section Home
Production, Amateur
Radio amateur
Model aircraft, rocket-
Useful, entertaining 		Stealth master
Electronics
Physics
Technologies
invention 		space Mystery
Earth Mysteries
Secrets of the Ocean
Stealth
section Map
Start
Forum
Use of material is permitted for reference (for websites - hyperlinks)
INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2213912

SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

Name of the inventor: V. Yezhov
The name of the patentee: Kursk State Technical University
Address for correspondence: 305040, Kursk, st. 50 October, 94, KSTU, ONS, Vice-Rector of KSTU
Starting date of the patent: 2001.11.05

The invention relates to a solar engineering, namely to the means of generating heat, cold or electricity using solar energy. The apparatus comprises a solar receiver, comprising geliopokrytiya with channels, which are separated by transverse partitions forming the lifting stage, made of porous material height equal to the height of lifting the liquid in the capillary and hollow steam chamber height equal to the diameter of a vapor bubble and are provided with a lower header and an upper drum , an ejector, a condenser, heat accumulator, evaporator, a cold accumulator, a throttle, a turbine generator with a capacitor connected between a system of pipelines with water seal, and a turbine generator connected to the electric wire electric battery. The technical result is achieved by increasing the efficiency and extend the functionality of the device capabilities.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a solar engineering, in particular to the means of generating heat, cold or electricity using solar energy.

Known solar heating system of the building containing the solar receiver, the associated flow and return heat accumulator, heat transfer heat exchanger, circulation pump, which regulates the movable screen, ejector installed in the air volume of the heat accumulator, Valves [1].

The disadvantages of the known device include the presence of a circulating pump and a control screen that reduces the effectiveness and efficiency of the device, and a cooling agent temperature depending on the outside temperature, which limits the options produced energy source.

Closer to the proposed device is a solar installation of air conditioning, consisting of a solar collector made of geliopokrytiya with channels for coolant circulation pump, compressor, evaporator, condenser, heat the battery, throttle, heat exchangers, valves and control equipment (solenoid valves) connected between a piping system that operates in the production of heat during the cold period in the mode of getting cold during the warm period [2, p. 323].

Disadvantages of the known device is the need for a circulation pump and compressor, which complicates the structure, reduces efficiency and reliability, and the inability to simultaneously produce different types of energy: heat, cold, electricity, thus limiting the functional range of the device.

The task to be solved by the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of solar energy utilization and expansion of the functional capabilities of the device.

The task is implemented in the solar energy industry, containing solar receiver made of geliopokrytiya with channels, which are separated by transverse partitions forming the lifting stage, made of a porous material with pores of a vertical tapered capillaries facing apex truncated cone upwards, a height equal to or less than the height lifting the liquid by surface tension, and hollow steam chamber height equal to the diameter of a vapor bubble of working fluid, and the lower and upper ends of the solar collector channel provided with a lower header and an upper drum, respectively, an ejector, a condenser, heat accumulator, evaporator, a cold accumulator, a throttle, a turbogenerator a capacitor connected between a piping system provided with a shutoff and control apparatus and hydraulic lock, the turbogenerator is connected to the electric wire electric battery.

The technical result of the invention is the simultaneous production of heat through solar energy, cooling and electricity.

SOLAR ENERGY

The figure presents the proposed solar energy complex. Solar energy complex (SEC) comprises a solar receiver 1 consisting of geliopokrytiya 2, channel 3, the working fluid circulation (vapor-liquid mixture) which are separated by transverse partitions forming stage lift 4 made of a porous material with pores of a vertical tapered capillaries 5, a height equal to H 1 and the hollow steam chamber with a height equal to h 2, the lower and upper ends of the channels 3 of the solar collector 1 connected to the lower collector 7 and the upper drum 8, respectively, which in turn is connected by pipelines through the valve 9 with the ejector 10, capacitor 11, battery heat 12, the evaporator 13, the cold accumulator 14 and through the choke 15 and hydraulic lock 16, the height h to the lower collector 7, and through the valve 17 with the turbo-generator 18 and the condenser 19, and connected to the rest of the piping system, the turbine generator 18 is connected to the electric wire with an electric battery 20 .

