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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2044231
SOLAR RADIATION COLLECTOR
The name of the inventor: Kadomsky DE; Gordin BI; Gushchin Yu.A. Zitta NF; Tarasov A.D.
Name of patent holder: Research Institute for High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 1992.09.29
Usage: in the technique of direct conversion of energy into electrical energy, in particular in the construction of solar power plants and power plants. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: in order to reduce the contamination of the translucent fencing of solar collector solar cells, the outer fence has an electrically conductive coating and a ground terminal, and the fence itself is mounted on the insulator.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(EN) The invention relates to solar energy converters to thermal and electric, in particular solar collector designs.
A combined solar collector is known comprising a conduit with a heat carrier such as an inert gas or liquid in contact with a current-absorbing element on which photocells are mounted and a translucent enclosure, the heat-absorbing member and guard when concentrating the manifold in the focus of the concentrator.
The disadvantage of the known collector is its reduction in output power by tens of percent due to the contamination of its transparent surface by the dust particles. These pollution are caused by the presence of a constant electric field created by the collector's own electrical potential with respect to the "earth". In powerful solar installations, the collector potential relative to the earth can reach several kilovolts. Contamination of the external surface of the collector causes a decrease in the output electrical and thermal power output from the plant, due to the loss of a part of the light flux, which is associated with a deterioration in the optical characteristics of the header material of the collector.
This disadvantage is eliminated by changing the design of the reservoir.
The purpose of the invention is to change the design, which protects the collector from dust and increases the output power of the collector of the solar installation.
The goal is achieved by the fact that insulators are installed on the shell of the collector, on which an external translucent guardrail is attached, additionally having an outside on the light flux side, an electrically conductive translucent coating on which the ground terminal is mounted.
The outer electrically conductive translucent coating can be made in the form of a rigid mesh made of an electrically conductive material (eg, metal).
If the collector is placed in the focus of the concentrator, the outer conductive coating is installed concentrically to the collector.
The essence of the invention is as follows. In the solar radiation collectors, the light stream, passing through a translucent enclosure that protects the solar collector inside the collector from adverse environmental influences, is utilized in the collector. At the same time, part of the solar energy is converted into electrical energy by means of photoelectric converters located in the collector.
In solar power plant schemes, in order to obtain acceptable electrical powers, photocells in the collectors (and collectors themselves) are connected in series-parallel, so that the electric potential of the photocell (photocells) relative to the "earth" can reach several kilovolts.
Another part of the solar energy is utilized in the heat-absorbing element of the collector. The received heat is transferred to the heat carrier circulating in the collector pipeline and is taken out of the collector for further use for domestic or industrial needs.
The external translucent enclosure of the combined solar radiation collector under the operating conditions will be contaminated by the dust particles that are attracted to the enclosure by electrostatic forces, which are attracted to the enclosure, due to which the solar stream is directly connected to the solar collector, the generated electric and thermal power is reduced.
Indeed, there are always suspended particles in the ambient atmosphere. As a result of natural radiation or in the process of corona- tion of nearby electric air lines, carriers of electric charges appear in the atmosphere, which, when they meet a suspended particle in their path, join it, communicating their charge to it. Electrostatic forces caused by an electric field in the space between the solar collector and the ground or grounded parts of the electrical installation act on the charged particle. Under the action of these forces, charged particles move to the collector, reach the translucent fence and are held on its surface, obscuring the solar collector.
Gradually, on the translucent fence, the layer of opaque particles increases so that the collector's power drops by tens of percent.
To eliminate this effect, a collector is proposed, provided with an additional translucent coating from the conductive material on the light flux side, isolated from the collector and having a ground terminal. This coating should be translucent, as it is installed in the path of the light flux. Since the additional electrically conductive coating is grounded, the solar collector's own electric field closes inside the additional coating. Thus, the directed motion of charged particles to the collector stops, since they will not be affected by the electrostatic force of the electric field strength.
The additional coating should be isolated from the collector so that an electrical potential, different from the collector (in this case the ground potential) can be installed on the coating, for which an insulation (for example, an insulating spacer) is installed.
Additional coating can be performed in a variety of ways:
1) a transparent electrically conductive coating on the outer surface of the outer translucent fence of the collector,
2) a rigid grid of electrically conductive material (eg metal), located on the outside of the collector.
The implementation of an additional coating in the form of a mesh made of electrically conductive material (option 2) is the cheapest, however in areas with a high dust content and strong winds, some part of the dusty charged particles will be blown into the collector, get into its electrostatic field and settle on the translucent fence. Therefore, this option can be used more effectively in relatively clean atmospheric conditions.
It is efficient and relatively inexpensive to carry out an additional coating in the form of an electrically conductive coating on the outer surface of the outer translucent collector fencing (option 1), since in the area of action of electrostatic forces charged dust particles can not penetrate a solid additional coating even under the influence of strong wind.
