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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2154776
HUB FOR SOLAR RADIATION photovoltaic modules
Name of the inventor: Strebkov Dmitry Semenovich; Tver'yanovich Edward V.
The name of the patentee: Strebkov Dmitry Semenovich; Tver'yanovich Edward V.
Address for correspondence: 109456, Moscow, 1st Veshnyakovskaya etc. 2, VIESH, ONTI and patenting.
Starting date of the patent: 1998.12.02
The invention relates to a solar engineering, in particular to the creation of solar concentrators of solar photovoltaic modules and their base stations. Concentrator for solar radiation consists of photovoltaic modules optically transparent material and has a larger radiation entrance surface and a radiation exit surface smaller, limited lateral walls symmetrical parabolic reflective coatings. New in the hub is that the side walls have reflective coatings with variable thickness of optically transparent material with an extension to the radiation exit surface. The hub may have an axis or plane of symmetry. The invention allows to increase the uniformity of illumination of the radiation exit surface, thereby increasing the conversion efficiency, increase the concentration of the radiation on the exit surface, to reduce the weight of the hub due to the smaller number of optical material necessary for its production.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a solar engineering, in particular to the creation of solar concentrators of solar photovoltaic modules and their base stations.
Known solar radiation concentrator (analogs) made as a reflecting mirror symmetric walls that have a cross-sectional profile of a parabola, oriented at an angle to the feature symmetry axis (see. US patent N 3923381 from 12.02.75, nats.kl. 350/293 , 126/271, 350/294). Hubs made from the above the cross-sectional profile can have an axis of symmetry and being made in the form of bodies of revolution (Fauconnier) or the plane of symmetry have to be executed and the trough-shaped (focline). The principle of operation of such hubs is that the solar radiation that has come to the entrance surface of the radiation within the double parametric angle, will pass through the radiation exit surface which is smaller than the entrance surface. Thus these hubs can operate in a stationary condition, until the sun is within the parametric double angle. The disadvantages of such concentrators with their work in conjunction with photovoltaic solar cells are low concentrations, defined by the formulas:
foclines K for fl = 1 / sin 
, (1)
Fauconnier for K fc = 1 / sin 2 (2)
Where - Parametric angle. To actually used parametric angles = 15-25º concentrations of K fl = 3.8 - 2.3, K fc = 15 - 5.6.
Another disadvantage is the large unevenness of illumination light output surface where installed solar cells, which negatively affects their work, reducing the efficiency of conversion of sunlight into electricity (see. Tver'yanovich EV Experimental study of optical-power characteristics of Fauconnier, Sat solar concentrators for photovoltaic power plants, Energoatomisdat, TsPNTOEiEP, 1986, pp. 11-14).
Known Hub (prototype) solar modules for fotoelekricheskih consisting of an optically transparent material and having a large light input surface and a lower surface of the light output, which are limited to symmetrical parabolic side walls with reflective coatings (see US Pat. N 4,029,519 of 14.06.77, nat . Cl. 126/270, RS 136/89, 126/271).
The disadvantages of the prior art are:
The extreme unevenness of illumination output surface, depending on the current value of the deflection angle of the solar radiation from the axis of symmetry of the hub. For values of tilt angles of the sunlight, close to the parametric angle, solar radiation is actually going to point the focus of a high degree of concentration (a few tens or hundreds). For example, non-uniformity of irradiance for these types of hubs, defined as the ratio of maximum density to the surface of the output irradiance minimum values may be 12 or more. Uneven illumination output surface of the negative impact on the solar photovoltaic cells, reducing their efficiency. Therefore, the photovoltaic modules with such hubs is not used throughout the possible range of the parametric double angle, and used approximately 80% of this angle, thereby reducing the operational capability.
Such concentrators are heavy because of the large amount of an optically transparent material, because the the entire inner surface of the hub is filled with an optically transparent material, which increases the cost of their cost.
Furthermore, such concentrators have low concentrations, although slightly higher than that of the hollow hub as described above, since in the formulas (1, 2) for sun deviation from the symmetry axis (impact position) on the corners 15 - 25 o, parametric angle is reduced to the angle of refraction in an optically transparent material.
The invention solves the following technical problems: increases the uniformity of illumination of the radiation exit surface, thereby increasing the conversion efficiency increases the concentration of the radiation on the exit surface, reduces the weight of the hub due to the smaller number of optical material necessary for its production.
To achieve this result, the side walls are symmetrical parabolic variable thickness of optically transparent material with an extension to the radiation exit surface, wherein a cross-section of the walls is curved wedge formed by parabolic walls deployed relative to each other around the top of the wedge, wherein the inner walls are transparent. The hub may have an axis of symmetry and can be formed as a body of revolution. Symmetrical side walls are coated with reflecting and may have a plane of symmetry, and the hub can be formed trough.
The features distinguishing from the closest known solution according to US patent N 4029519, are as follows:
The optically transparent material does not fill the entire internal cavity of the hub and forms a wall of varying thickness with the extension to the light exit surface, wherein a cross-section of the walls is curved wedge formed by parabolic walls deployed relative to each other around the top of the wedge, while the inner wedge walls are transparent radiation input. Thus, proposed is a hollow hub, which reduces the weight and cost. The hub has a larger radiation entrance surface and light exit surface smaller.
