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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2194834
LIFE-SUPPORT COMPLEX ON SOLAR ENERGY
The name of the inventor: Isachkin Anatoly Fedorovich
The name of the patent holder: Isachkin Anatoly Fedorovich
Address for correspondence: 188650, Leningrad region, Sertolovo 1, st. Shkolnaya, 1, ap. 29, to AF Isachkin
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.03.16
The invention relates to construction, in particular to devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. The technical result is the provision of normal living conditions in places of increased energy loads from external influences. The complex consists of an area of the hangar type of the required area, which includes residential and industrial premises, repair shops, livestock and agricultural premises, a solar power plant, solar collectors and a biogas plant from livestock and agricultural waste, with collectors installed on Parts of the roof, the rest, transparent to sunlight, is used for crop lighting, the collectors and the transparent part are arranged in alternating strips. In places where solar rays pass through the roof, reflectors are installed that distribute light on crops. To increase the efficiency in the power plant, in addition to the heat of the sun's rays, the heat of combustion of biogas and / or dry waste of agricultural plants is used.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to heat engineering, namely to devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy.
On Earth, there are places where people almost do not live, for example deserts, deserts occupy more than 17 million square kilometers, more than 10% of all land. People do not live in these places because of extreme natural conditions, during the day 50-60 o C, at night a strong cold. At the same time, on Earth, wars are constantly occurring because of the living space.
Man has long been using solar energy, but mainly for heating and hot water.
The research department of the Dutch firm Phillips is one of many scientific organizations engaged in studying and testing methods of accumulating solar energy in practical conditions. There is an experimental single-family rural house with solar heating. The energy needs of a family of four are modeled by two mini-computers that regulate the heating system and simultaneously process the data. Electricity is used to illuminate, prepare food, drive pumps and other needs, and the energy to provide 24 ° C in the rooms is provided by the Sun. Solar collectors are located on the south side of the roof at an angle of 48 o . On a total area of 20 m 2 there are 18 modules, which contain 18 vacuum glass tubes and a prefabricated pipe. 324 such collectors transmit solar energy to water, the temperature of which reaches 95 o C. The thermal battery located in the basement consists of three tanks of a heat pump and an underground heat exchanger. (See Yu. Teldeshi, Yu. Lesny "The World Is Searching for Energy", publishing house MIR, Moscow, 1981, p. 238, pic.107 and 108).
Such a solar system saves energy for heating residential premises, but it can not fully provide the energy necessary for life, that is, it needs more electricity or some kind of fuel.
Well-known hangar-type premises, which can be built on unlimitedly large areas. These premises are quite cheap, easy and quick to assemble, and most importantly they allow creating inside the premises any artificial climate necessary for human, animal and plant life, regardless of the natural conditions from the outside of the premises.
The goal is to provide normal living conditions even in deserts, using only the energy of the Sun.
For this purpose, the "Life-support complex on solar energy" is used, consisting of a hangar-type room of the required area, in which a part of the premises is residential, there are production premises, repair shops, livestock premises, the rest of the area is used for cultivating agricultural lands, to provide the energy complex there is a " Power plant on solar energy, "the thermal energy for which is obtained in the" solar collectors "installed on the roof of the room, which transmit the energy of the sun to the heat carrier, and he transfers this energy to the" Power plant ... ", where more than 10% is converted In the electricity.
Solar collectors are installed on the roof part, while the rest of the roof, which is transparent to sunlight, is used for illumination when growing agrarian plants, for even lighting, solar collectors and a transparent part are arranged in alternating strips. In the places of passage of sunlight through the roof are installed reflectors, evenly distributing the light on the selhas.
There is also an installation for biogas production, using waste from agriculture and livestock. The heat of combustion of biogas and / or the heat of burning of dry waste of agrarian plants is used to overheat the working substance, in addition to the heat of the sun's rays, which significantly increases the efficiency of the installation. (Since only solar energy comes to the complex from the side, biogas and combustible waste of agrarian plants are a product of solar energy.)
In the "Life Support Complex ...", as it is protected from extreme desert weather, it is possible to create the most favorable conditions for the cultivation of agricultural products and livestock products, while agricultural products in the form of grain and fruits can be obtained up to 100 kg with 1 m 2 per year, And green mass up to 500 kg with 1 m 2 per year.
In production facilities, material values can be produced from local or other materials, and agricultural and livestock products can be processed. In the workshops, products necessary for the existence and for the repair of the premises and equipment of the complex can be produced.
