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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2287207
PHOTOELECTRIC MODULE
The name of the inventor: Persits Irina Samuilovna (RU); Persits Vladimir Grigorevich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company Penta-91 (JSC Penta-91) (RU)
Address for correspondence: 109044, Moscow, ul. 1-ya Dubrovskaya, 1, building 1, LLC "Penta-91"
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.06.03
The invention relates to devices of autonomous power supplies using solar energy. Essence: in a photovoltaic module consisting of at least one photocell placed between layers of polymer aggregate, the lower layer of which adheres to the substrate, a film of a thermoplastic silicone elastomer, a block copolymerization product of alpha, omega-aminosiloxane and a di- or polyfunctional Isocyanate. The top layer of the polymer aggregate can serve as a protective coating. The technical result of the invention: increasing the light, thermal and frost resistance of the photoelectric module with increasing stability of its output electrical parameters during long-term operation over a wider temperature range.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to devices of autonomous power supplies using solar energy, in particular to photoelectric modules.
There are known designs of photovoltaic modules in which cold-cured elastomers based on low molecular weight siloxane rubbers are used as a filler material connecting the surface of photoconverters with face and back protective coatings (US Pat. No. 4,175,07, 1979, IPC F 24 J 31/02 ) . An essential disadvantage of using such materials is the length of the process of forming the module and the low adhesion of cold vulcanizate to the elements of the structure.
More technologically, there are constructions using thermoplastic polymers, for example, films of highly plasticized polyvinyl butyral (US Pat. No. 3,953,337, 1976, IPC F 04 B 17/00) . However, under the influence of light, the polyvinyl butyral film substantially turns yellow, and this process is catalyzed by metal ions migrating from the elements of the photoconverter contact system.
The most widespread at present are photoelectric module designs in which a film based on an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is used as a filler with a vinyl acetate content of 28-33% by weight (US Pat. No. 6,667,434, 2004, IPC H 01 L 31 / 18, 6660556, 2003, IPC H 01 L 31/18) .
US Patent No. 4,499,658, 1983, MKI H 01 L 31/18 discloses a film made of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer containing a peroxidic crosslinking initiator, an organosilicon primer for improving adhesion, and Stabilizing system, including UV absorber, light and heat stabilizer (antioxidant). This material is capable of forming a cross-linked structure in the process of forming a photoelectric module, ensuring the heat resistance of the structure to 90 ° C.
A significant drawback of aggregates of this type, due to its composition, is increased gas evolution during the formation of the module due to the active decomposition of the peroxide-type crosslinker. This, in turn, requires the construction of the device itself to become more complicated with regard to the use of additional drainage materials (for example, non-woven materials based on glass fibers) and the complication of the technological mode of production ("Encapsulants for solar cells", www.etimex.de) . In addition, the presence of free-radical decomposition products of peroxide provokes an unproductive consumption of stabilizers (in particular, a heat stabilizer), and the formation of UV-excitable chromophore groups leading to a darkening of the polymer layer during the operation of the module (Encapsulation of PV modules using ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as A pottant: A critical review, AWCzanderna, FJPem, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 43, 1996, 101-181) .
The closest to the invention according to the invention is the photoelectric module, protected by RF patent No. 2069920, 1996, IPC N 01 L 31/04, in which, as the filler material, a film based on an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is used in advance Formed by a three-dimensional structure and a content of the gel fraction of 10-50% by weight (up to 65% by weight in NREL tests using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent). The use of said invention allows to reduce gas evolution during the formation of the module and to increase its resistance to delamination during operation.
A significant drawback of the design of the prototype module, as well as of other analogues, is the instability of the optical characteristics of the filler material, which leads to a decrease in the output power of the module during long-term operation, and a limited range of operating temperatures (minus 40 ° C plus 90 ° C) .
The object of the present invention is to increase the light, thermal and frost resistance of the photoelectric module with increasing stability of its output electrical parameters during long-term operation over a wider temperature range.
The above result is achieved by the proposed construction of a photoelectric module in which a film made of a thermoplastic silicone elastomer, a block copolymerization product of alpha, omega-aminosiloxane with a di- or polyfunctional isocyanate, is used as the filler material. Silicone elastomer has a high optical transparency in the working range of the solar spectrum for photoconverters (spectral transmittance in the visible region is not less than 90%) and does not require additional cross-linking and stabilization. The formation of the "three-dimensional" structure of the copolymer occurs due to microsegregation of rigid blocks that perform the functions of the "nodes" of the three-dimensional structure when the melt is cooled.
The combination of optical, adhesive and mechanical characteristics of a thermoplastic silicone elastomer with high abrasion resistance and low surface energy values makes it possible in some cases to use this block copolymer not only as a filler in a photoelectric module but also as a protective material (without an additional outer coating).
The essence of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. The photoelectric module consists of one or more photocells 1 placed between the top and bottom layers of a filler made of a thermoplastic silicone elastomer derived from alpha, omega-aminosiloxane and diisocyanate 2. The lower elastomer layer fills the space Between the rear surface of the photocells and the substrate 3. The upper layer of the silicone elastomer is adjacent to the face protective coating 4 of FIG. 1, or performs its function itself (FIG. 2).
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EXAMPLES OF CONCRETE EXECUTION
Example 1. The photovoltaic module comprises commutated photocells, a backing (back protective coating) of a fluorine-containing polymer, a facial protective coating of glass or an optically transparent polymer, and layers of a film of alpha, omega-aminosiloxane-based silicone elastomer with a silicone chain length of 50 units and 1, 3-diisocyanatomethylcyclohexane. The operating temperature range of the module according to claim 1, minus 60 - plus 110 ° C.
Example 2. The photovoltaic module consists of photocells, rear polyethylene terephthalate backing and layers of a silicone elastomeric film based on the alpha, omega-aminosiloxane block copolymer with a 40-chain siloxane chain length and 4,4-methylene-bis-cyclohexyl diisocyanate, the upper one of which Is both a face protective coating. The efficiency of the module in this case is provided in the temperature range from minus 60 to plus 120 ° C.
Thus, the temperature range of continuous operation without reducing the optical parameters of the filler in the proposed design of the photoelectric module is expanded by 40-50 ° C in comparison with the known designs (minus 40 plus 90 ° C).
CLAIM
- A photoelectric module comprising at least one photocell placed between layers of a polymer aggregate whose lower layer adheres to a substrate, characterized in that a film made of a thermoplastic silicone elastomer, a block copolymerization product of alpha, omega-aminosiloxane and di- or Polyfunctional isocyanate, the top layer of which serves as a protective coating.
- The photoelectric module according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional protective coating is applied to the top layer of the aggregate.
print version
Date of publication 16.12.2006гг
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