The wedge optical radiation is reflected by the wall repeatedly, which leads to averaging of irradiance at the output surface, where the solar cells are installed, which increases the efficiency of conversion of sunlight into electricity.
The hub may have an axis of symmetry and being designed as a rotational body or the hub may have a plane of symmetry and being formed trough. When the axis of symmetry significantly increases the concentration at the plane of symmetry of the hub can operate throughout the year without tracking the sun, thus to have greater concentrations than in the prototype.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of the proposed concentrator and sunlight passing therethrough.
solar concentrator photovoltaic module comprises an optically transparent material and one has a larger radiation entrance surface 2 and lower surface 3 of the radiation output, limited lateral symmetrical parabolic walls 4 and 5 with a reflecting coating 6 and 7. The symmetrical parabolic side walls 4 and 5 are made variable the thickness t of the optically transparent material 1 with extension 3 for radiation exit surface, wherein a cross-section of the walls is curved wedge formed by parabolic walls 4, 5 and 8, 9, deployed relative to each other around the top of the wedge an angle 
, The inner walls 8 and 9 are transparent.
Also in FIG. 1 shows: the parametric angle ; angles of incidence and refraction i 1, r 1, i 2, etc .; the surface normal n; the angle of total internal reflection r t; the diameters of the entrance surface of the surface D and d of the radiation output; Hub height H.
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FIG. 2 shows a hub 10 having an axis of symmetry and arranged in the form of a body of revolution.
FIG. 3 shows a hub having a plane of symmetry 11 and made trough.
Module works as follows: the solar radiation (shown as arrows) comes to the entrance surface 2, extends into the hub to an optically transparent material 1. Consider the progress productively selected beam L 1. The beam L 1 falls on the inner transparent wall 8 (9) at an angle i 1 is refracted and enters the optically transparent material at an angle r 1 is reflected further by the angle i 2 from the outer wall 4 (5) via the reflection layer 6 (7) and returns to a transparent inner wall 8 (9) under r t angle of total internal reflection. Thus, the study does not extend beyond the inner wall and is transparent within the optically transparent material layer 1, the wall 8 pereotrazhayas (9) to the wall 4 (5). Since the wall thickness t to increase the radiation exit surface 3, the radiation on the optically transparent material 1 is sent to the surface of the exit 3 both in expanding fiber. To radiation remains optically transparent material 1, it is necessary that the angle is equal to r t
r t = arc sin 1 / n, (3)
where n - refraction index of transparent material 1 optically.
After 1 h the beam came to an inner surface of a transparent angle r t, further all angles, such as angle i 3 will be larger than the angle r 1, because variable thickness t expands to the radiation exit surface 3. Multiple reflection of radiation from the walls leading to the homogenization of the illumination surface 3 outputs, which creates more favorable conditions of the solar cells in the entire range of parametric double angle.
Example of embodiment of the proposed concentrator made of organic glass with a refraction coefficient n = 1,49. The cross-section has the dimensions: D = size of 44 mm, H = 45 mm, d = 16; Sun angle deviation of 25 o, parametric angle = 25º; curved wedge of optically transparent material at the exit surface has a thickness t = 7 mm, the optical wedge is formed by rotating the parabola of the outer wall 4 (5) at an angle = 5,5º; the coefficient of uneven illumination output surface at the maximum emission angle deviation of not more than 2; cross-sectional area of an optically transparent material, is proportional to the mass of the hub is 13.5 cm 2, the average concentration on the outlet surface focline 4 to 16 focon; efficient use of tilt angles of the solar radiation from the axis of symmetry of the hub is ± 25 o, that is effectively use the entire range of parametric angle averaged light-emission output surface.
For hub made on a prototype of the same optical material and with the same angle deviation ± 25 o, parametric angle is = Sin25 / n = 16,5º, radiation concentration for focline focon 3.5 to 12.5, illuminance unevenness exit surface 12 and a cross-sectional area defining a hub mass be 52 cm 2, the effective angle of the concentrator 16-20 o, the effective angle of the concentrator ± 20 o (80% from 25 o).
Thus, the proposed hub is almost 6 times more uniform light output surface where installed solar photovoltaics, which increases their efficiency and can operate over the entire range of parametric angle = 25º, has a higher concentration of radiation.
CLAIM
1. The solar concentrator for photovoltaic modules, consisting of an optically transparent material and having a larger radiation entrance surface and a lower surface of the output radiation, which are bounded by side walls with a symmetrical parabolic reflective coatings, characterized in that the walls are symmetrical parabolic variable thickness of optically transparent material extension to the radiation exit surface, wherein the inner walls are transparent.
2. The hub of claim 1, wherein said symmetrical side walls have an axis of symmetry and the hub is designed as a body of revolution.
3. The concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls are symmetrical plane of symmetry and the concentrator is a trough.
print version
Publication date 03.02.2007gg
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