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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2286517
SOLAR photovoltaic installation
Name of the inventor: Alferov Zhores Ivanovich (RU); Andreev Vyacheslav (RU); Zazimko Vadim (RU); Larionov Valeriy Romanovich (RU); Valery Rumyantsev (RU); Chalov Alexey (RU)
The name of the patentee: Cucumbers Vladimir
Address for correspondence: 193036, St. Petersburg, and / I 24, "NEVINPAT" pat.pov. V.I.Andreevu
Starting date of the patent: 2005.02.21
The invention relates to solar energy and can be used in solar power plants for converting solar energy into electricity, and can also be used as a power plant for individual use. Solar photovoltaic installation includes a solar panel with Fresnel lenses and receiving radiation photovoltaic cells placed on a mechanical system. What is new is that the supporting mechanical system formed by two frames - a basic frame and the hanging frame. The base frame rotatably mounted about a vertical axis, and the frame is suspended rotatably about a horizontal axis from the drive. The solar cell module includes solar concentrators arranged on a suspended frame steps. The invention must provide a simplification of the design of the mechanical system and the technology of its installation and tracking of the position of the Sun - only if there is direct sunlight.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to solar energy and can be used in solar power plants for converting solar energy into electricity, and can also be used as a power plant for individual use.
Known solar photovoltaic installation on the patent of the Russian Federation No 2222755 of 17.05.2002 year. Solar photovoltaic installation includes the supporting structure with attached to it a parabolic concentrator, made of flat mirror facets connected to the outlet unit for tracking the Sun, but also extended the photoelectric converter is located at the focal line of a parabolic concentrator. A support structure for the parabolic concentrator coaxially mounted to it an elliptical reflector, one focus of which is aligned with the focal point of a parabolic concentrator, the second focus of which is installed the photoelectric sensor, whose output is connected to an input unit for tracking the sun. The back side of each of the mirror facets on its longitudinal axis perpendicular to its surface is set facing the flat elliptical reflector reflecting element.
This unit has a relatively simple structure. However, it has a single-axis sun tracking system. It uses a large area photovoltaic cells, which increases the cost of installation due to the large consumption of expensive semiconductor materials converter. Using a combined guidance system on the sun. Rough guidance from an external processor using an astronomical time and latitude. Any change in the place of installation position requires reprogramming of the processor.
More perfect is the solar photovoltaic installation IHCPV, which is the closest analogue of the claimed invention (see "Valuation of integrated vysokokontsentratornoy photovoltaics for large-scale applications related to centralized electricity networks" Proceedings of the 25th Conference of specialists in photovoltaic American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Washington..; 13-17 May 1996 s.1373-1376).
This solar photovoltaic plant comprises a solar battery with Fresnel lenses and receiving radiation photovoltaic cells placed on a mechanical support system, and equipped with a battery system orientation to the sun. The solar cell is made up of 168 of the Fresnel lens and the corresponding photovoltaic cells. Fresnel lenses and photovoltaic cells are placed in a perforated metal frame rectangular area of 159 m 2, has the ability to dual-axis mechanical movement, which is mounted on the upright pole carrier rigidly fixed in the ground. The supporting frame is fitted with solar system orientation to the sun. The dual-axis tracking system, used motor for azimuthal rotation and gear screw jack for vertical rotation. The motor can turn the system to ± 180 ° with respect to the south and 90 ° vertically. Control of the tracking is carried out with an automatic control system with an open loop. The microprocessor calculates the direction of the sun, using the astronomical time and latitude, and accordingly orients the tracking system. The tracking system keeps the correct position using Hall sensors attached to the motor axis azimuth and vertical drives. Considering the number of revolutions of the motor relative to a known zero position data and drive parameters, the control system can target tracking system on the Sun with an accuracy of 0,05 °.
This solar photovoltaic plant is superior to the performance indicators discussed above installation with single-axis tracking system for the sun. However, solar photovoltaic IHCPV installation is complicated in structure and large size solar cell modules arranged in one plane, so that undergoes a relatively large wind load. installation mount technology requires a large effort because of the need to ensure a rigid and strictly vertical fixation in the soil bearing pillar supporting mechanical solar system. Moreover, its open-loop tracking system on the microprocessor performs a continuous movement of the solar cell regardless of whether the sun is in the line of sight or out of the clouds.
