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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2270964
Solar energy module for converting the received electromagnetic radiation SYSTEM AND ITS ORIENTATION
Name of the inventor: Anisimova Svetlana (RU); Murashev Vladimir (RU); Vadim Ivanovich Shadrin
The name of the patentee: State Unitary Enterprise "SPA Astrophysics"
Address for correspondence:. 125424, Moscow, Volokolamskoye Highway 95, State Unitary Enterprise "SPA Astrophysics"
Starting date of the patent: 2004.07.06
The invention relates to solar energy and can be used in solar plants for the direct conversion of solar energy. A PV module for converting received electromagnetic radiation comprises poryadno abutment surface located on the supporting structure rectangular solar panels with side reflectors mounted obliquely to the photosensitive surface of the panels. The inter-row spacing is further incorporated last thermal collectors mounted at the side reflectors on the solar panel support surface support structure, wherein the side reflectors in solar panels are made of translucent plates form a reflective coating, selective for the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation being converted. Furthermore, side reflectors solar panels are made optically transparent to infrared solar spectrum. The invention should improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion of the received electromagnetic radiation and increase the field of view of the system solar power module orientation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to solar energy and can be used in solar plants for the direct conversion of solar energy.
Known devices comprising solar panels, which carry out the conversion of solar energy into electricity, ohm. eg. Pat. 5647915, US, IPC E 04 D 13/18; Pat. 2127008, Russia, the IPC H 01 L 31/05; Pat. 5697192, US, IPC E 04 D 13/18, H 01 L 31/048.
A disadvantage of such devices is the relatively low efficiency of the solar panels of the low density of the solar radiation coming onto the photosensitive surface of these panels.
Known photovoltaic modules, which are equipped with different concentrators that increase the efficiency of solar panels, see, for example, Pat.2137258, Russia, the IPC H 01 L 31/042.; Pat.2130669, Russia, the IPC H 01 L 31/042, 31/18.
The closest to the technical nature of the present invention, selected by the authors as a prototype, is a PV (photovoltaic) module comprising a support structure with fixed on it with solar panels and rectangular solar radiation concentrators, see. Eg, US Pat. 2133415, Russia, IPC F 24 J 2/42, 2/08, H 02 N 6/00.
Known solar power system orientation module includes a sun tracking associated with the bearing structure output, a photoelectric sensor, an optically matched with its input converted source of electromagnetic radiation and the output connected to the input of the tracking unit, see. Pat. 2222755, Russia, INC F 24 J 2/14, 2/42.
The disadvantages of the above technical solutions is their reduced performance:
1) Relatively low efficiency of conversion of electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy due to additional heating of the solar panels of the radiation reflected from the hub, which is sent to the panel is not only useful (ultraviolet and visible) part, and IR part of the spectrum of the input radiation range, which reduces the efficiency of the photoelectric conversion of the solar radiation.
2) A relatively small field of view of the orientation of the system, due to the small angular size of the receiving area of the photoelectric sensor.
With the proposed invention achieves technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of photoelectric conversion of the received electromagnetic radiation and to increase the field of solar power system module orientation.
In accordance with the present invention the above object is achieved in that the solar energy module for converting the received electromagnetic radiation, comprising poryadno disposed on a support surface supporting structure solar panels of rectangular shape with side reflectors mounted obliquely to the photosensitive surface panels interrow spaces latter additionally introduced thermal collectors mounted at the side reflectors on the solar panel support surface support structure, wherein the side reflectors solar panels are in the form of translucent plates with a reflective coating, selective for the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation being converted.
Furthermore, side reflectors solar panels are made optically transparent to solar radiation infrared spectrum.
Furthermore, the amount of scavenging surface area imposed thermal collectors is the sum of all areas of the projections of the side reflectors on the solar panel support surface supporting structure.
