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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2147358
AUTOMATIC SOLAR RECEIVER
Name of the inventor: Kolesnikov Konstantin Dmitrievich
The name of the patentee: Kolesnikov Konstantin Dmitrievich
Address for correspondence: 443100, Samara, ul.Molodogvardeyskaya, 215 kv.94, Kolesnikov KD
Starting date of the patent: 1998.10.06
Automatic receiver can be widely used as an autonomous source of energy in the lower latitudes with a lot of sunny days with the intensity of the solar flux of 1 kW / m 2. receiver design, consisting of a system of two co-axial parabolic mirrors with a common focus, the two rotary mechanisms for horizontal and vertical turning mirrors with electric drives, flexible optical fiber, one end of which is free to move in a stationary light guide which directs light energy to the consumer, and a control system consisting of two consecutive follow-up systems for vertical and horizontal turning mirror system while tracking the sun moving across the sky during the day, the sensor light intensity, logic block, consisting of two relays and performs launch function, stop, reverse and refresh the memory of the duration of the day and the maximum declination of the sun above the horizon. The receiver is fully automated and requires no human intervention during the operation, in addition to preventive maintenance and troubleshooting. The mechanical part of the receiver enables and automatic control system allows you to receive solar energy without direct human involvement during the day, and transport it to the consumer, regardless of the breadth of the earth, on which the receiver and the time of year, which saves electricity.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to solar energy and may be used in the design and operation of solar receivers it with transportation to the consumer without direct human intervention.
The prior art known controllable solar energy receiver comprising two coaxial parabolic mirror with the same tricks two mechanisms mirror axis orientation to the sun and the flexible light guide mirror.
This decision is the closest to the proposed solar energy receiver.
The lack of automatic control technique and the method of transportation of solar energy to the consumer is a brake on the development of solar energy in general.
An object of the invention is to provide a fully automatic solar receiver Enhanced density with the ability to transport it to the consumer at a distance, without direct human involvement with a small team operating personnel during operation.
The greatest effect of the introduction of the proposed receiver can receive if they assemble in the most lit areas with the highest density of solar flux without darkening adjacent objects (on the roofs of tall buildings in the cities, in the mountains, in the open countryside, on ships, and so on. D.) .
The most cost-effective use of solar energy - indoor lighting during the day (the subway, warehouses, ovoschehranischah, the holds of ships, etc.), which will lead to a reduction in electricity used for lighting in half a year.
The technical problem is solved by the fact that the mechanical part of the receiver enables and automatic control system provides continuous reception of solar energy throughout the solar day from sunrise to sunset in the optimal range (axis mirrors coincides with the direction of the sun at the time of moving it across the sky) regardless of earth latitude and time of year, and the transportation of it and to the consumer.
The invention consists in that in the automatic receiver of solar energy, which includes two co-axial parabolic mirror with coincident foci, two mechanisms mirror axes orientation to the sun, and a flexible mirror optical fiber according to the invention the orientation of the mirror axis are produced in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the the receiver further comprises a stationary mirror light guide and the automatic mechanisms of orientation control, consisting of sensor intensity of the solar wind, the clock mechanism with an electric linear angle sensor, two consecutive follow-up systems to restore mirror axis of the sun, the logical unit consisting of two relay to start at sunrise and stop at sunset, but also to upgrade the memory of a sunny day duration and maximum angle of declination of the sun above the horizon, the functional blocks to determine a maximum angle of declination of the sun above the horizon to change the time scale and a sinusoidal input into a vertical tracking system that provides an angle of declination sun in the vertical direction, the flexible optical waveguide having one end freely movable in the stationary optical fiber, for the orientation axis of the mirrors in the sun uses the principle of the guidance barrel anti-aircraft machine guns or anti-aircraft gun at the target with horizontal and vertical rotation of the barrel, to a horizontal servo system input is set by clockwork through the line angle sensor in the range of 0 o -360 o, to automatically turn on the tracking systems at sunrise and off at sunset using a signal from the solar flux intensity sensor relay P 1 switching, vertical servo system input signal is sinusoidal with rescaled time so that at the end of reception time after sunset, he vanishes, and was the highest, to bring the control system in the middle of the day in its original state when the mirror axis is directed to the point of sunrise horizon, using the second relay P 2, which performs fast reverse a horizontal servo system, it clears the memory and replaces with new values the time duration of the solar day and the maximum declination of the sun above the horizon, and to form the input vertical servo system in the control system has a block of memory declination angle of maximum sun above the horizon with the input from the angle sensor the output shaft of the vertical rotation drive gear system of mirrors and access to the multiplier.
