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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2277273

Autonomous power supply systems

Autonomous power supply systems

Name of the inventor: Karic Zia Ramizovich
The name of the patentee: Karic Zia Ramizovich
Address for correspondence:. 129626, Moscow, Kuchin lane, 12, kv.1, ZR Karichevu
Starting date of the patent: 2004.11.25

The invention relates to the autonomous power supply system (FPSE) individual objects deleted from the transmission line. According to the invention ASEP provides an external source of electricity, electrochemical generator (ECG) based on fuel cells, battery pack, the cell and hydrogen and oxygen cylinders are high pressure, connected through pipes and valves with the relevant gas cavities TE ECG and electrolyzer, at the same time as TE ECG taken alkaline fuel cells with electrolyte circulation circuit is taken as an alkaline electrolyzer electrolytic cell, wherein the fuel cell and electrolyzer ECG have a common electrolyte circulation path. Circuit circulating electrolyte fuel cell equipped with ECG electrolyte tank, designed to compensate for changes in the electrolyte volume in the fuel cell in the dilution mode, the circulation pump, heat exchanger and valve system to connect electrolyte circulation loop to the fuel cell to the cell or ECG. In the initial state the free volume of the electrolyte tank is 1.1 ÷ 1.2 volumes of water formed in the fuel cell by an electrochemical reaction at full consumption of hydrogen and oxygen, which are in cylinders. As an external source of electricity taken a renewable source of energy, which can be as a solar panel or a wind power plant, either and both. TE equipped with ECG electrolyte temperature sensor included in the operation control circuit circulation pump. The technical result of the invention is to provide reliable operation in the ASEP.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of autonomous energy supply systems (ASEP) of individual buildings or objects removed from the mains power line, namely the ASEP, including renewable energy sources as an external source of electricity, electrochemical generator (ECG), a battery, an electrolyser and cylinders for storage the reactants (hydrogen and oxygen).

Known FPSE comprising electrical network transmission line as an external source of energy, ECH based fuel cell (FC) of the polymer electrolyte, an inverter for converting and power transmission from the ECG in an electric network, the cell, the converter to supply electrolytic direct current from the mains, cylinders for hydrogen storage and system valves to connect the cylinder to the ECG, then to the cell (see. US Pat. US №6660417, cl. H 01 M 8/18, 2003).

The disadvantage of this is FPSE its attachment to the mains, and a poor reliability associated with the use of complex systems ensuring a balance of water and heat in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, but also the need to use a specially prepared water electrolyzer.

B 60 L 7 Known ASEP for diesel-electric locomotives, including a diesel electric generator as an external energy source, ECG-based fuel cell, electrolyser, hydrogen storage cylinders for oxygen, water capacity (see. US Pat. Canada №2371297, cl. / 00, 2002).

The disadvantage of this ASEP is a scarce resource of work and low reliability associated with a limited supply of diesel fuel and water and low diesel-electric generator reliability.

Of the known ASEP closest the essential features and achieved technical result is ASEP containing an external power source, ECG-based fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte, the battery cell with a solid polymer electrolyte, and hydrogen and oxygen tanks connected by pipes and valves relevant gas cavities TE ECG and electrolyzer (see. US Pat. US №6610193, cl. H 01 M 6/00, 2003).

The disadvantage of this ASEP is a bounded domain of use associated with the need for an external source of water, and the complexity of its structure and operation of the technology associated with the need of water purification consumed from an external water source.

The object of the invention is to provide reliable operation in the ASEP, devoid of these shortcomings.

SUMMARY OF THE iNVENTION

This technical result is achieved in that ASEP has an external power source, ECG-based fuel cell, a battery, the cell and hydrogen and oxygen tanks connected by pipes and valves with the relevant gas cavities TE ECG and electrolyzer, at the same time as TE ECG taken alkaline fuel cells with an alkali electrolyte circulation circuit is taken as an alkaline electrolyzer electrolytic cell, wherein the fuel cell and electrolyzer ECG alkaline electrolyte have a common path. Using the alkaline fuel cell ECG and electrolyzer can greatly simplify the scheme and technology ASEP operation, because they can be combined by the alkaline electrolyte loop using a circulating pump, does not require an external water source and the system of its treatment, which expands the range of possible use of ASEP.

Advantageously, the hydrogen and oxygen cylinders were fitted with sensors limit values ​​of the upper and lower pressures. On the lower the maximum permissible pressure value are disconnected TE ECG load, the cell is connected to an external power source for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen, and the alkaline electrolyte circulation system is disconnected from the fuel cell is connected to the ECG and electrolyzer.

Advantageously, the circulation loop of an alkaline electrolyte fuel cell ECH was provided with an electrolyte tank, designed to compensate for changes in the electrolyte volume, which occurs when the fuel cell as a result of dilution water formed in the fuel cell during the electrochemical reaction, a circulation pump, a heat exchanger and a system of valves for connecting the circulation loop alkaline electrolyte to the fuel cell to the cell or ECG.

The presence of these units allows to simplify the scheme and technology ASEP operate and improve the reliability of its operation, as the work of TE ECG in a mode of dilution does not require a complex system of removing and maintaining the balance of water. The presence of common alkaline electrolyte circulation circuit and valve system can be connected, depending on the operation mode, the electrolyte circulation circuit TE to the ECG or to a cell.

It is advisable that in the initial state the free volume of the electrolyte tank is equal to 1.1 ÷ 1.2 volumes of water formed in the fuel cell by an electrochemical reaction at full consumption of hydrogen and oxygen, which are in cylinders.