The basis of the proposed SEC along with the use of solar energy, the operating principles of the ejector chiller and turbo-generator is necessary to create fluid property in the capillaries of the capillary pressure, determined by the Laplace equation



Where - The surface tension, N / m;

r '- the average radius of curvature of the meniscus of liquid in the capillary, m;

and the rise of the liquid due to this pressure on the height (taken as the height of the lifting stage)



where g - acceleration of gravity, m / s 2;

- Wetting angle, degrees;

r - radius of the capillary, m;

r = r'cos (In the case of complete wetting cos = 1).

To ensure movement stage vapor-liquid mixture in lifting up only four capillaries 5 capillary must have a positive potential, which are in the form of vertical truncated cones (bottom radius r 1 greater than the upper radius r 2 [3, pp. 303, 304].

Step ascent vapor-liquid mixture at the height H 1 at each stage 4, a pair of channels 3 solar absorber 1 from the pressure of the working fluid F to at I-th stage 4 to a pressure P 0 at the top is provided to ensure recovery of vapor-liquid mixture and the pressure increase, which inlet in capillaries 5 each degree rise 4 creates a free surface of a liquid due to its properties at the boil to form steam bubbles diameter



0 where d - diameter of a vapor bubble, m;

f - frequency of the vapor bubbles, 1 / s;

- Density of the fluid and steam, respectively, kg / m 3 [4, p. 153], which is taken as the size of the distance H 2 between stages 4 and fluid lifting, respectively, the height of the steam chamber 6.

As the working fluid CEA can be used water, ammonia, various kinds of Freon depending on the purpose of produced steam and heat parameters.

SEC works as follows.

Before working circuit SEC filled so that the filled stage were lift 4, steam chamber 6 in the channels of the solar collector 1 to 3 filling the upper half of the drum 8. At least one solar receiver heat the working fluid is heated and begins to move upward in the channels 3 and in the circulation loop formed by a downward conduit with a water seal 16, which h is the height provides resistance equal to the difference between the operating pressures in the upper drum 8, R 1 and capacitor 11, P 2 and a portion of the condensate from the reactor 15 to the bottom of the collector 7, down due to the natural circulation of the pressure forces F e similar to the movement of the liquid coolant in the heating systems [5, p. 300], thereby creating a total liquid movement in the circulation circuit of the solar collector 1 and separating the steam from the heated liquid. As the heated working fluid in the channel walls 3 adjacent to geliopriemnomu coating 2, it begins to boil, which entails the formation of vapor bubbles, which are located in the steam chamber 6 whose height H2 due to the diameter of a vapor bubble d 0 and defined by the equation ( 3). In this part of the steam chamber 6, distant from geliopokrytiya 2, still filled with liquid, and there is continued motion of the fluid through natural circulation pressure P e. By increasing the flow of heat from the steam width geliopokrytiya 2 layer in the steam chamber 6 is increased to S, the value of which take depending on the intensity of solar radiation and the properties geliopokrytiya 2.

Steam layer in the steam chambers 6 are responsible for creating at the inlet to each stage lift 4 and, respectively, at the inlet to each capillary 5 free liquid surface formed by the outer film vapor bubble, thereby lifting the vapor mixture by means of capillary forces in each lifting step 4 through the capillaries 5, the shape of which in the form of a tapering to the top of the cone with radii r 1 and r 2, respectively, determines the motion of the liquid-vapor mixture only up toward the top of the cone (cone angle is taken on the recommendations for conical nozzles [6, p. 298]. When this in capillaries 5 creates a capillary pressure that allows to raise the vapor-liquid mixture in each stage 4 to a height of less than or equal to H 1, defined by the formula (2) and the improved value of which shall take for structural reasons. As a result, the pressure on each vyshesleduyuschey stage 4 increases compared to the pressure at the preceding stage on the value of the capillary pressure P c determined by the formula (1), and thus, the vapor pressure at the outlet of the drum 8 will be more pressure fluid inlet 7 in the bottom manifold of the solar collector by the value 1

P = P c n ... (4)

where n - number of steps wicking, pcs.

