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SOLAR POWER STATIONS. HELIUMENERGETICS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2026515

HYDRO-SETTING FOR TRAINING THE SUN

HYDRO-SETTING FOR TRAINING THE SUN

The name of the inventor: Ashurly ZI; Gadzhiev, MG; Putilovsky M.Yu .; Shadrin V.I.
The name of the patent owner: Limited Liability Company "Astrosolar"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1992.11.30

Use: in solar engineering to track solar receivers behind the position of the Sun. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The solar power plant comprises an orientable optical element 1 mounted on a rotational support device 3 and a tracking system. The latter includes thermo-balloons 6 with a low-boiling liquid symmetrically positioned relative to the focus of the optical element 1, connected via tubes 7 to a pressure compensator. The solar installation also includes a radiation receiver 2 installed at the focus of the optical element, an adjustment valve 13 connecting by means of conduits a thermal bulb 6 that are located on the side surface of the radiation receptacle 2 and a slide 5 mounted to be movable along the support. The pressure compensator is made in the form of at least two hydraulic cylinders 9 in terms of the number of thermowells fixed on the side of the cavities on the inoperative surface of the element 1 with the possibility of its orientation on the rotary support when moving the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 9 fixed rigidly to the slide 5. The tubes 7 are connected With the cavities of the respective hydraulic cylinders 9.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to solar engineering and can be used to track solar receivers behind the position of the Sun.

At present, the problem of using environmentally friendly, affordable and cheap energy sources has risen sharply. A special place among such energy sources for inexhaustibility and accessibility is solar energy. Solar tracking systems behind the position of the Sun, currently used, are either costly and energy-consuming, requiring the operation of a supply, for example, electric energy, or have low speed and accuracy when using solar energy and are quite complex.

A solar installation is known comprising an orientable solar collector mounted rotatably about an axis located in the plane of its symmetry coinciding with the direction of the collector orientation and an orientation mechanism made in the form of cylinders with a light boiling liquid fixed symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry of the collector and is provided with symmetrically disposed Evaporators, each of which is communicating with one of the cylinders and located opposite to it with respect to the plane passing through the axis of rotation of the collector and perpendicular to the symmetry plane of the collector, each evaporator is provided with a rotary screen, the center of mass of the collector is located on the axis of its rotation, and the center of mass of the mechanism Orientation is located below the axis of rotation [1].

However, the known solar power plant has a low response rate due to the use of unfocused solar radiation for orientation and, as a consequence, high inertia when heated to the required volume of a light boiling liquid, and attempts to increase the speed by introducing additional evaporators with a boiling liquid and reflective screens significantly complicate the tracking system, Flow rate of light boiling liquid and dimensions of the solar power plant. The accuracy of the collector orientation is low due to the difficulty of equal dosing and the continued long-term preservation of equal large volumes of low-boiling liquid in evaporators and cylinders, which causes a different amount of collector displacement when the cylinders and the evaporator are heated to the same temperature.

The closest in terms of technical nature (prototype) is a solar installation containing an orientable optical element mounted on a rotational support device and a tracking system including sensors diametrically located relative to the focus of the optical element, made in the form of low-boiling liquid-filled thermoballs, connected by means of capillary tubes with compensators Pressure, made in the form of bellows, the differential, the wheels of which are connected to the bellows, and the carrier shaft - with a gear transmission connected with the control element of the nozzles connected through the distributors of the hydraulic amplifiers with the solar system turning system [2].

However, the known solar power plant has a low speed due to the significant complexity of the tracking system and a large number of transmission links (ten). The accuracy of the orientation of the optical element is low due to the difficulty of equal dosing and the continued long-term preservation of equal volumes of low-boiling liquid in cylinders and bellows, which causes a different amount of movement of the optical element when the cylinders and bellows are heated to the same temperature, Transfer units, and the presence of inelastic bellows, deformed to different values, which lead to a decrease in the reliability of the solar power plant.

The new technical result achieved is to increase the reliability of the solar installation by increasing the speed and accuracy of the orientation of the optical element beyond the position of the sun.

The technical result is achieved in that a known solar installation containing an orientable optical element mounted on a rotary support device and a tracking system including thermoballs with a low boiling point fluid arranged symmetrically relative to the focus of the optical element, connected by means of tubes with a pressure compensator, receive radiation receivers installed In the focus of the optical element, an adjustment valve connecting the thermoballs that are located on the side surface of the radiation receptacle by means of conduits and a slide that is mounted to be movable along the support and the pressure compensator is made in the form of at least two hydraulic cylinders in terms of the number of thermoballs fixed on the side of the cavities On the non-working surface of the optical element with the possibility of its orientation on the support-pivot device when moving the rods of hydraulic cylinders fixed rigidly on the slide, with the tubes connected to the cavities of the corresponding hydraulic cylinders.

In Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a solar installation for the case of a parabolic optical element (collector); FIG. 2 shows the same for the case of a parabolic cylindrical optical element (collector). FIG.

The solar installation consists of an orientable optical element (collector) 1, in the focus of which there is installed a radiation receiver 2, a pivot device 3 with a slide 5 installed along the support 4, a tracking system including symmetrically arranged with respect to the focus of the optical element (collector) 1 on Of the side surface of the receptacle 2, thermoballons 6 with a light boiling liquid, connected by means of tubes 7 to the cavities 8 of the respective hydraulic cylinders 9 fixed on the side of the cavities 8 on the non-working surface 10 of the optical element (collector) 1 with the possibility of its orientation on the rotation mechanism 11 of the rotary support device 3, The movement of the rods 12 of the hydraulic cylinders 9 fixed rigidly to the slide 5 and the adjustment valve 13 connecting the thermoballons 6 through the conduits 14. As an optical element (collector) 1 of curvilinear shape, for example parabolic or parabolic, use is made, for example, of an AMG- 6, processed according to standard technology, for example, by the method of free abrasive with the following optical parameters: focal length - 1.5 m; Optical purity (P) = V.

