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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2265161

METHOD OF TRANSFORMING SOLAR ENERGY TO ELECTRICITY
BIG POWER

The name of the inventor: Chabanov AI (RU); Sobolev VM (RU); Soloviev A.A. (RU); Chabanov V.A. (RU); Sevastyanov V.P. (RU); Chepasov A.A. (RU); Chabanov DA (RU); Zhigailo V.N. (RU); Voronkov AA (RU); Voronov Yu.P. (RU); Otmakhov LF (RU); Gunya MA (RU); Kosov Yu.M. (RU)
The name of the patent owner: Chabanov Alim Ivanovich (RU); Sevastyanov Vladimir Petrovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 630099, Novosibirsk, ul. Kamenskaya, 56/1, ap. 2, V.P. Sevastyanov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2002.09.12

The invention relates to the field of creation of power plants based on the use of solar energy. The method is based on the transformation and accumulation of solar energy with the generation of thermal energy , by means of which a rotational movement of air in the solar collector is created, where for this purpose air channels are arranged parallel to each other and connected in series with respect to the motion of the energy-saturated airflow. Each of these channels establishes a group of local inclined surfaces that receive solar radiation through a translucent heat-insulating material and to which simultaneously controlled heat flows of the technological working fluid from solar energy converters and accumulators of various types and potential levels are fed. As a result, temperature inhomogeneities are created in the solar collector and the air channels formed in it, which lead to stable rotating air flows both along the air channels and in their cross sections and in the near-surface zones, with the formation of turbulent, vortex motions. The invention must ensure the production of high-power electric power.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of power plants based on the use of solar energy.

A method for converting the energy of solar rays and natural wind as one of the specific manifestations of solar energy in the environment is known, to electric energy based on the principle of absorption of sunlight by a blackened surface, heating the air in contact with it and directing it into the air outlet pipe through a wind turbine, articulated With an electric generator [ see A.S. USSR 1416745 "Power plant", F 03 D 9/00, published on August 15, 1988. ]

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of using the principles and constructive solutions through which it is implemented. In this technical solution, a virtually laminar rectilinear motion of the working fluid-the air into the wind turbine from the environment through the helio-transforming space-is created that contains a blackened bottom surface and a translucent heat-insulating top coating. Such a regime of air flow does not allow obtaining a significant energy saturation of it before entering the wind turbine and giving it characteristics that are well matched with the process of converting the energy of the air flow into mechanical energy of the rotational motion of the wind turbine.

There is a known method for converting solar energy, set forth in the French application "The Collector of Solar Energy of Increased Efficiency" [cf. Patent France No. 2698682, F 24 J 2/16, 2/20, 2/48, published on 03.06.94] , which uses the absorption of sunlight by a blackened surface, heating of air contacting the hot surface of the breathable helio-absorbing material, and its further movement through Wind turbine. This technical solution in its design is more effective than the previous one, due to the important application of air permeable helio-absorbing material. However, in this case both the principles of the intensification of the moving air flow and the potential capabilities of the air permeable material are used to enhance the dynamic characteristics of the moving air flow.

The most famous device for converting solar energy into electrical energy, widely discussed in the literature, is the "Solar Chimney" power station, commissioned by 1990 near Manzanares in Spain, which is called the "Solar Fireplace" in Russian terminology [see, for example, Lysov V.F. "Aeroturbine power stations", "Energy", 1991, No. 6] . Despite the considerable size of the solar collector (diameter 245 m , height 1.85 m ) and the air discharge pipe (diameter 10 m and height 195 m ), the achieved capacity of the installation was only 36 kW . On the basis of the obtained results, the overwhelming majority of scientific and engineering assessments conclude that the method of solar radiation conversion is ineffective by using the convection of a heated wind flow under conditions of thermodynamically equilibrium states.

The justification for such a negative conclusion with reference to the laws of equilibrium thermodynamics is untenable. First, in this technical solution, there are design flaws associated with the weak design of the solar collector, in which a number of processes ensuring the growth of energy transfer are not used, including the breathable helio-absorbing surface, vapor generating means, for example, using cultivated plants and water reservoirs capable of To give an additional economic effect within the framework of the greenhouse complex, along with an increase in the intensity of the energy saturation of the air flow. In addition, the approach to the design of the air vent pipe proved to be conservative, resulting in a very high cost, along with a number of other design flaws. Secondly, in this technical solution, the principles of vortex formation are not implemented, which allow to achieve an increase in the speed of the rotational motion of air before its entry into the vent pipe, which is quite feasible for implementation, referring to the large-scale circular forms of the solar collector. In addition, the possibility of a purposeful creation of a thermal heterogeneity of the surface helio-absorbing surface was not used, due to which the air flow acquires energy-containing vortex structures capable of increasing the flow.