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Thus, the "Life Support Complex ..." located in the building of the hangar type with the size of 100x100 m, the area of which is 10000 m 2 , in which the area of "Solar collectors" occupies 80% of the total roof area, which is 8000 m 2 , using solar heat Rays with an efficiency factor of 0.9, with a power of solar rays of about 1 kW per 1 m 2 , which can be for 6 ÷ 8 hours per day, and even 6 ÷ 8 hours a day, when the power of the rays is about 0.4-0, 5 kW per 1 m 2 , will receive about 75,000 kWh of thermal energy during the day. This heat is transported to the power plant with an efficiency of about 15%, resulting in about 11250 kWh of electricity with an average daily output of about 450 kW or in the daytime, when it is possible to produce more electricity, the capacity will be 600 ÷ 700 KW, and in the hours when there is no Sun, 200 ÷ 300 kW, of which the "Life Support Complex ..." itself can consume about 50-100 kW, and about 500 kW in the daytime and 200 kW in the rest of the time can be supplied to the world energy system. From the above, it can be seen that the "Life-support complex on solar energy" will not only be able to provide normal living conditions even in the most extreme conditions of the desert, but also will be able to provide electricity to the world energy system. In Fig. 1 shows the "Solar energy life support complex" (in Figure 1a, b is a general view, in Figure 1c is a view in arrow A, in Figure 1c is a section along the BB; in Fig. 1d, a callout I. |
"The life-support complex on solar energy" consists of a room of 1 hangar type of the necessary area, solar collectors 2, openings 3, transparent for sun rays, reflectors 4, residential premises 5, industrial premises 6, repair shops 7, rooms 8 for livestock, premises 9 For agrarian plants, power plant 10, storage tanks 11 for the power plant 12, for the production of biogas from livestock and agricultural waste, while the solar collectors 2 and transparent openings 3 are arranged in alternating bands and the reflectors 4 are located under the transparent apertures 3 so that the light is uniformly Fell on the selhaus.
"THE LIFE-SUPPORT COMPLEX ON SOLAR ENERGY" WORKS AS FOLLOWING
On the roof of the building 1 of the complex, the sun's rays fall, the heat energy of which is perceived by the coolant in the solar collectors 2. This heat is transferred through the heat-insulated pipelines to the power plant 10, where part of this heat energy is transferred to the working substance, and some of it is supplied with a coolant to the storage tank 11 for Use at night.
The working substance, taking heat from the coolant, evaporates, then it is additionally heated by the biogas burning heat and / or the heat of combustion of the dry waste of agricultural plants, which considerably increases the efficiency of the power plant, then the energy received by the working substance in the power plant is partially transformed into electricity, and the remainder Cooler is carried to the environment. People live in room 5, and in room 9 (as it is protected from extreme desert weather), it is possible to create the most favorable conditions for cultivating agricultural lands. At the same agricultural products can be received up to 100 kg with 1 m 2 per year, and green mass - up to 500 kg with 1 m 2 per year.
In production room 6, material values may be produced from local or other materials, and agricultural and livestock products may be processed. In workshops 7, products necessary for the existence and for repairing the premises and equipment of the complex can be manufactured. Plant 12 produces biogas from livestock and agricultural waste and is further used to generate electricity.
All this together allows us to ensure normal living conditions even in the desert.
CLAIM
1. The life-support complex on solar energy, characterized by the fact that it consists of a hangar-type room, the necessary area, which includes a dwelling, a production room, repair shops, an animal husbandry room and a room for farming, a solar power plant, solar collectors for The roof of the room and the installation of biogas from livestock and agricultural waste, while solar collectors are installed on the roof part, and the rest of the roof, transparent to sunlight, is used for illumination in the cultivation of agricultural landscapes, and for uniform illumination, the collectors and the transparent part are alternating strips .
2. The life-support complex on solar energy in accordance with paragraph 1, characterized by the fact that in places where solar rays pass through the roof, reflectors are installed that distribute light uniformly on the plantations.
3. The life-support complex on solar energy according to clauses 1 or 2, characterized in that in the power plant, to increase the efficiency by heating the working substance, in addition to the heat of the sun's rays, the heat of combustion of biogas and / or the heat of combustion of dry waste of agricultural plants, which are products Solar energy.
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Date of publication 08.02.2007gg
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