The orientation of the system, including tracking unit coupled output to the supporting structure, the first photoelectric sensor, an optically matched its input to the source of the converted electromagnetic radiation, and the output is connected to the first input of the tracking unit, entered the second photoelectric sensor, connect the output to a second input provided on tracking unit, the first and second photoelectric sensors are mounted under the side reflectors of one of the solar panels of mirror-symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the latter symmetry and the aforementioned side reflectors are provided channels for the passage of the optical signal in optical conjugation input of the first and second photoelectric sensors with disorientation module a source of electromagnetic radiation, respectively converted through the side panel solar reflector located opposite the corresponding photoelectric sensor.
Furthermore, the first and second photoelectric sensors are located in regions of the solar panel joints and bases its lateral reflectors.
Furthermore, the first and second photoelectric sensors are secured in the brackets mounted on the supporting surface of the supporting structure.
In addition, solar power system further comprises orientation module vignetting device as protective visors, mounted in front of the photoelectric sensor inputs.
In addition, the tracking unit includes two amplifiers electric signal, a control unit, a reversible motor, clutch and gearbox, and the input electric signal amplifiers connected to the outputs of the first and second photoelectric devices (sensors), amplifier outputs an electrical signal electrically connected to the block input control output of which is connected to the windings of the reversible motor kinematically linked through the clutch and the gearbox to the supporting structure.
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1 schematically shows a general view of the module for converting solar power electromagnetic radiation. Flowchart solar power system module shown in Figure 2 orientation. The course of sunlight via solar power module elements and elements of its guidance system at different angles of error is shown in Figure 3. A PV module (see FIG. 1) includes a support structure 1, on a support surface which the solar panels are fixed two lateral rectangular shape with three reflectors. |
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Side reflectors 3 are mounted obliquely with respect to the photosensitive surface of the panels and installed in two inter-row spacing panel 2. Side reflectors 3 are formed as semitransparent plates with a reflective coating, selective for the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation being converted. The side reflectors 3 are made transparent to the emission spectrum of the input infrared.
3 under the side reflectors solar panels 2 on the support structure carrier surface 1 has thermal collectors 4. The amount of surface area of absorbing thermal collectors 4 is the sum of all areas of the projections of the side reflectors 2 of solar panels 3 on the support structure carrier surface 1.
In one of the docking areas solar panels 2 and its lateral bases 3 two reflectors mounted photovoltaic device (transducer) targeting system 7 (see FIG. 2), the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the tracking unit 5, the output of which is kinematically connected to the rotating platform 6 carrying 1 design.
The proposed solar power module operates as follows.
If done correctly orienting the support structure 1 to the source of electromagnetic radiation (sun) input radiation falls on a solar panel 2, and on all side reflectors 3 reflected from the side reflectors 3 light enters the solar panels 2 and provides additional illumination of the photosensitive surface of the panels 2 .
To maximize the exposure of additional solar panels 2 from the side reflectors 3 requires that all rays received on the side reflectors 3, illuminates the entire surface of the photosensitive panels 2.
As seen from the drawing (Figure 3a), the desired transverse dimension of the side reflector 3 (DC) is determined from the formula for the sine oblique triangle BDC:
DC = Sun sin (2 
-90 °) / sin (90 ° - )
where the sun - the transverse dimension of the solar panel 2,
- The angle of the side reflectors 3.
As shown below, the angle selected on the basis of the requirements of the angular size of the field of view of the orientation system.
The spectral range of solar radiation, which is delivered directly to the solar panel 2, much broader range of spectral sensitivity of these panels. A part of the solar spectrum corresponding to the spectral sensitivity of the solar panel 2 is converted into an electric current, the IR spectrum of the solar radiation heats the working surface of the panels 2, which reduces the efficiency of photoelectric conversion.
Radiation which enters the solar panel 2 is reflected from the side reflector 3 does not contain the IR component, since reflective coating side reflectors 3 performed selectively, namely reflects only the visible and ultraviolet portion of the solar radiation. Further heating the working surface of the solar panels 2 on the radiation reflected from the side reflector 3 does not occur.