The principle of the possible application of turbulent energy generation by rotational vortex movements of air arising from the greenhouse solar heating of the surface layer is known from theoretical developments and individual attempts at their practical implementation [see, for example: Solov'ev AA, Solodukhin AD "A convective vortex-converter of solar energy." Izv. AN BSSR, ser. Fiz. Power. Sciences, 1989, №1] . Theoretical studies show that there are significant opportunities for increasing the efficiency of converting solar energy into mechanical energy if certain conditions are successfully created for controlling the turbulence of airflow as a working fluid in the process of converting the infrared component of solar energy.

The project of a large-scale gravitational-thermal power plant was proposed by V.V. Kushin [see, for example: Kushin, V.V. "Smerchs" M .: Energoatomizdat, 1993] . However, this proposal has, first of all, a theoretical nature, since it does not set out a method of implementation, suitable for real engineering and economic conditions.

In view of the above and theoretically developed principles in the field of vortex formation in energy air streams, the closest technical solution to the proposed in accordance with the invention is a helio-aerodynamic power plant with the artificial generation of a rotating flow [ Pommer LA "Power Generator Utilizing Elevation-Temprature Differential". U.S. Patent 4,187,686, MKI F 03 G 7/04, publ. In 1977] . It is based on a vertically located cylinder, closed at the top and bottom. In the cylinder-pipe according to the specified prototype there are rotating streams of ascending warm air and descending cold. Although the vortex flows acquire an energy potential of considerable magnitude, the withdrawal of the heated vortex air flow from the closed pipe through the appropriate channels is associated with large losses of its kinetic energy. And this, along with other shortcomings, is the main disadvantage of this prototype.

Therefore, the object of the present technical solution according to the present invention is to provide a method for converting solar energy based on the spatiotemporal localization of thermodynamically nonequilibrium fluid states leading to an increase in the vortex motion of the air medium with the achievement, after a series of successive multistage coherent thermal pumping, of its high kinetic energy flux at the inlet to Wind turbine with the direction of movement into the inner cavity of the wind turbine at an angle close to the direct one, relative to the wind-receiving surfaces of the blades, which ensures the transfer of the kinetic energy of the air flow into the mechanical energy of rotational motion of the wind turbine with minimal losses. At the same time, in the created method, a technical solution must be found in which the air flow during the accumulation of kinetic energy in it could be under thermal intensive action for a sufficiently long time before entering the wind turbine, which is practically impossible with the vertical location of the pipe in which the The process of accumulation of its kinetic energy according to the named prototype.

In the proposed method according to the invention, the above problems have found their own solution.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion into mechanical energy, increase economic efficiency and achieve significant capacities of industrial solar power plants.

An important technical result of the proposed invention , creating technical and economic conditions for ensuring the wide construction of such helio-power complexes on a national scale, is the reduction in the amount of capital costs per unit of capacity in comparison with standard HPPs, HPPs and NPPs , providing the possibility of using extended solar collectors for cultivating cultivated Plants in hothouse environments with the utilization of heat losses arising in related technological processes, and the solution of the problem of reducing the noise impact of solar energy complexes on the environment.

