heat, taken away from the other part of the flow of the working fluid. Another part of the flow of the working fluid from the main regenerative heater enters the active nozzle of the condenser, where it is adiabatically expanded, and then cooled in the mixing chamber. In the diffuser of the jet condenser, the pressure of both flows of the working fluid is adiabatically increased to the maximum in the cycle, after which the working medium is isobaric heated in both preheaters and enters the receiver-steam generator, where its temperature again rises to the maximum temperature of the cycle.
The disadvantage of this installation should be recognized the possibility of use only on sunny days.
A solar power plant is also known (RU, patent 1606733, F 03 G 6/00, 1990). This installation comprises a heliostatic field with solar radiation receivers installed on the towers for heating and evaporation of the working medium and at least one turbine - an electric generator. The unit is additionally equipped with a fuel block (thermal power plant with organic fuel). The heliostatic field is made in the form of heliostat sections in the form of circles that touch each other with the formation of a centrally free zone. Bashs are located one on each section near the central zone and are equipped with an additional radiation receiver for preheating the working medium. The turbine is installed in the central zone and is connected simultaneously with all the towers and the thermal unit.
The installation works as follows. During solar time, the turbine generates electricity by heating the working fluid with the sun's radiant energy, and in the absence of radiant energy, due to the operation of the thermal unit.
The disadvantages of the known installation include the complexity of its design, high cost of electricity, and a relatively low efficiency.
The technical problem solved by the present invention is to develop a solar power plant construction that allows to receive electricity in the absence of solar radiant energy without using additional energy sources.
The technical result obtained as a result of the implementation of the invention consists in ensuring the generation of electricity and in the absence of solar radiation without the use of additional energy sources.
To obtain this technical result, it is proposed to use a solar power plant containing a radiant energy receiver made in the form of a basin filled with a working fluid and hermetically sealed with a transparent coating, with a solid body absorbing radiant energy in the basin. In addition, the plant contains a condenser of a spent working fluid and a combined-cycle turbine, on one axis with which a gas compressor and an electric generator are located. The volume above the pool of the pipeline is connected to a combined cycle gas turbine, the volume of the basin with the working fluid is connected by a pipeline to the condenser and the volume above the working medium is connected to the atmosphere via a pipeline with valves, and the volume of the gas compressor is connected through the valve to the atmosphere. A solid body that absorbs radiant energy can be located in the volume of the working fluid or on the surface of the working fluid. In the latter case, it is preferable to use a perforated solid absorbing radiant energy. It is preferable to use water or any other liquid as the working fluid. As a transparent coating, an optically transparent polymeric film, preferably a multilayer film, or a film capable of emitting IR radiation under the action of the sun's radiant energy, or a glass coating, can be used.
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The invention is illustrated by a drawing in which the following designations are adopted: the basin 1, the transparent coating 2, the working body 3, the solar energy absorbing solar energy 4, the gaseous phase 5 of the working fluid, the steam and gas turbine 6, the gas compressor 7, the power generator 8, the condenser 9, 10. The installation works as follows. The radiant energy of the Sun penetrates through the transparent coating 2 and heats the working medium 3 in the basin 1. Simultaneously, the radiant energy of the Sun heats the absorbing radiant energy of the solid 4, which in turn heats the working fluid 3. The gaseous phase 5 of the working fluid 3 fills the space under the transparent coating 2 , From where it enters the steam-gas turbine 6 via the pipeline 13. The rotation of the steam-gas turbine 6 drives the electric generator 8 and the gas compressor 7. The electric energy generated by the electric generator 8 is supplied to the consumer. Condensed gas compressor 7 gas phase of the working fluid returns to the pool 1. |
If there is no radiant energy of the Sun at night or in cloudy weather, the gas phase under the transparent coating begins to condense. In the case of using a film coating, the installation breaks down due to ruptures in the film. If the glass coating is used, the pressure under the coating is reduced and the installation ceases to work. To prevent the foregoing, the required amount of air is supplied through the valves 10 under the transparent coating 2. At this time, the plant operates at the expense of the thermal energy of the working fluid 3, which, when the partial pressure of the gaseous working fluid 5 decreases, below the saturation pressure, the gaseous working body 5 will be generated. In order to maintain the necessary vacuum in the condenser 9, the gas compressor 7 removes from the condenser 9 an uncondensed gaseous Wednesday 5.
The above process with a pool volume of 5 × 10 3 m 3 and a gaseous working fluid temperature of 80-100 ° C allows, in the absence of direct solar radiation for up to 3 days, to generate electricity of the order of 100 kW.
CLAIM
1. A solar power plant comprising a radiant energy receiver with a working medium and an electric generator, characterized in that it further comprises a condenser of the spent working fluid and a steam-gas turbine on one axis with which a gas compressor and an electric generator are arranged, the radiant energy receiver being in the form of a basin Filled with a working fluid and hermetically sealed with a transparent coating, while in the pool there is a solid body absorbing radiant energy, the volume above the pool is connected to a steam and gas turbine, the volume of the pool with the working body is connected by a pipeline to the condenser and the volume above the working medium is connected through a pipeline with valves connected With the atmosphere, and the volume of the gas compressor is connected through the valve to the atmosphere.
2. A plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid body absorbing radiant energy is located in the volume of the working fluid.
3. A plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid body absorbing radiant energy is located on the surface of the working fluid.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the solid body absorbing radiant energy is perforated.
5. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that water is used as the working fluid.
6. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid with a low evaporation energy is used as the working fluid.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transparent coating is an optically transparent polymer film.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a multilayer film is used.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass coating is used as a transparent coating.
print version
Date of publication 26.03.2007гг
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