Full steam pressure P 1 on the outlet of the upper drum 8 is equal to

P 1 = P k + P ... (5)

where p k - pressure fluid inlet 7 in the lower header.

Transfer fluid and steam in steam chamber 6 from the upper surface of the lower step lift 4 to the lower surface of the upper stage 10 and, respectively, to the inlet of the capillaries 11 is performed by diffusion and convection heat and mass transfer accordance with the law [7. 132, 262].

Further, the upper drum at a pressure P 1 of the liquid-vapor mixture is released vapor, which is divided into two parts, and the separated liquid falls in the circuit. Thus one part of the resulting vapor from the top of the drum 8 through the control valve 9 is supplied to the ejector 10 which sucks the vapors from the evaporator 13, creating there a vacuum R 3 and reducing the pressure to P 2, from which steam is sent to the condenser 11 where the conditioned, giving condensation heat the coolant that is directed to the consumer and in the heat accumulator 12 and the resulting condensate to a pressure P k ~ R 2 (without resistance) partially enters the lower reservoir 7, mixed in the circulation circuit with a boiler with liquid and partly via the throttle 15, where throttled to vacuum P3 pressure to the evaporator 13 where at underpressure P 3, reduced working fluid boiling point occurs evaporation at low temperature to form a secondary vapor sucked in the ejector 10, cooling the refrigerant, which is then directed to the consumer and in the cold accumulator 14.

Another portion of the resulting vapor pressure P 1 of the upper drum 8 through the control valve 17 is sent to a turbine generator 18 generating electric current which is sent to the consumer and in the electric accumulator 20, and "exhaust steam" after the turbogenerator 18 with pressure P 3 to the capacitor 19 , where it is condensed, giving heat to the coolant, to send later in the heat accumulator 12, the resulting condensate is mixed with the rest of the condensate entering the evaporator 13 after the throttle 15.

The amount and parameters of steam produced in the solar collector 1 and, respectively, the number and parameters of all energies produced by SEC depends on the intensity of solar radiation, the number of stages lift 4 and the area of ​​their cross sections in the channels 3 of the solar collector 1, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics geliopriemnogo coating 2 and other equipment, and a working fluid properties.

Thus, the proposed SEC allows the simultaneous production of heat, cold and electricity using the force of surface tension, which increases efficiency and extends the range of applications of solar energy.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. AS USSR 1657895, M.kl. F 24 J 2/42, 1991.

2. VN Theological and others. Air-conditioning and refrigeration. M .: Stroyizdat, 1985, 367 p.

3. AV Lykov, Heat and Mass Transfer. Directory. M .: Energia, 1978, 480.

4. AM Kutepov and others. Hydrodynamics and heat transfer of vaporization. MA: Executive. school, 1977, 352 p.

5. VN Theological, AN Skanavi. Heating. M .: Stroyizdat 1991, 736 ton.

6. AD Altschul, PG Kiselev. Hydraulics and aerodynamics. M .: Stroyizdat, 1975, 328.

7. AI Planovsky, PI Nikolaev. Processes and devices of chemical and petrochemical technologies. M .: Chemistry, 1972, 496 p.

CLAIM

Solar energy complex containing suntrap consisting of geliopokrytiya with TV, evaporator, condenser, heat the battery, throttle, ejector, connected by a system of pipelines with shut-off and control valves, characterized in that the solar collector channels are separated by transverse partitions, forming the lifting stage, executed of a porous material with pores of a vertical tapered capillaries facing apex truncated cone upwards, a height equal to or less than the height of lifting the liquid by surface tension, and hollow steam chamber height equal to the diameter of a vapor bubble of working fluid, the lower and upper ends of the channels are provided with lower and the upper collector drum, respectively, connected to the rest of the equipment, and which includes a cold accumulator, a turbine generator with a condenser, a piping system water seal, and a turbine generator connected to the electric wire electric battery.

print version
Publication date 12.01.2007gg