Said technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved in that, with respect to the known methods of converting solar energy into mechanical energy based on the absorption of sunlight by darkened surfaces of solid and liquid bodies separated from the surrounding space by a translucent thermal insulating material and a layer of air between the last and named helio-absorbing surfaces , Which is connected to the surrounding space through the air intake means, and therefore the portions of said air layer are heated and due to the convective process, the manifestation of which is amplified on the local technological areas by means of vortex formation therein, a directed airflow from the air intake means through the wind turbine and the air exhaust pipe, It is possible to produce the mechanical energy of rotational motion in a wind turbine, there are differences in that, with the help of the thermal energy generated by a local multistage thermal transformation of the sun's rays, the named layer of air covered by a translucent heat-insulating material, in a continuous accelerating rotation, In a series of technologically successive horizontal air annular channels of a toroidal shape corresponding to energetically active airways of infinite length, and during each revolution of the air layer in its successive constituent sections of the annular form by means of periodic pulsed thermal action, with the calculated shape and duty cycle of the latter, Movements with a target formation of stable accompanying processes of vortex formation, for example, by placing in the space of its rotation inclined wind control surfaces that are under controlled thermal action and located at fixed distances from each other, which are determined by the vortex formation conditions, using additional wind direction surfaces, , The function of local windflows, while from the generated rotating vortex air flow, during each revolution around the vertical axis, part of its replenished volume and stored energy is taken away and directed into the entrance cavity of the wind turbine at an angle close to the direct one to the wind-receiving surfaces of its blades by means of matching aerodynamic devices , And then, with the principle of vortex movement of the air flow retained, to the vent pipe, while the controlled temperature influence on the inclined wind control surfaces ensuring the generation of an artificial rotational vortex-containing wind flow is partly due to direct solar radiation entering through the translucent heat-insulating material, Due to the supply to them of streams of a heated working fluid from solar thermal energy accumulators, where different principles of solar radiation conversion, accumulation and release of their energy are used, and the transformation of previously accumulated solar energy into the temperature flows of the working fluid is carried out outside the said transparent permeable heat-insulating material.

Such a technical solution according to the invention allows air or surface natural wind through air intake means provided, for example, with a breathable material with air-conducting pores or passageways oriented at an appropriate angle to the radial directions of the solar collector, to guide and twist in the first of said successive constituent sections of the annular shape , Forming together a layer of air, enclosed between helio-absorbing surfaces and a light-penetrating heat-insulating material. Further, the air flow, which in particular receives the initial speed of rotation about the axis of the draft duct and the wind turbine, enters the inclined wind control surfaces under the controlled thermal action and acquires a velocity increment predominantly in the direction of its motion at an angle at least to the horizontal Plane. Due to the local windflows formed above each such inclined heated surface or the total wind-flow for all such surfaces located on the first of the constituent parts of the annular air layer, reflect the accelerated air flow at a technologically necessary angle, up to the floor level. In this case, the previously accelerated air stream enters the next inclined heated surface, and so on, making a series of circular turns with successive acceleration in the air ring channel corresponding to the air duct of an infinite, and in fact a necessary, significant length determined by the controlled process of air rotation in it.

Gradually accelerating air flow rises to the upper level of this air ring channel, where the energy content is already significantly increased. From this level, a part of the rotating airflow enters through the corresponding openings to the next same channel parallel to the first one at a certain height distance from the floor where similar heated inclined air guide surfaces are located and the diameter of the rotating air flow therein is less than in the previous one The case. The amount of air flow with a certain volume and energy content that comes from the previous annular channel to the next one is regulated by the corresponding automatic devices, the variants of which are the subject of separate technical solutions.

In connection with the nonstationarity of the heat effect of a pulsed nature on a rotating airflow, stable accompanying processes of vortex formation appear in it. The shapes and location of the axes of these vortices are determined by the created thermodynamic characteristics of the air annular channel, including the shapes of the inclined heated wind control surfaces and the distance between them. For example, the latter can be performed along their length or at the end of them in the form of cylinders containing auxiliary swirling aerodynamic devices. The orientation and power of the created vortices depend on their technological purpose. One of the most important technological designations of the created vortices in air ring areas from air intake means to matching aerodynamic devices located in front of a wind turbine with a vertical axis is the creation of rotation of air flows in planes perpendicular to the surfaces of the air ring channel. In this case, the accelerated air flow rotates along the air annular channel and across it, that is, simultaneously in its horizontal and vertical cross sections.

In connection with the creation of high-speed vortex movements of air in the air layer under the translucent heat-insulating material and at the same time the expediency of using helio-absorbing surfaces of large areas for greenhouse cultivation of cultivated plants, it becomes necessary to isolate the latter from the created wind currents, with ventilating the warm and humid air environment of the greenhouses by means of these wind currents . This process is facilitated by technological lifting of the air ring ducts as their temperature rises from the bottom near the periphery of the solar collector to a significant height in its central part before the incoming rotating vortex-containing air flow through the mating aerodynamic devices into the wind turbine.