The presence of said free volume in the electrolyte tank greatly simplifies the ASEP scheme, because without any additional devices (sensors, actuators, etc.) allows you to save in an alkaline electrolyte circuit all the water formed in the process of ECG before full consumption of hydrogen and oxygen from the cylinders, if necessary, and then use it in an electrolytic cell to generate hydrogen and oxygen.

It is advisable that an external source of electricity was taken renewable energy: solar panel, a wind power plant either and both. The use of renewable energy sources allows for ASEP in remote areas where there are no electrical grid transmission lines and used as the energy of solar radiation, and wind energy. In addition, these energy sources are environmentally friendly and do not cause damage to the environment.

Advantageously, the fuel cell electrolyte ECG were fitted with a temperature sensor, a circulation pump included in the control circuit. The presence of a temperature sensor provides the required temperature, which is maintained by changing the mode of operation of the circulation pump at the temperature sensor signal.

Conducted prior art analysis has shown that the claimed combination of essential features set forth in the claims, is not known. This allows to conclude that it is appropriate for the criterion of "novelty".

To check the compliance of the claimed invention, the criterion of "inventive step" conducted an additional search of the prior art in order to detect signs that coincide with the distinctive features of the prototype of the claimed technical solution. It is found that the claimed technical solution should not explicitly from the prior art. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The drawing shows one possible embodiment of a functional circuit FPSE.

ASEP includes an external electric power source 1, such as a solar panel or a wind power plant, ECH 2, battery 3, the cell 4, the pH 5 and oxygen 6 cylinders, pipes 7 and the valves 8, 9 for connecting with the relevant gas cavities TE ECG and electrolyzer, sensors upper and lower limit values ​​of hydrogen and oxygen pressures of 17, 18, respectively, electrolyte circulation circuit 10 with the container 11, a circulation pump 12, heat exchanger 13 and valve system 14 to connect to an electrolyte circulation loop 2 TE ECG or to a cell control 4. working ECG temperature TE 2 provided with a temperature sensor 15, the pump 16 included in the control circuit 12. The capacity of the electrolyte 11 in the initial state is the free volume, 1.1-1.2 equal volume of water formed in the fuel cell by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen with complete consumption and oxygen located in cylinders 5, 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FPSE operates as follows. Hydrogen and oxygen from the cylinders 5 and 6, respectively, via valves 8 and 9 via conduits 7 fed into respective cavities TE ECG. ECG generates an electrical current which is supplied to the consumer (not shown). TE ECG excels in the heat rejection loop circulation of electrolyte 10 and is discharged into the environment in the heat exchanger 13. The resulting reaction water accumulates in the electrolyte tank, causing it to increase in volume and dilution. The free volume of the electrolyte tank in the initial state is selected based on the required power consumption of ASEP and stock reagent in cylinders 5, 6. When spending the entire stock of reagents for signal sensors lower the maximum permissible pressure values ​​17, 18 through the valves 14 of the electrolyte circulation system is disconnected from the fuel cell and the ECG 4 is connected to the cell, and then to the cell 4 is fed electricity from the external power source 1. The alkaline electrolyte is electrolyzed, oxygen and hydrogen formed are accumulated in the cylinders 5 and 6 respectively, the valves 8, 9 from the disconnected cylinders TE ECG. When triggered, the upper sensor maximum allowable pressures reagents electrolyte circulation loop 10 is disconnected from the electrolyzer 4 and is connected to the fuel cell ECG. The external power source is disconnected from the electrolyzer 1 4. Power consumers during the switching components ASEP produced by the battery 3.

Based on the above it can be concluded that the alleged ASEP can be realized in practice with achieving the claimed technical result, ie, it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

CLAIM

1. Independent energy supply system comprising an external source of electricity based on electrochemical generator fuel cell battery, electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen cylinders are connected by pipes and respective valves with fuel gas cavities elements of the electrochemical generator and the electrolyser, characterized in that the electrochemical fuel cell generator taken alkaline fuel cells with electrolyte circulation circuit is taken as an alkaline electrolyzer electrolytic cell, wherein the electrochemical fuel cell generator and the electrolyser electrolyte have a common circuit.

2. Stand-alone power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen and oxygen cylinders are equipped with sensors of the upper and lower maximum permissible pressure values.

3. Independent energy supply system of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte circulation loop electrochemical fuel cell generator is provided with an electrolyte tank, designed to compensate for changes in the volume of electrolyte that occurs when the fuel cell as a result of dilution water formed in the fuel cell during the electrochemical reaction, a circulation pump, a heat exchanger and a system of valves for connecting the electrolyte circulation path to the fuel cells of the electrochemical generator or to the cell.

4. Independent energy supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that in the initial state the free volume of the electrolyte tank is 1.1 ÷ 1.2 volumes of water formed in the fuel cell by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen with the full and oxygen consumption, are bottled .

5. Independent energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the external power source is taken renewable energy.

6. Independent energy supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that as a renewable source of electricity taken solar battery.

7. Independent energy supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that as a renewable source of electricity taken wind power plant.

8. Stand-alone power supply system according to claim 4, wherein as a renewable source of electricity taken solar panel and wind power plant.

9. Independent energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel cells are electrolyte electrochemical generator provided with a temperature sensor included in the operation control circuit of the circulation pump.

print version
Publication date 03.02.2007gg