The side reflectors 2 of solar panels 3 are made transparent to infrared portion of solar radiation spectral range, so the IR radiation fed to the heat absorbing surface 4 collector installed under the side reflectors on the supporting surface 3 bearing structure 1.
Amount surface area absorbing thermal collectors 4 is chosen equal to sum of the areas of the projections of the side reflectors on the supporting surface 3 bearing structure 1, all infrared radiation which has arrived at the side reflectors, used to heat the thermal collector thermal collector 4. All 4 mounted under the side reflectors 3 are interconnected in series and passes them through the water or other heat transfer fluid flowing to the consumer.
solar power module orientation system (see FIG. 2) comprises a tracking unit 5 associated with the release of the supporting structure 1, two photoelectric sensors 7, optically interfaced with their inputs to a source of electromagnetic radiation to be converted, and outputs connected to the inputs of the tracking unit 5. Both photoelectric sensor 7 mounted under the side of one of the reflectors 3, two solar panels specularly symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the latter.
The lateral reflectors above the channels 3 are provided for the passage of the optical signal in optical conjugation or the second input of the first photoelectric sensors 7 at a source unit disorientation transformed electromagnetic radiation reflector side respectively through three solar panel 2 located opposite to the respective photoelectric transducer 7.
The first and second sensors 7 photovoltaic solar panel placed in areas of joints and bases its two side reflectors 3 and 8 are secured in the brackets mounted on the support structure carrier surface 1.
Before photoelectric sensors 7 mounted device vignetting in the form of protective visors 9, the slope of the sun visor 9 each photoelectric sensor 7 relative to the reference surface of the support structure 1 is equal to the angles of inclination of the lines BD or AC (at 3 angles DBC and ACB), connecting the photoelectric sensor 7 a peripheral region of the opposite side of the reflector 3 (farthest area from the solar panel 2). Such visors 9 protect against direct sunlight, but do not prevent passing on the photoelectric sensor 7 rays reflected from any point on the opposite side of the reflector 3.
tracking unit 5 includes two amplifier of the electrical signal 10, the control unit 11, a reversible motor 12, clutch 13 and gear 14, amplifier inputs of the electrical signal 10 are connected to the outputs of the first and second photodetectors 7, amplifier outputs an electric signal 10 are electrically connected to the inputs control unit 11, whose output is connected to the windings of the reversible motor 12 is kinematically connected through the coupling 13 and gear 14 with the rotating platform 6, the support structure 1.
solar power system orientation in azimuth module operates as follows. Orientation solar power module in elevation is not required, as well as at high angles of disagreement on this coordinate shading side reflectors 3 solar panels 2 is not happening.
If the normal to the surface of a photosensitive solar panel solar power module 3 NN coincides with the direction to the sun, the light input streams indicated in the figure (3a) with solid lines, reflected from both lateral reflectors AB and CD (dashed line) is completely light-cured photosensitive surface of the solar the panel 2. The light on the photoelectric sensors 7 is not received. The error signal at the output of the photoelectric sensor 7 is absent.
Nn The line in Figure 3 denotes the normal to the side reflectors 3.
In case of inconsistency in the direction of the sun and the axis of sight solar power module, for example, when the input sun's rays come in the photosensitive surface of solar panels at an angle 2 
the NN to normal, the light beam reflected by the reflector 3 side (the DC), will move to the photosensitive surface of the panel 2 (Figure 3B).
Part of the reflected radiation falls on the opposite side of the reflector 3 (AB) and via a channel for the passage of the light rays arrive at the input of the photoelectric transducer 7 (B).
Photoelectric sensor 7 by the action of incoming light radiation it will generate an error signal which goes through an amplifier 10 to the input of the control unit 11, which transmit a control signal to the reversible motor 12 windings.