From this it follows that the technical solution according to the present invention has other differences besides those mentioned above. In particular, the difference lies in the fact that, by means of a translucent heat-insulating material, concentrically arranged surfaces are created, for example, of a cylindrical shape of a predetermined height, encompassing the axis of the draft duct and the wind turbines and tightly connecting them from above and below the surface, for example in the form of flat rings that form Together, wind-guiding light-permeable ceilings, walls and floors of air annular channels arranged in parallel to each other and with their increasing height from the periphery to the center, in each of which there are inclined wind-guiding heat generating surfaces whose temperature values ​​are set and regulated by the generated energy flows of different thermal intensity, For example, autonomous solar hothouse complexes covered with a translucent thermal insulating material, open water bodies containing water with a natural temperature equal to or exceeding 4 ° C, plants for utilization of plant and food waste generated in the environment, and household As a result of which the speed of the rotating airflow increases consecutively from the periphery to the interfacing aerodynamic devices located in front of the wind turbine, while the heat generating The inclined wind guide surfaces are supplied with a thin layer of heated water and an auxiliary air flow passing through the latter with jets of a small cross section, whereby an effective auxiliary vaporization regime is implemented, which facilitates the acceleration of the energy saturation of the rotating eddy-containing airflow in the created air annular channels.

In addition, there are differences in the fact that the matching aerodynamic devices are created by using heat generating inclined wind control surfaces smoothly conjugated to each other in such a way that their superposition forms air-accelerating and wind-controlling surfaces, for example in the form of conically tapered helical aerodynamic surfaces, including A decrease in the angle of their ascent along the vertical axis as it approaches from the last air ring channel to the input cavity of the wind turbine, the helical aerodynamic surfaces being separated from the surrounding space by means of airtight heat-insulating structures using materials and profiles forming internal aerodynamic surfaces according to the minimization of the friction force of the moving wind turbine High-speed rotating air flow around its axis, while the external energy flows supplied to the aerodynamic screw surfaces are informed of the maximum potential level and deliver the finely dispersed jets of hot water to the latter, thereby accelerating the final rotational and translational motion of the air flow by active vaporization and ensuring the entry of microparticles Water on the wind-receiving surfaces of the blades of the wind turbine, exciting a field of microvortices and quasi-cavitation processes in them.

To clarify the technical solutions that reveal the essence of the invention, the following illustrations are given.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the solar energy conversion in the conventional classical sense, which is to be upgraded according to the present invention as a base for further improvements.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermodynamic airflow swirl, by which acceleration of air movement is achieved, creating an accelerating rotation of the air flow around the axis of the draft duct and the wind turbine and the vortex flows contributing to the energy saturation of the air flow.

3 shows the scheme of the process of energy saturation of the air flow.

4 shows the principle of transferring the sequential rotational motion of the air flow from one air ring channel to another and feeding it to the input of the wind turbine.

The method is carried out as follows.

The helio-absorbent surface 1 ( FIG. 1 ) flows in converging radial directions through the air intake means 2 by the airflow 3 coming from the surrounding space into the interior of the solar collector formed by the translucent heat-insulating material 4 and the helio-absorbing surface. The internal cavity of the solar collector contains a layer of air 3 that performs the functions of the working body in the process of converting the energy of the sun's rays into mechanical energy of the rotational motion of the blades of the wind turbine. The heli-absorbing surface 1 can include soil cultivated areas, reservoirs with water, dark surfaces of solids, Which can be located at different levels in height and at different radial distances from the axis 7 of the air exhaust traction pipe 8.

The solar beams 5, entering the helio-absorbing surfaces 1 through the translucent heat-insulating material 4, are converted into thermal energy and the air layer 3 is heated. Due to the convective process, the heated air layer gradually rises and leaves through the wind turbine 6 to the upper layers of the atmosphere above the air-exhausting pipe, Its volume from the surface surrounding space through the air intake means 2.

If helio-absorbing surfaces 1 are made in such a way that the heating of air in the solar collector is carried out fairly evenly, then in real conditions of solar radiation, the air stream moves through the air intake means, the internal cavity of the solar collector and the air-exhausting traction pipe according to the laws of laminar flow. In this case, the resulting draft in the air outlet pipe and the atmosphere above the pipe is minimal as well as the speed of the air radial flow in the internal cavity of the solar collector, because the convective process under consideration is characterized by inertia. With such air flow arrangement typical for the known solar power plants, the area of ​​the helio-absorbing surface, the solar collector dimensions and the height of the air-exhaust traction pipe at a given design capacity of the solar power plant should be significantly increased.