The present invention is to develop a solar photovoltaic installation, which supports mechanical solar system, and she herself, but also the guidance system would be designed in such a way as to provide a simplified design of the mechanical system and the technology of its installation and tracking of the position of the Sun was provided only in the presence of direct solar radiation.
The problem is solved by the fact that in the solar photovoltaic installation comprising a solar cell with Fresnel lenses and receiving radiation photovoltaic cells placed on a mechanical system supporting the perpendicular position of the solar cell to the direction of the sun and equipped with a system of solar orientation to the sun, new is that supports the mechanical system formed by two frames - the base and suspended, of which the base frame is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis, based on the underlying surface by means of wheels, one of which is provided with electric and suspended from the frame rotatably around a horizontal axis by drive while itself solar cell is modularized solar concentrators located at the hanging frame in the form of steps, and the orientation of the battery system comprises primary and secondary sensor position of the sun, the main of which consists of a shading screen with an aperture and eight photocells cascade type, four of which said further placed to the right, left, top and bottom on the outer sides of the screen and form channels azimuth and zenith rough guidance that produce electrical signals when changing the position of the Sun, and the other four photocell located in the same manner on the inner sides of the screen and form a precision-guided channel sensor includes three photocells cascade type connected to the azimuthal channel, two of which are directed to the left and to the right with respect to the main sensor, and the third - in the opposite direction, and the polarity of the connection is changed during the passage direction south-north, with the closing signal electric drive wheel base frame is supplied by solar cells azimuth channel and signal to the switch actuator suspended frame is supplied by solar cells zenith channel.
Thanks to this implementation of maintenance of mechanical systems, to accommodate any installation suitable flat surface with a hardness sufficient for movement on her wheel base frame, simplifies the installation of installation technology and its operation. Execution of the solar cell modules arranged stepwise suspended on the frame, and reduces the wind possible snow load, and increases the rigidity and the supporting frame. Due to the presence of the primary and secondary sensor position of the Sun in the guidance system, there is no need to monitor the current situation of the installation, and there is no need to bind to the astronomical time and latitude that necessarily in the closest analog of the invention. Used as sensors multijunction solar cells, which have the highest sensitivity to direct sunlight, to prevent false triggering of the radiation sources and improve the accuracy of tracking the position of the visible solar disk. The increased output voltage of these elements enables simple tracking motor control circuit.
Below the essence of the present invention is explained in more detail by specific examples of its embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which:
1 schematically shows the inventive solar photovoltaic installation, side view
2 schematically shows the inventive solar photovoltaic installation, top view
3 schematically shows the basic structure of the sensor position of the Sun, side view
4 schematically shows the basic structure of the sensor position of the Sun, front view
5 is a schematic representation of an additional sensor design position of the Sun, side view
6 is a schematic representation of an additional sensor design position of the Sun, rear view
The inventive solar photovoltaic installation includes a solar panel with Fresnel lenses and receiving radiation photovoltaic cells placed on a mechanical support system that supports a perpendicular position to the direction of the solar battery in the sun and equipped with a system of solar orientation to the sun. Supportive mechanical system formed by two frames - a basic frame 1 (Figure 1) and suspended from the frame 2. The base frame 1 (Figure 2) has in the plan view of an isosceles triangle, whose vertices are set on wheels 3, 4 and 5, the base frame 1 which based on the underlying surface. The base frame 1 rotatably mounted about a fixed vertical axis 6 azimuthal rotation fixed in the underlying surface. 3 Wheel (1) holds the master. 1 is mounted on the frame 7. Suspended drive frame 2 (Figure 2) has in plan a rectangular grid structure and is mounted on a horizontal axis of rotation 8 zenith fixed to the bracket 9 (Figure 1) of the base frame 1. Suspended from the frame 2 is made of galvanized steel a bent perforated profiles. The actuator 7 comprises two DC motor reducers, a buffer battery and power control circuit. One of the motors associated with the drive wheel 3, the base frame and the other for moving eenitalnogo suspended frame.
