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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU1825071
SOLAR GENERATOR. TRANSFORMATION OF SOLAR ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL
Applicant's name: Institute of Physics and Power Engineering
The name of the inventor: Brustilo GP; A.Vizgalov; Kuptsov GA; Kurochkin N.F .; Totskaya MG; Yarygin V.I.
Date of commencement of the patent: 1990.04.04
Use: converting solar energy into electrical energy.
Purpose: increase the efficiency of the generator.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The solar generator comprises a heat receiver that is made in the form of a hollow truncated spherical sector, on the inner surface of the spherical part of which the TIC is insulated and the outer surface is surrounded by a coolant from the periphery to the center, while the heat-sensing surface of the emitters is located on an imaginary sphere, Heat receiver. The diameters of the cross sections of the spherical surfaces of the heat receiver and emitters are related by 
- diameter of the cross section of the spherical surface of the heat receiver; 
Is the diameter of the cross section of the spherical surface of the emitters. The internal cavity of the heat receiver is filled with a neutral gas, for example argon, or evacuated.
Positive effect: the generator is optimized for the losses of electric power associated with the removal of unconverted heat into the electric energy, but also over the thermal field of the emission surface of the TIC ; Provides the requirements of maintainability.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. Solar generators for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy can find wide application in various branches of the national economy.
The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency by providing an even distribution of the heat flux on the surface of the TIC .
1 is a diagram of a solar generator; 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermionic module ( TEM ).
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The solar generator includes a concentrator 1, in the focus of which is a TEM 2 . The TEM comprises a heat receiver 3 in the form of a hollow truncated spherical sector with a diameter of the spherical surface a The connection of the spherical part of the heat receiver with the TICs installed on it with the conical part is carried out by soldering with low-temperature solder, which makes it possible, if necessary, to disassemble the device, i.e. The proposed construction is maintainable. |
Diameter of the cross-section of the spherical surface of emitters of TIC 4 installed inside the heat receiver on the spherical surface of emitters of TIC 4 installed inside the heat receiver on a spherical surface through the insulation layer 5. The surface of 5 emitters is located on an imaginary sphere, a concentric surface a. Adjacent TICs are connected by means of bridges 6 in series to an electrical circuit provided at the ends with current leads 7, isolated from the heat receiver to be connected to an external circuit. The internal cavity of the heat receiver is filled with a neutral gas, for example, argon, or evacuated, for which a transparent body 8, for example, a quartz glass, is installed in the heat receiver window. The external surface of the heat receiver is washed with a cooling liquid 8, for example, with water. THE OFFERED GENERATOR WORKS AS FOLLOWS:
The solar energy, focused by concentrator 1, heats the surface of the 5 emitters of TIC 4 to the temperature at which the generated electric energy has economically useful utility. The serial connection of the TIC with the help of jumpers 6 allows to increase the output voltage at the current leads 7 to a predetermined value. The unconverted energy through the surface a of the heat exchanger is transferred to the cooling liquid 9, which in turn transfers it to the external medium, for example, heats the water of the second circuit.
The claimed solution introduces a restriction on the diameter of the cross section of the spherical surface of the heat receiver d cn , which is equal to (2-3) the diameters of the cross section of the emitter spherical surface 
To resolve the contradiction between the need to increase d cp in order to eliminate effervescence of cooling water and the resulting losses of generated electricity due to the increasing screening of the sun's rays by the spherical part of the heat exchanger.
With increasing d cn, the cooled surface a increases, while the specific heat flux and the probability of boiling of water decrease. At the same time, the screening of the concentrator's mirror increases, which reduces the reflected flux of rays and, consequently, the efficiency of the solar generator .
The indicated range of boundaries d cn is explained by the range of the heat transfer coefficient ( 200-600 W / cm 2 ) for natural convection in water. To exclude the bubbling boiling of water, the temperature of the heat-dissipating surface a must be 100-125 ° C.
The estimated estimate of a solar generator with an electric power of 1 kW shows the optimum value of the ratio 
(Taking into account the specified range of heat transfer coefficient in water for natural convection).
Thus, the purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency by ensuring an even distribution of the heat flux on the TIC surface by achieving the location of the sun-perceiving emitter surface on the imaginary sphere, which virtually eliminates the loss of heat in the focal spot due to the edge effect inherent in flat surfaces and the performance The heat receiver in the form of a hollow truncated spherical spectrum whose spherical part is concentric with the imaginary sphere of emitter arrangement, is washed from the outside by a coolant from the periphery to the center to remove heat from the TICs installed on the inner surface. In this case, the diameter of the cross sections of spherical heat-dissipating ( d cn ) and heat-sensing ( ) Of surfaces are connected by the relation 
The selected form of the heat-dissipating surface of the heat receiver allows to provide natural convection of water and its directed movement from the periphery to the center, which slightly increases the efficiency of the converter by eliminating the electric drive of the pump for forced convection of water or reducing its working time.
The proposed solar generator has the following advantages:
- Optimized for losses of electrical power associated with the removal of unconverted heat into electrical energy; Is optimized for the thermal field of the emission surface of the TIC ; Provides maintainability requirements.
CLAIM
SOLAR GENERATOR , containing an energy concentrator, in the focus of which there is a heat exchanger with thermoemission converters ( TEC ) placed in series connected electrodes, and a cooling system of the latter, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency by providing an even distribution of the heat flux on the TIC surface, the heat receiver is made In the form of a hollow truncated spherical sector, on the inner surface of the spherical part of which the TIC is insulated, and the outer surface is surrounded by a coolant from the periphery to the center, while the heat-sensing surface of the emitters is located on the imaginary sphere, the concentric part of the heat receiver.
The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameters of the cross sections of the spherical surfaces of the heat receiver and emitters are related by the relation
,
Where d cn is the diameter of the cross-section of the spherical surface of the heat exchanger; - is the diameter of the cross section of the spherical surface of the emitters.
Generator according to. 1 and 2, characterized in that the inner cavity of the heat receiver is filled with a neutral gas, for example argon, or evacuated.
print version
Date of publication 31.10.2006гг
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