If, however, the helio-absorbing surface 1 is designed in such a way that the heating of the air under the translucent heat-insulating material is characterized by considerable heterogeneity, with significant temperature gradients, then vortex flows appear in the moving air layer from the air intake means to the wind turbine. The latter can almost completely eliminate the inertia of heat transfer into the moving air environment, which is a very important positive factor. However, the intense temperature saturation of the air moving into the wind turbine is still not a sufficient condition for a significant increase in the efficiency of conversion of solar energy into mechanical energy, since the temperature of the air passing through the wind turbine has only an indirect effect on the magnitude of the forces acting on its blades. The basis of the technical solution according to the present invention is the need to convert, with minimal loss of temperature, helio-absorbing surfaces (in a more general form, heated surfaces) into a high-speed rotating airflow directed to the wind turbine blades at an angle close to the direct (at the optimum angle, taking into account the processes of reflection of the wind flow From the fleeing blade to the incoming one).

In FIGS. 2 and 3, in accordance with such a concept, system flow charts and means are provided that provide for the creation of stable accelerating rotational movements of the air flow and vortex formation therein. By means of the proposed technological schemes and means, it is possible to carry out in a given coordinate a layer of air in the solar collector, rotational and vortex motions thereof with a given orientation of the rotation axes. Since the wind turbine in this case has a vertical axis of rotation, the basic energy motion of the air must be its horizontal rotating motion around the vertical axis 7 with a consequent accumulation of kinetic energy in it from revolution to revolution. Among the local vortex motions with significantly larger angular velocities, the above technological schemes and tools make it possible to create at least three of their types:

• Vortices appearing in planes perpendicular to the main rotating air flow (around the axis of the air discharge pipe and the wind turbine), which contribute to the acceleration of the latter's movement, as is done during the flight of a bullet in a plane perpendicular to the flight path;
• Vortices that appear near helio-absorbing surfaces around axes perpendicular and parallel to them that facilitate the transformation of surface temperature into an increment in the velocity of the main air rotating stream and a decrease in frictional forces between them;
• Vortices that arise at the surfaces of a translucent heat-insulating material that provide a reduction in the coefficient of friction between moving air currents and a translucent heat-insulating material.

Other types of vortex movements can be formed, having their own special technological purposes. Vortices must be created as co-operating with technological processes, and those vortices that arise spontaneously and lead to energy losses should be suppressed.

The process of organizing the rotational-vortex movements of the air stream begins with the passage of air 3 through the air intake means 2 ( FIG. 2 ), which are provided with devices 9 for imparting circular (initial rotational) air movement. These devices can be made by means of a flat rigid material, the surface of which is approximately at an angle of 45 ° to the radial directions. Since the air intake means 2 are located along the periphery of the helio-absorbing surface with intervals or continuously, the air flow enters the solar collector from different sides and creates an initial rotational motion of the air layer with respect to the helio-absorbing surface. If there is a natural surface wind coming into the air intake means 2 from a certain spatial direction, then the speed of the initial rotational movement of the air can be substantially greater or even quite significant, requiring restriction.

Further, the air flow 3 with the initial speed of rotation is applied to the inclined wind direction surfaces 10, which are arranged in the circuit ( FIG. 2 ) in a circle in an amount of 5 pcs. In the virtually formed first air channel. All inclined wind control surfaces generate thermal energy into the incoming flow due to the sunlight 5 coming through them through the light-permeable heat-insulating material 4 and connecting the energy channels 11 which supply the heated working fluid (for example, water) to the accumulators of the thermal energy produced by Solar radiation and corresponding intermediate transformations thereof outside the translucent heat-insulating material (in FIG. 2, this process complex is not shown).

The rotating air stream 3, perceiving the thermal effect from the inclined wind control surfaces, receives a velocity increment, the vector of which is composed of a convective vertical direction and the motion components along the inclined wind direction surfaces 10a, and taking into account the angle of reflection from it of the air flow. Moving further, the accelerated airflow 3 is reflected from a common wind-flow whose functions are carried out by a translucent heat-insulating material, or from local wind-curtain walls located above each inclined wind direction heat-generating surface 10. As a result, the airflow 3 after passing above each Such a surface 10 can be oriented strictly horizontally or with a certain inclination up or down. In addition, each of such surfaces 10 with its local windflow can be made in the form of cylindrical or conical surfaces or contain elements of other surfaces in the composition that contribute to the occurrence of rotational vortex motion in planes perpendicular to the rotating airflow under the translucent heat-insulating material around the air-deflecting axis 7 Pipes 8 and wind turbines 6. The formation of such a vortex motion is facilitated by the formed temperature gradients on the indicated surfaces 10, a and by the introduction of water in the form of microparticles or a thin flowing layer and a water bubbling specially organized auxiliary airflow and a technologically prescribed temperature gradient along the entire air ring channel.