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Automatic solar energy receiver is depicted graphically in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram of the mechanical part and FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an automatic launch control system at sunrise, stop at sunset, bringing to its original state system of mirrors.
FIG. 1 shows:
1 - receiving mirror,
2 - reflective mirror which enhances the density of the solar wind,
f - the overall focus of the parabolic mirror 1 and 2,
3 - sleeve rigidly fixed in the hole with the inner mirror 1, mirror surface,
4 - two coaxial half-line, fixed to the hub 3,
5 - flexible light guide consisting of a set of mirrored cones embodied in flexible corrugated pipe,
6 - steady light pipe - a pipe with an internal mirrored surface,
7 - stand with bearings, which rotate the half-line 4,
8 - drive consisting of motor and gearbox, for vertical rotation system of mirrors 1 and 2 between 0 o -90 o,
9 - bevel gear having a central hole, which is rigidly attached to the rack 7
10 - sleeve which is rigidly mounted in the central opening 9 and the gears on which the bearing is planted,
11 - electric drive consisting of motor and gearbox, for horizontal rotation system of mirrors 1 and 2 between 0 o -360 o C,
12 - the bearing, the outer ring of which is fixed in a stationary platform 13,
13 - the fixed platform,
14 - the tower racks on which platform 13 is attached.
FIG. 2 - is indicated in the block diagram:
F - solar flux arriving at the mirror 1,
15 - solar flux intensity sensor output electric voltage U f,
16 - solenoid coil P 1, which is triggered when the rising of the sun and let the anchor during the approach, ie breaks the food chain drives motors for vertical and horizontal rotations system of mirrors,
And - measuring the light intensity device,
17 - clockwork, counting down the time t from the beginning of sunrise,
18 - timer connected to a clockwork mechanism via a gear between the output shaft of the clock mechanism and the sensor shaft with a gear ratio of 2, and the output electric voltage U t,
19 - drive for horizontal rotation system of mirrors between 0 o -360 o,
20 - steering angle sensor 
the output shaft drive gear 5 to the output voltage U f,
21 - unit for negative feedback servo system horizontal rotation with the output voltage U oc1,
22 - new signal erasing and memorizing unit U so on proportional time sunny day T d at the end of the reception,
23 - dividing device, you need to change the time scale by dividing the U f on U etc.,
24 - P relay coil 2, whereby the horizontal servo system returns to the initial state, readying it for the next day, and operates blocks 8 and 16,
25 - sinusoidal device that may be performed by calculator circuit where there are trigonometric functions,
26 - multiplier unit with an output voltage U BC1, proportional to the angle of declination of the sun above the horizon 
c,
27 - Drive for vertical rotation through a system of mirrors c,
28 - steering angle sensor output shaft drive gear 13 with the output voltage 
29 - unit negative feedback servo system of vertical rotation mirror system with an output voltage U a2,
30 - The device memory declination angle of maximum sun above the horizon in the middle of the day art, erase the old value and the new input in the multiplier unit 12 via the relay P 2,
K 1 +, K 2 +, K 1 -, K 2 - - buttons to control the initial launch of the system at the time of sunrise.