Solar battery consists of 10 modules containing the Fresnel lenses, solar concentrators and photovoltaic cells, which are the subject of a separate application before the invention. Solar battery modules 10 are arranged on the frame 2 suspended in a series of steps. Such an arrangement reduces the solar cell and a wind possible snow load, and increases the rigidity and suspended from the frame 2. The frame 2 is provided with Suspended two toothed sectors 11 associated with the actuator 7 (Figure 2).
Electric drives the base frame 1 and the suspended frame 2 provided with power from a single solar cell 12 placed on a suspended frame 2 and 7 by feeding electric battery recharging.
solar orientation to the Sun System includes a main sensor 13 position of the Sun, located on the second stage of the solar cell (1). The main position sensor 13 composed of a shading screen 14 (Figure 3) with an opening 15 and eight cascade-type photovoltaic cells, four of which photocell 16 has top, bottom, left and right outer sides on the screen and form channels coarse azimuth and zenith pointing producing signals when changing the position of the sun. Four other photocell 17 placed above, below, left and right on the inner sides of the screen and form a precision-guided channels. Additional solar position sensor 18 is composed of three cascade-type photovoltaic cells (6) connected to the azimuthal channel. This sensor is installed in the upper part of hanging the frame 2. It contains two photovoltaic element cascade-type 19, the right and left directions with respect to the main sensor 13 (Figure 2). The third photoelectric cell 20 is directed in the opposite direction from the main sensor 13 and the direction of the polarity of the connection is changed by passing a special switch direction South-North.
The unit is mounted on any flat underlying surface with a hardness sufficient to move along it wheels 3,4 and 5 of the frame base 1 (Figure 1). The underlying surface of the stationary axle 6 mounted azimuth rotational base frame 1. Execution of the solar battery modules 10 which are arranged stepwise suspended on the frame 2, and reduces wind possible snow load on the supporting structure, which improves the reliability and durability of the unit. The presence of the main sensor 13 and optional sensor 18 position of the Sun in the guidance system, control electric base frame 1 and the suspended frame 2, eliminates the need for monitoring of the current positioning, but also need to link to the astronomical time and the latitude of the installation location that is obligatory for the closest analogue invention. Used as the sun position sensors multijunction solar cells have the highest sensitivity to direct sunlight. They prevent false triggering on radiation sources and improve the accuracy of tracking the apparent position of the sun. the sun tracking system works only if there is direct sunlight. The increased output voltage of solar cells allows a simple tracking motor control circuit.
From the specific examples of the claimed invention to any person skilled in the art completely obvious possibility of its realization with the simultaneous solution of the problem. Thus it is obvious that minor changes in its structure, but which will not go beyond the limits defined by the claims may be made in the invention.
The inventive solar photovoltaic installation has a simple structure. Technology installation and easy installation. installation operation can be carried anywhere without being tied to the astronomical time and latitude.
CLAIM
Solar PV installation comprising a solar battery with Fresnel lenses and receiving radiation photovoltaic cells placed on a mechanical system supporting the perpendicular position of the solar cell to the direction of the sun and equipped with a system of solar orientation to the sun, characterized in that the supporting mechanical system formed by two frames - base and suspended, of which the base frame is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis, based on the underlying surface by means of wheels, one of which is provided with electric and suspended from the frame rotatably around a horizontal axis of the actuator, with itself solar cell consists of modules with solar concentrators located at the hanging frame in the form of steps, and the orientation of the battery system includes a primary and secondary sensor position of the Sun, the main of which consists of obscuring the screen with a hole and eight photocells cascade-type, four of which are located on the right, left, top and bottom on the outer side of the screen and form channels azimuth and zenith rough guidance producing electrical signals when changing the position of the sun, and the other four photocells arranged in the same manner on the inner sides of the screen and form a precision guidance channels, said additional sensor comprises three photocells cascade type, connected to the azimuth channel, two of which are directed to the left and to the right with respect to the main sensor, and the third - in the opposite direction, and the polarity of the connection is changed during the passage direction of South-North, with a signal to switch the base frame wheel electric drive is powered by solar cells azimuthal channel, and a signal to switch the actuator suspended frame is supplied by solar cells zenith channel.
print version
Publication date 23.12.2006gg
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