Due to the use of technological schemes and means, air 3, entering through the air intake means 2 and acquiring the initial rotary motion, makes a whole series of revolutions above the inclined air guide and heat generating surfaces 10 in the first air annular channel, receiving in the course of each revolution the impulses of kinetic and thermal energy. In the transient process, the kinetic energy of the rotating vortex-containing air flow increases for each of its turns. When there is a steady rotational-vortex process, the amount of energy entering it for each revolution around the axis 7 is equal to the amount of energy withdrawn (in the form of its volume, velocity and temperature) into the second air annular channel that technologically follows the first one. In the second air ring channel, functionally analogous inclined wind control surfaces 12 are arranged. The latter may differ from the above-discussed surfaces 10 by geometric parameters and shapes, the amount of thermal energy supplied to them, but their technological purpose is preserved. They in the second air annular channel provide further increase in the rotating air flow (around the axis 7) kinetic energy.

FIG. 3 shows the process of energy saturation of the airflow 3 in the first or second air passage by successively transferring the air flow from one inclined wind direction heat generating surface 10 (12) to the other. It is shown that the energy supply channels of the working fluid are connected to the speed regulators 13 of the latter, and through them to the heat accumulators 14, which are located mainly outside the translucent heat-insulating coating 4. Thus, the temperature regime of the surfaces 10 (12 ), Than the modes of rotational and vortical motions of air flow are mainly determined.3 In the figures shown, the movement of air in the vortex processes is not shown. In the above diagram of the energy saturation of the air flow, multiple passage of air above the surfaces 10 (12) is illustrated and reflected from the wind-guiding ceilings 15.

FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the successive thermodynamic acceleration of the rotational motion of an air flow with its successive transition from one horizontal air ring channel to another (three are shown: 21, 22, 23), and then through a vertical channel 24 to the input of the wind turbine 6 and then to The air outlet pipe 8. In each of the channels 21, 22, 23, inclined wind direction heat generating surfaces 10, 12, 16 are installed. The latter can be installed in each channel in one row, in the required quantity, with the arrangement of these rows at different levels in height. If a high solar power conversion power is required, several rows of similar surfaces 10, 12, 16 can be installed in each air annular channel. The sun's rays 5 and the solar thermal storage unit 14, each of which can have different temperature levels in the composition of the unit, heat the inclined wind direction Surfaces 10, 12, 16, and the latter become heat-generating at various potential levels of thermal energy.

In considering the technological aspects in FIGS. 2 and 3 , it was indicated that the air ring ducts are of a virtual nature. This means that due to the placement of the surfaces 10, 12, 16, the choice of their shape and temperature conditions, rotational motions of the air medium around the axis 7 are created with technologically expedient processes of vortex formation in air annular channels that are not separated by material barriers. However, at a certain conversion power of solar energy, the mutual influence of a number of moving air streams with different energy characteristics starts to affect negatively, conditions for the development of parasitic vortex processes are created. In addition, in the case of large areas of solar collectors, it is necessary to use as much of their surface surface as possible for agro-industrial purposes. Powerful air currents in different planes in this case are a hindrance. Therefore, FIG. 4 shows the principle of the formation of air annular channels by means of cylindrical surfaces 17 and windflows 15 of a light-permeable heat-insulating material. The passage of a portion of the volume of airflow from one channel (21, 22, 23, 24) to the other during each revolution thereof is effected by means of apertures 18 and auxiliary devices which are not shown in FIG . The horizontal surfaces are the "floors" that isolate the channels 21, 22, 23 from below, and are not illustrated.

The channel 24 comprises an ascending helical surface 19 which is formed by an aerodynamic coupling installation of inclined wind direction heat generating surfaces. The superposition of the latter makes it possible to form an air rotating whirlwind flow moving vertically, along the axis 7, which enters the wind turbine 6 and further into the air exhausting pipe 8.