The authors do not know the design of solar radiation collectors, which have the above-mentioned positive qualities (increase in efficiency, electrical and thermal power, simplification of operation), on the basis of which it can be said that there are significant differences in this (proposed) technical solution.
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In Fig. 1 shows the construction of a flat collector of solar radiation; In Fig. 2 the design of the collector located in the focus of the concentrator.
The collector comprises a conduit 1 with a coolant (liquid or inert gas) contacting the heat-absorbing element 2 on which the photocells 3 are installed, a translucent guard 4 forming a closed cavity 5 with the heat-absorbing element 2.
On the side of the luminous flux of the fence 4 is provided with an additional coating 6 made of a translucent material. The material of the additional coating 6 has the ability to conduct electric current.
The additional electrically conductive coating 6 has an insulation 7 with respect to the manifold body 8 and other elements thereof. In addition, the additional cover 6 has a terminal for grounding 9.
When the collector is flat, all its elements are installed in the housing 8. When placing the collector in the focus of the concentrator 10 (Fig.2), for example parabolic cylindrical, the heat-absorbing element 2, the photocells 3, the translucent enclosure 4 with the additional translucent electrically conductive coating 6 are concentrically mounted to the pipeline 1 and fixed On him.
In the collector, photocells 3 are used, for example semiconductors, based on various modifications of silicon or gallium arsenide. Structurally, photocells can be flat plates or flexible thin films.
The fence 4 is made of a translucent material, for example glass or plastic. The cavity 5 formed by the enclosure 4 and the heat absorbing member 2 can be evacuated or filled with an inert gas or a transparent heat-accumulating chemically neutral liquid.
When the collector is illuminated, an electrical potential arises on its details, the magnitude of which is determined by the number of photocells connected in series. Under the influence of this potential, the charged dust particles in the atmosphere under the action of electrostatic forces can be attracted to the collector and settle on the translucent enclosure 4, worsening its transparency. To prevent contamination of the collector, an electrically conductive translucent coating 6 on which the ground terminal 9 is mounted is additionally applied to the outer surface of the outer translucent enclosure 4. The coating 6 can be made, for example, on the basis of a mixture of tin and indium oxides. The coating 6 can be made in the form of a grid of electrically conductive material, for example, a stainless metal wire with a cell size of 5-10 mm. The diameter of the wire should be minimal in terms of providing mechanical strength in order to provide a high transmittance of the solar flux, for example, the wire diameter can be chosen within the range of 0.15-0.2 mm. Cover 6 with the help of contact 9 is connected to the "ground" (has grounding).
Since the current density caused by the recombination of charged dust particles suitable for the additional coating 6 is negligible, the cross-section S of the conductors connecting the additional coating 6 to the "ground" will be determined only by their mechanical strength, i.e. S> 1-2 mm.
The outer translucent guard 4 with an additional electrically conductive translucent coating 6 has an electrical insulation 7 (FIG. 1) with respect to the manifold. In the flat collector (Figure 1), the shape of the insulating member 7 made of a dielectric, for example a glass-textolite, can be a continuation of the upper part of the housing 8. In the cylindrical collector 8 (Figure 2), the insulation is a dielectric filling the cavity 5 (an inert gas, Chemically neutral liquid or vacuum).
From the ends of the cylindrical collector, the guard 4 with an additional coating 6 is supported by insulating plates made of dielectric and fixed to the pipeline 1.
THE COLLECTOR WORKS AS FOLLOWS:
The solar radiation passing through the fence 4 and the cover 6 is absorbed by the photocells 3 and the heat absorbing elements 2. Part of the energy absorbed by the photocells is converted into electricity, another part into heat and transferred to the heat carrier. The radiation absorbed directly by the heat absorbing element 2 is completely converted to heat and is diverted from the collector by means of a coolant in the pipeline 1. When photocells are in operation around the collector, an electrostatic field is formed that attracts charged dust particles from the surrounding atmosphere. The electrostatic field of the collector is neutralized by connecting an additional conductive coating 6 of the outer translucent enclosure 4 through the ground terminal 9 to the ground. In this case, the electrostatic forces of attraction to the collector do not affect the charged dust particles that are in the surrounding atmosphere.
The effectiveness of the described device depends on the specific designs of the collector and the characteristics of the location of its installation. The greatest effect from the use of the proposed structures arises when using similar structures in the collectors of solar power plants located in areas with a dry climate.
CLAIM
1. A SOLAR RADIATION COLLECTOR comprising a radiation receiver in the form of photocells and installed with a gap with respect to the latter at least one translucent enclosure, characterized in that the outer translucent guard is provided externally with an electrically conductive translucent coating with an earth terminal mounted thereon.
2. A collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive coating is made in the form of a rigid mesh.
3. Collector according to. 1 and 2, characterized in that, with the housing of the collector, the translucent enclosure is fixed to the housing through insulators.
print version
Date of publication 03.02.2007gg
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