Thus, the system of automatic solar receiver control consists of two series-connected servo systems for horizontal and vertical cornering foster a system of mirrors, sensor solar flux intensity, logic block, consisting of two relay P 1 and P 2, provides automatic start, stop, reverse horizontal servo system, bringing it to its original state, the divider and multiplier device level memory extremum, sine wave block and the level of remembering the time duration of the solar day and the keys K 1 +, K 2 +, K 1 -, K 2 - for manual control of the sun when you start the system to the max readings meter solar flux intensity I.
automatic receiver work begins with the initial start-up. In this case, by pressing 1, K +, K 2 +, K 1 -, K 2 - when the sun sets the position of the point of sunrise horizon, combining the mirror axis in the direction of the sun at solar maximum flow rate, which is measured at the meter I.
After that, the control system is included in the automatic mode by yourself at the time of sunrise.
Since the mirror axis is directed to the point of the horizon, close to sunrise, when the appearance of the last strong intensity of solar flux increases and the start relay P 1 includes tracking systems for horizontal and vertical cornering mirror axis, ensuring that it is the direction of movement of the sun across the sky during the day, up approach, providing a maximum density of the solar flux arriving at the receiver mirror.
At sunset on the horizon the intensity of the solar wind drops to zero and the relay P 1 disables both tracking systems, but this time for a short period of time 
t switch P 2 includes a horizontal servo system Reversing system, bringing it to the starting point of the horizon, that is, sunrise point, the length of time clears the memory of the day by entering a new value in the memory divider, which serves as a link time-warping, clears the memory of the maximum declination of the sun above the horizon angle v and replaces it with a new value. Relay coil P 2 is switched to the voltage U t, derived from the time of the sensor, standing on the clockwork axis at time t = T d, ie, when disconnecting relay P 1 due to discharge of the capacitor in series with the relay coil P 2 at a time t. This time depends on the relay P 2 parameters, capacitor and resistance, which are selected experimentally or calculated.
USED BOOKS
SU 987 161 A, 17.01.83, F 24 J 2/18.
CLAIM
1. Automatic solar energy receiver comprising two parabolic mirror coaxial with coincident foci, the two-axis orientation mechanism mirror on the sun and a flexible light guide mirror, wherein the orientation axis of the mirrors produced in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the receiver itself further comprises a stationary mirror light guide and the automatic mechanisms of orientation control, consisting of a sensor solar flux intensity, clockwork with electric linear angle sensor, two consecutive follow-up systems to restore mirror axis of the sun, the logical unit consisting of two relay to start at sunrise and stop at sunset, but also to upgrade the memory of a sunny day duration and maximum declination of the sun above the horizon, the functional blocks to determine the maximum angle of solar declination over the horizon to change the time scale and a sinusoidal input into a vertical tracking system that provides the angle of declination of the sun in the vertical direction.
2. Automatic receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible optical fiber having one end freely movable in the stationary fiber.
3. Automatic receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that the orientation of the sun axis mirrors used anti-aircraft machine gun barrel pointing a principle or an anti-aircraft gun at the target with horizontal and vertical trunk rotation.
4. Automatic receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that for the horizontal servo input signal is given from the system via line clockwork angle sensor in the range 0 - 360 o.
5. Automatic receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that for the automatic inclusion of the tracking systems at sunrise and off at sunset using a signal from the solar flux intensity sensor relay P 1 is released.
6. Automatic receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical servomechanism is formed a sinusoidal input signal with a changed time scale so as to receive the end of time after sunset it vanishes and was maximal in the middle of the day.
7. Automatic receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that for actuating the control system to its original state when the mirror axis directed to the point of sunrise horizon second relay P 2 is used, which implements a horizontal fast reverse servo system clears the new memory and replaces the values of the time duration of the solar day and the maximum declination of the sun above the horizon.
8. Automatic receiver according to claim 1, wherein said input signal for generating a vertical servo system in the control memory unit has a maximum angle of declination of the sun above the horizon with an input from the output shaft angle encoder gear drive vertical turning mirror system and access to the multiplier .
print version
Publication date 11.02.2007gg
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