The helical aerodynamic and thermodynamic surface 19 is separated from the surrounding space by means of a thermally insulating hollow cone 20 whose inner surface, like the surface 19 itself, is made of high-strength materials with a special relief that provides a significant reduction in energy losses due to friction.

The device implementing the proposed solar energy conversion method, represented in a simplified form in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 , operates as follows.

The helio-absorbent surface 1 is supplemented by dark surfaces 10, 12, 16 formed by flat plates made of steel sheets by means of a soil surface with cultivated plants. These surfaces are placed on the ground base at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane by their first layer and heated by solar radiation (rays) 5 passing through the translucent heat-insulating material 4, and by supplying the energy channels through which the heated working medium is fed, For example, water, for example.

The working fluid, flowing through the heat-conducting channels, for example metal pipes attached to the steel sheets forming the surfaces 10, 12, 16, creates technologically defined temperature gradients along and across the passing airflow.

Air 3 passes through the air intake means 2 under a light-permeable heat-insulating material 4, which is, for example, a polymer film, at an angle to the radial directions so that it receives an initial rotational motion about the axis 7 of the air exhaust traction pipe 8 and the wind turbine 6. This is achieved by Placing 2 flat metal plates at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the radial directions from the periphery to the axis 7. As in this particular device 5 inclined wind control surfaces 10 are used, the number of air intake means 2 arranged in a circle with respect to the axis 7 is set, according to At least 5.

Air in the process of the initial rotational movement enters the inclined wind-guiding heat-generating surfaces 10, rises along them and receives a velocity increment. The thus accelerated air flow moving at an angle to the horizontal plane reaches the wind control beam 15 (FIG. 3) and is reflected to the initial level to the entrance to the next surface 10. This process is repeated for each air layer multiple times and the resulting airflow makes several turns Around the axis 7 above the surfaces 10. As a result, in the air annular channel 21 ( FIG. 4 ) formed, it acquires a technically prescribed kinetic energy value, part of which is transmitted in each revolution as the volume and velocity of the airflow to the next air passage 22, in Which places similar surfaces 12 at a higher level along the vertical axis.

The temperature gradient created in the transverse direction on the surfaces 10 due to the distribution of the specific density of the heated flow of the working fluid creates conditions for the appearance of rotational vortex motion in planes perpendicular to the direction of air flow around the axis 7. This vortex motion accelerates the process of energy saturation of the rotating airflow around the axis 7 And geometrically shapes its cross-section in a common air medium under a translucent heat-insulating material 4.

Similar technological processes occur in the channels 22, 23 ( Fig. 2, 3, 4 ), in which the energy saturation of the air flow is progressively increasing from the channel to the channel, incl. Its kinetic energy.

4 shows that part of the rotating airflow passes (during each revolution) from the previous air annular channel to the subsequent through the openings 18 in the cylindrical wind-guided transparent walls 17. The latter designate the structural boundaries of the channels 21, 22, 23 and are attached to them Transparent perforations 15 and light-permeable canal bottoms (these bottoms are not shown in the figures).

The permeable walls, windings and bottoms 21, 22, 23 are made, for example, by means of a polymer film or thin hardened glass. Light-permeable walls, windflows and bottoms can be performed in a spherical form, in which case the created surfaces of the air annular channels form hollow toroids with controlled openings between them, inside of which kinetic energy of rotating airflows accumulates.

The inclined wind direction heat generating surfaces 12, 16 raised above the ground surface on the support pillars may be cylindrical in shape and integrated as integral components of the toroidal air channel surfaces 21, 22, 23. On their inner surfaces, a relief can be created that facilitates vortex formation in the transverse direction and above Them, that is, as microvortices, which reduce friction losses.

4 shows the process of transfer of airflow from the horizontal channel 23 to the vertical channel 24 adjacent to the upper part to the entrance to the wind turbine 6. Inside the energy air channel 24 is located a helical surface 19 rising along the axis 7 with a decreasing to the top of the angle of ascent. The helical surface 19 is thermally separated from the surrounding space by a conical surface 20 with a minimized resistance to the movement of the air flow.

An adjustable amount of rotating airflow and hence energy is supplied from channel 23 to channel 24 via controlled transmitting devices (with an accelerator-type function). To the position of these devices for a given power take-off to the turbine, the specific traction conditions in the air vent pipe 8 are essential. The volume of rotating air taken from the channel 23 to the wind turbine 6 is transferred through channels 22, 21 to the air intake means 2, which are equipped with means Regulation of air supply (in case of a natural wind of increased speed).