As the adjusting valve 13, the hydraulic cylinders 9, the tubes 7 and the conduits 14, for example, standard, impermeable to the used light-boiling liquid, appropriate analogs are used.

As the receiver 2, for example, a water distillation conduit, a photoelectric converter or a Stirling engine that converts thermal energy into a mechanical one, and the like are used. As a slider 5, a standard slider is used, widely used, for example, in locomotive building, and the like. As the mechanism 11 of the pivoting device 3, for example, a standard cylindrical hinge (for a parabolic cylinder) or a spherical hinge (for a paraboloid, spheroid, and the like) is used.

As a light boiling liquid, a liquid having a large coefficient of thermal expansion or a low boiling point, preferably a non-flammable liquid, eg Freon-114B2, is used.

The solar power plant works as follows.

To bring the solar installation into operation, the adjustment valve 13 connecting the thermo-balloons 6 is opened, and thus the hydraulic cylinders 9 responsible for the orientation of the optical element (collector) 1 are unlocked by equalizing the pressure and the amount of the low-boiling liquid in the tracking system. The optical element (collector) 1 is set so that the solar radiation is focused on the receiver 2. After that, the adjustment valve 13 is closed. In this case, without interaction with the focus of the optical element 1 and with the ambient temperature drift towards increasing or decreasing, the low-boiling liquid in the The thermo-balloons 6, in the case of the equal pressure in them, under the action of the adjusting valve 13, respectively, increase or decrease their volume (by an equal amount in each of the thermoballons). The change in the volume of the liquid is compensated by a change in the volume of the cavities of the respective hydraulic cylinders 9 by an equal amount, which is adjusted if necessary by displacing the slider 5 downward along the support 4. In this case, no movement of the optical element (collector) 1 occurs.

When the focus is moved to one of the thermoballons 6, the low-boiling liquid in it acquires a temperature above the ambient temperature, as a result of which the volume of liquid in the thermoball is increased in comparison with the volume of the liquid in the other thermoballons. This increases the pressure on the piston of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder 9, the volume of the cavity of this hydraulic cylinder increases. A rotation of the optical element (collector) 1 occurs due to an increase in the size of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder outside the volume of the hydraulic cylinder by means of the mechanism 11 of the rotational support device 3 in such a way that the focus again enters the space between the thermoballs to the receiver 2. And this orientation of the optical element Collector) 1 continues during the whole period of operation during a light day with one or other of the thermoballons 6 depending on the position of the Sun in the sky and the corresponding deflection of the focus when the sun moves toward one or another thermal cylinder 6. As noted above, The temperature of the medium; The operating temperature of the liquid is increased or decreased in all the thermoballons 6, the excess pressure in the hydraulic cylinders is controlled by changing the position of the slide 5 along the support 4 of the device 3. The number of hydraulic cylinders 9 is equal to the number of thermal bulbs 6, and in the case of a parabolic cylinder (Figure 2) two thermo- Are opposed to each other with respect to the focus of the optical element 1, and two hydraulic cylinders 9 for moving the optical element 1 in the azimuth plane, and in the case of a paraboloid, spheroid, and the like. It is necessary to have at least three thermoballers 6 arranged symmetrically relative to the focus of the optical element 1 and at an angle of 60 ° to each other and three hydraulic cylinders 9 for moving the optical element 1 in the azimuthally-zenith plane. The placement of the thermo-balloons 6 in contact with the side surface of the receiver 2 makes it possible to eliminate the inertia of the orientation of the optical element 1 when its focus is shifted into the gap between the receiver 2 and the thermo-balloons 6. The refusal of the bellows allows to increase the accuracy of the transmission of the rotational signal by eliminating the possibility of deforming them during transmission to different values . The volume of the low-boiling liquid is selected in such a way that the expansion is sufficient to cause the optical element 1 to rotate over the entire range of angles during the whole daylight day.

A new technical result of the invention is an increase in the reliability of the solar installation by increasing the speed and accuracy of the orientation of the optical element beyond the position of the Sun by at least 15%, by reducing the number of transmission units in the tracking system by almost an order of magnitude, simplifying the latter; Increase the speed of the orientation of the optical element by at least 15% due to a decrease by almost an order of the number of transmission units in the tracking system; An increase in the accuracy of the orientation of the optical element by at least 10% due to the possibility of equalizing the pressure in the thermo-balloons and hydraulic cylinders by means of the adjustment valve and reducing by almost an order of the number of transmission links in the tracking system, excluding the deformable bellows.

CLAIM

A HELIOPILITY SYSTEM comprising an optical element mounted on the rotational support device with a radiation receiver positioned at its focus and a tracking system made in the form of low-boiling liquid thermo-balloons and hydraulic cylinders interacting with the optical-rotary device, the thermo-balloons being arranged symmetrically with respect to the focus of the optical element And each of them is communicated with the cavity of its compensator, characterized in that the thermo-balloons are located on the side surface of the receiver and are connected in pairs with each other by pipelines with alignment valves installed on them, pressure compensators are hydraulic cylinders whose rods are rigidly connected to the slide located on the support, Fixed on the non-working surface of the optical element, on which the hydrocylinders are fixed from the side of their cavities.

print version
Date of publication 12.01.2007gg