The rotor of the motor 12 under the influence of the control signal starts to rotate, causing a reversal of the turntable 6, the supporting structure 1. The direction of rotation is determined by the number of the photoelectric sensor 7, which entered the error signal. Turn the rotary platform 6 bearing structure 1 is produced as long as the photoelectric sensor 7 generates an error signal.
It should be noted that when the solar power unit portion of the electric current produced by solar panels 2 is supplied to the power supply for charging (in the drawings is not shown) for further use in an orientation system.
As seen from the drawing (Figure 3c), an input beam having a mismatch with the normal NN, equal to (2a-90 °), after reflection from the side of the reflector 3 is parallel photosensitive surfaces of the solar panel 2 and is incident on the photoelectric detector 7. If the slope of the input rays is more reflected rays pass above photoelectric sensor 7, the error signal at the output of the sensor 7 will not.
Therefore, the angle (2a-90 °) field of view is the angular orientation of the system in azimuth. In the known system, the orientation of the field of view is determined by the angular size of the photoelectric sensor, which is significantly less than the above value.
In a solar power module, increase in the density of the luminous flux on the photosensitive surface of solar panels increases the thermal load on these panels and a corresponding reduction in the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
The proposed solar power module of increased density of the photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly higher emission, because used therein dividing circuit input radiation in spectral composition eliminates the side reflectors increase the heat flow supplied to the solar panel, improving the overall radiation density on these panels.
Therefore, the proposed technical solutions provide by using the positive technical result consists in improving performance, namely to increase the efficiency of photoelectric conversion of the received electromagnetic radiation, and to increase the field of solar power system module orientation.
Currently, based on applications made at the enterprise model sample of solar power modules and conducted its field tests, which confirmed the attainment of the above-mentioned technical result.
CLAIM
1. A PV module for converting the received electromagnetic radiation, comprising poryadno disposed on a support surface supporting structure solar panels of rectangular shape with side reflectors mounted obliquely to the photosensitive surfaces of the panels in the inter-row spaces of the latter, characterized in that it further comprises a heat collector installed under a side reflectors solar panels on the support structure carrier surface, wherein the side reflectors in solar panels are made of translucent plates form a reflective coating, selective for the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation being converted.
2. The solar energy module of claim 1, characterized in that the side panels are made of solar reflectors optically transparent to infrared solar spectrum.
3. The solar energy module of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sum of the areas of absorbent surfaces imposed thermal collectors is the sum of all areas of the projections of the side reflectors on the solar panel support surface supporting structure.
4. The solar power system module orientation made according to claim 1, converted to a source of electromagnetic radiation, comprising a tracking unit, connected with the output of the supporting structure, the first photoelectric sensor, an optically matched with its input converted source of electromagnetic radiation, a first output connected to the input of block tracking, characterized in that it further comprises a second photoelectric sensor connected output to a second input provided on the tracking unit, the first and second photoelectric sensors are mounted under the side reflectors of one of the solar panels of mirror-symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the latter symmetry, and above the side reflectors are provided channels for the passage of the optical signal at the optical input interfacing first and second photoelectric sensors with the disorientation of the module with the source of electromagnetic radiation to be converted, respectively, by the side of the solar panel reflector located opposite the corresponding photoelectric sensor.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein said first and second photoelectric sensors are located in regions of the solar panel joints and bases its lateral reflectors.
6. The system of claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the first and second photoelectric sensors are secured in the brackets mounted on the supporting surface of the supporting structure.
7. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a device in the form of vignetting protective visors, mounted in front of the photoelectric sensor inputs.
8. A system according to claim 4, characterized in that the tracking unit includes two electrical signal amplifier, a control unit, a reversible motor, clutch and gearbox, and the electrical signal inputs of amplifiers connected to the outputs of the first and second photodetectors, amplifiers outputs electric the signal inputs are electrically connected to the control unit, whose output is connected to the windings of the reversible motor kinematically linked through the clutch and the gearbox to the supporting structure.
print version
Publication date 10.02.2007gg
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