The foregoing confirms the possibility of implementing the proposed technical solution in accordance with the invention. There are many options for implementation.

The technical and economic effectiveness of the proposed method is achieved in the implementation of claim 1, however, the implementation of all the claims allows substantially increasing the efficiency of conversion of solar energy into mechanical and electrical.

CLAIM

1. A method for converting solar energy based on the absorption of sunlight by blackened surfaces of solids and liquid media separated from the surrounding space by a translucent thermal insulating material and a layer of air between the last and named helio-absorbing surfaces and media that is connected to the surrounding space through air intake means With which the portions of said air layer are heated by the sun's rays and due to the convective process, the manifestation of which is enhanced on the local technological areas by means of vortex formation therein, a directed airflow from the air intake means through the air-exhaust traction pipe, characterized in that, with the help of thermal energy generated by the thermal Transforming the sun's rays into a continuous accelerating rotation, the named layer of air enclosed by the translucent thermal insulating material around the vertical axis, due to the formation in it of technologically consistent horizontal air annular channels simulating energetically active ducts of controlled length, and during each revolution of the air layer in its successive The constituent sections of the annular form are produced by combining the periodic pulsed thermal action and smooth temperature gradients by increasing the speed and energy of its rotational motion with the target formation of the vortex formation processes by placing in the space of its rotation the inclined wind control surfaces located under a controlled thermal action that are located at a fixed distance from each other Friend and contain parts of the surfaces of the bodies of revolution, with the use of additional wind control surfaces, which in particular perform the function of local wind ceilings, while from the created The rotating airflow takes away during each turn around the vertical axis part of its replenished volume and stored energy and carries out the process of transfer of airflow from the horizontal channel to a vertical channel that adjoins the upper part to the entrance to the wind turbine at an angle close to the direct one relative to the wind-receiving surfaces of its blades with By means of interfacing aerodynamic devices and then, with the principle of rotational-vortex movement of the air flow retained, to the air-exhausting traction tube, the controlled thermal action on the inclined wind-guiding surfaces providing the generation of the rotating vortex-containing air flow is carried out partly by direct solar radiation entering through the translucent heat-insulating Material, and the other part - due to the controlled supply to them of the streams of the technological working fluid from thermal converters and solar energy accumulators, the conversion of previously accumulated solar energy into the heat fluxes of the working fluid is carried out predominantly outside the said translucent heat-insulating material, thereby increasing the conversion efficiency of the solar Energy into mechanical and electrical.
2. The solar energy conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that, by means of a translucent heat-insulating material, concentrically arranged surfaces are formed, for example, of a cylindrical shape of a predetermined height, encompassing the axis of the draft duct and the wind turbines and tightly connecting them from above and below the surfaces, which together form wind control Light-permeable ceilings, walls and floors of air annular channels arranged parallel to each other with their increasing height from the periphery to the center, in each of which there are inclined wind-guiding heat-generating surfaces whose temperature values ​​are set and regulated by the energy flows of the technological working fluid; For example, autonomous solar hothouse complexes covered with a translucent thermal insulating material, open water bodies containing water with a natural temperature equal to or exceeding 4 ° C, plants for utilization of plant and food waste generated in the environment, and household wastes as waste products in It, which together allow to create the necessary spectrum of flows of technological working body.
3. The solar energy conversion method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the matching aerodynamic devices are created by using heat generating inclined wind direction surfaces smoothly conjugated to each other in such a way that their superposition forms air-accelerating and wind-controlling surfaces, for example in the form of conically tapered helical aerodynamic Surfaces, including a decrease in the angle of their ascent along the vertical axis as they approach the input cavity of the wind turbine, the helical aerodynamic surfaces being separated from the surrounding space by means of airtight Heat-insulating structures with the use of materials and profiles forming internal aerodynamic surfaces under the conditions of minimizing the frictional force of a high-speed rotating air flow around the axis of the wind turbine, supplying fine-dispersed jets of hot water to external energy flows to the aerodynamic screw surfaces, By means of auxiliary steam generation, accelerate the final rotational-translational motion of the air flow and ensure that water microparticles enter the wind-receiving surfaces of the wind turbine blades, thereby excite the field of microvortices and quasi-cavitation processes in them.

print version
Date of publication 23.11.2006гг

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